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Development of a Scale to Measure Korean Ego-integrity in Older Adults
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Sung Ok Chang, Eun Sook Kong, Kwuy Bun Kim, Nam Cho Kim, Ju Hee Kim, Chun Gill Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Mi Soon Song, Soo Yeon Ahn, Kyung Ja Lee, Young Whee Lee, Si Ja Chon, Nam Ok Cho, Myung Ok Cho, Kyung Sook Choi
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(3):334-342. Published online April 30, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.3.334
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Abstract
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Purpose
Ego-integrity in older adults is the central concept related to quality of life in later life. Therefore, for effective interventions to enhance the quality of later life, a scale to measure ego-integrity in older adults is necessary. This study was carried out to develop a scale to measure ego-integrity in older adults.
Methods
This study utilized cronbach's alpha in analyzing the reliability of the collected data and expert group, and factor analysis and item analysis to analyze validity.
Results
Seventeen items were selected from a total of 21 items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .88 for the 17 items of ego-integrity in the older adults scale. Three factors evolved by factor analysis, which explained 50.71% of the total variance.
Conclusion
The scale for measuring ego-integrity in Korean older adults in this study was evaluated as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity.
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Citations
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- The Association Between Depression and Death Anxiety Among Older Adults: Moderating Effect of Ego-Integrity
Jin-Hee Woo, Sung-Man Bae OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying.2025; 90(3): 1025. CrossRef - The effects of ego integrity and readiness for death on the preferences of care near the end-of-life of hospitalized older adults in long-term care hospitals: A cross-sectional correlation study
Jangmi Baek, Jun-Ah Song Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(2): 185. CrossRef - Development of Assessment Tool for Ego-Integrity in Nursing Home Residents
Sun Young Lim, Sung Ok Chang Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2020; 22(2): 140. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Death Anxiety in Community-Dwelling Elderly: Based on the Ecology Theory
Yeonha Kim, Minju Kim The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2019; 22(1): 30. CrossRef - Ego-Integrity Management of Residents in Nursing Homes: A Concept Analysis based on the Method by Walker and Avant
Sun Young Lim, Sung Ok Chang Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2018; 20(2): 97. CrossRef - The Influencing Factors on the Ego Integrity of Elderly Living Alone
Hyun Jeong Jeong, Sook Hee Yoon The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(4): 499. CrossRef - Mutual Reciprocal Relationship between Ego Integrity and Depression in Elderly: Multi-dimensional Influencing Factors
Hye Sun Jeong, Hyun Soo Oh Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(3): 262. CrossRef - Exploring Wisdom in the Korean Elderly: A Q Methodology Study
Kiwol Sung Asian Nursing Research.2011; 5(2): 128. CrossRef
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The Concept Analysis of Ego-integrity in the Elderly
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Sung Ok Chang, Eun Sook Kong, Kwuy Bun Kim, Nam Cho Kim, Ju Hee Kim, Chun Gill Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Mi Soon Song, Soo Yeon Ahn, Kyung Ja Lee, Young Whee Lee, Si Ja Chon, Nam Ok Cho, Myung Ok Cho, Kyung Sook Choi
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1172-1183. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1172
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Abstract
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Purpose
Ego-integrity in Erikson's stage theory is used frequently among health team members related to the care of the elderly and has specific meanings within the context of quality of life in later life. However, the concept of ego-integrity in the elderly has not been well articulated in the literature. This study was conducted clarify and conceptualize the phenomena of ego-integrity in the elderly.
Method
A Hybrid Model of concept development was applied to develop a concept of ego-integrity, which included a field study carried out in Seoul, South Korea using in-depth interviews with old adults who were admitted as a right person for research subject according to attributes of ego-integrity analysed in the theoretical phase.
Results
The concept of ego-integrity emerged as a complex phenomenon having meanings in several different dimensions which encompassed several attributes.
Conclusions
Ego-integrity is a concept having needs that should be treated in a specific way and it is possible to enrich the meaning and methods to manage ego-integrity in nursing interventions for promoting quality of life so that its application may have effects that have positive impacts on the elderly's well being.
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Citations
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- Smartphone proficiency and use, loneliness, and ego integrity: an examination of older adult smartphone users in South Korea
Kisun Kim, Sung-Yeon Park, Hyung-Cheol Kang Behaviour & Information Technology.2021; 40(7): 625. CrossRef - Consideration of the Psychological and Mental Health of the Elderly during COVID-19: A Theoretical Review
Kunho Lee, Goo-Churl Jeong, JongEun Yim International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 8098. CrossRef - Ego-Integrity Management of Residents in Nursing Homes: A Concept Analysis based on the Method by Walker and Avant
Sun Young Lim, Sung Ok Chang Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2018; 20(2): 97. CrossRef - Relations between Gratitude Disposition and Ego-Integrity of Korean Elderly Men and Women: Mediating Effects of Generativity and Relatedness
Myeong Ae Choe, Jeong Shin An Family and Environment Research.2017; 55(2): 181. CrossRef - The Influencing Factors on the Ego Integrity of Elderly Living Alone
Hyun Jeong Jeong, Sook Hee Yoon The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(4): 499. CrossRef - Influence of Age-Identity on Existential Identity and Psychological Well-Being of the Elderly
Shin Sook Lee Family and Environment Research.2014; 52(2): 151. CrossRef - Study on Knowledge of the Elderly's Physical, Psychological and Social Aspects among College Students in Physical Therapy
Chung-Joa Ahn, Myung-Chul Kim, Seung-Kyun Kim, Seul-Ki Han Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2014; 9(4): 375. CrossRef
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Effects of Motivation-Enhancing Program on Health Behaviors, Cardiovascular Risk factors, and Functional status for Institutionalized Elderly Women
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Rhayun Song, Kyung Ja June, You Ja Ro, Chun Gill Kim
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):858-870. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.858
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Abstract
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This study was to compare changes in health behaviors, motivational factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and functional status (SIP) after implementing the 6-month motivation-enhancing program to institutionalized elderly women. METHODS Sixty-four elderly women participated. Face to face interviews with blood sampling and anthropometric assessment were conducted at the pretest, 10 weeks and 6 months during the program. RESULTS 1. The program participants showed significantly better health behaviors over 6 months. The mean motivational level was also significantly improved, especially for perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and emotional salience. 2. The mean of cardiovascular risk factors for the participants was 21.8 at the level of low to moderate risk. After completing the program, total risk score was significantly decreased to 18.7 at 10 weeks, and further to 17.7 at 6 months. A significant reduction was also found in HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, and stress. 3. The functional status (SIP) was 11% at the baseline and significantly changed in positive direction at 10 weeks (M=9.3) and at 6 month (M=6.3). The significant improvement was also found in physical and psychosocial dimensions and sleep/rest dimension. CONCLUSION The motivation enhancing program was effective to reduce cardiovascular risks and to improve the functional status of institutionalized elderly women by motivating them to perform better health behaviors.
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- The effects of self-efficacy, a health-promoting lifestyle, and social support on resilience of patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention: A descriptive survey study
Su-Jin Kim, Jeong-soo Kim Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(4): 403. CrossRef - The Role of Health Empowerment on Digital Health Technology Literacy by Generation
Yoongi Chung, Hyerine Shin, Hyejin Kim, Ji-Su Kim American Journal of Health Behavior.2024; 48(4): 967. CrossRef - Effects of Accelerated Rehabilitation Exercise on the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), Isometric Muscle strength, and Blood Profile in Older Adult Women with Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis
Korean Journal of Sport Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Effects of BeHaS Program on Health Behavior, Physiologic Index and Self-Esteem of the Elderly Living Alone with Metabolic Syndrome Based on Community Based Participatory Research
Jong Im Kim, Sun Ae Kim, Keumok Park, Jiyoung Kim, Lina Lee, Si Wan Choi, Bon Jeong Ku Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(4): 571. CrossRef - Validation of the cardiac health behavior scale for Korean adults with cardiovascular risks or diseases
Rhayun Song, Hyunkyoung Oh, Sukhee Ahn, Sue Moorhead Applied Nursing Research.2018; 39: 252. CrossRef - Motivation Factors for Stages of Behavioral Change among Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome
Rhayun Song, Moonkyoung Park Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(1): 60. CrossRef - A structural model of health behavior modification among patients with cardiovascular disease
Hwasoo Goong, Seungmi Ryu, Lijuan Xu Applied Nursing Research.2016; 29: 70. CrossRef - A Study on IADL, Stress and Motivation on Healthy Lifestyle among Elderly People with Arthritis
Jong Gun Kim, Kyeung Hee Moon, Eun Sun Lim, Jang Hak Yoo Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(3): 209. CrossRef - The Relationship between Health Belief and Exercise Compliance among Elderly Adults at Senior Centers
Kyung Im Lee, Young Eun Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2015; 26(2): 79. CrossRef - Development of Job Standards for Clinical Nutrition Therapy for Dyslipidemia Patients
Min-Jae Kang, Jung-Sook Seo, Eun-Mi Kim, Mi-Sun Park, Mi-Hye Woo, Dal-Lae Ju, Gyung-Ah Wie, Song-Mi Lee, Jin-A Cha, Cheong-Min Sohn Clinical Nutrition Research.2015; 4(2): 76. CrossRef - The intake of food and nutrient by the elderly with chronic disease in the Seoul area
Yoo Kyung Park, Yeon Joo Lee, Sang Sun Lee Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(6): 531. CrossRef - Effects of a problem‐solving counseling program to facilitate intensified walking on Koreans with type 2 diabetes
Haejung LEE, Myoung‐Soo KIM, Kyung‐Yeon PARK, Hyoung‐Sook PARK, In‐Joo KIM Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2011; 8(2): 129. CrossRef - The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy on Physical Functions in the Elderly
Sook Hee Jung, Kyung Hee Chung Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(2): 252. CrossRef - Health Literacy and Health Status of Korean-Chinese Elderly People Living in Yanbian, China
Chun Yu Li, Ogcheol Lee, Gi Soo Shin, Xian Wen Li Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 386. CrossRef - Effects of the Nutrition Education Program on Self-efficacy, Diet Behavior Pattern and Cardiovascular Risk Factors for the Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Kyoungok Ju, Heeyoung So Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(1): 64. CrossRef - Effects of Nutrition Education and Exercise Programs on Perceived Dietary Behaviors, Food Intake and Serum Lipid Profiles in Elderly Korean Women Living in Residential Homes
Hee-Seon Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Rhayun Song Asian Nursing Research.2007; 1(1): 35. CrossRef - Effects of a health-promotion program on cardiovascular risk factors, health behaviors, and life satisfaction in institutionalized elderly women
Chun-Gill Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Rhayun Song International Journal of Nursing Studies.2003; 40(4): 375. CrossRef
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A Comparison of Quality of Life between the Families of Hospital Hospice Patients and Those of Home: Based Hospice Patients
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You Ja Ro, Chun Gill Kim
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(3):773-785. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.3.773
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Abstract
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This study aims at providing more qualitative care in family nursing practice. It is designed to analyze the degree of quality of life(QL) among families of the patients. The subjects consisted of 79 families of hospital hospice patients and 74 families of home-based hospice patients. The ages of the subjects were 17-74 years, at five university hospitals in Seoul, Inchon, and Kyung Gi Province, and one clinic in Chunchon. The data were collected from September, 1996 to August, 1997. The instrument used for the study was the Quality of Life Scale(QLS), which was composed of six factors, developed by Ro. You Ja, The analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows : 1. There were no statistically significant differences between the families of hospital hospice patients and the families of home-based hospice patients ; however, the mean score of the families of hospital hospice patients was higher than that of the families of home-based hospice patients. The scores on QLS ranged from 75 to 224 with a mean score of 140.58 in the families of hospital hospice patients. In the families of home-based hospice patients, the scores ranged from 79 to 214, showing a mean score of 135.25. Among six factors of QLS, family relationships showed the highest score in the families of hospital patients. Self-esteem and relationship with the neighborhood were significantly higher in the families of hospital hospice patients than the families of home-based hospice patients(t= 2.69, P= 0.008 ; t= 2.04, p= 0.043).
2. In the families of hospital hospice patients, QL had significant relationship with family member's age (F= 2.52, P=0.029), marital status (F= 3.57, P = 0.018), economic state(F= 6.07, P= 0.004), and education level(F =3.77, P=0.014), In the families of home based hospice patients, QL had significant relationship with marital status(F=2.53, P=0.049), education level(F= 4.35, P=0.007), occupation(F=3.93, P=0.002), and patient's age(F=2.73, P=0.020). 3. Economic status accounted for 17% of QL, and diagnosis accounted for an additional 7% of QL in the families of hospital hospice patients by means of stepwise multiple regression analysis, In the families of home-based hospice patients, relationships with patient accounted for 12% of QL. The findings showed that self-esteem and relationship with the neighborhood were significantly higher in the families of hospital hospice patients than the families of homed-based hospice patients and family relationships showed the highest value in QL. These finding should be considered in nursing practice.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Comparison in Spiritual Well-being and Quality of Life between Hospital and Home Hospice Patients
Bok Hee Kim, Heeok Park Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(3): 292. CrossRef - Factors Determining the Quality of Life of Elders Using the Health Town
Hyoung-Ha Lee Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information.2012; 17(6): 201. CrossRef - Family Experiences in End-of-Life Care: A Literature Review
Ji-Soo Yoo, JuHee Lee, Soo Jung Chang Asian Nursing Research.2008; 2(4): 223. CrossRef - Hospice and Hospice Care in Korea: Evolution, Current Status, and Challenges
Bok Yae Chung, Yu Xu, Chanyeong Kwak Home Health Care Management & Practice.2005; 18(1): 73. CrossRef
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Comparisons of Physical Fitness, Self Efficacy, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and Quality of Life between Institutionalized and Noninstitutionalized Elderly
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You Ja Ro, Chun Gill Kim
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Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1995;25(2):259-278. Published online March 30, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1995.25.2.259
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Abstract
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This study was done to investigate levels of physical fitness, self efficacy(SE), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and quality of life(QL), and their relationships among the elderly. Data were collected from 47 noninstitutionalized elderly dwelling in their own homes and 43 institutionalized elderly living in homes for older people. The ages of the subjects were 65 years and over. The data were collected from January 20th to February 20th, 1995. Physical fitness was measured with T.K.K dynamometer, grip dynamometer, stop watch, and Purdue pegboard. Structured questionnaires developed by Kim, by Lawton and Brody, and by Ro were adopted to measure SE, IADL, and QL, respectively. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows: 1. The noninstitutionalized elderly had higher scores in such measures of physical fitness as body weight, skinfold thickness, flexibility and coordination as compared to the institutionalized elderly. 2. On the following measures of physical fitness, men showed higher levels than women; in height when standing, height when sitting, body weight, and muscle strength. Women had more trunk flexibility than men. 3. Muscle strength was positively correlated with height when standing, height when sitting, and body weight. The following measures of physical fitness, muscle strength, flexibility and coordination, were negatively correlated with "up and go". 4. The noninstitutionalized elderly had higher scores in SE(t=2.28, p<0.05), IADL(t=2.24, p<0.05), and QL (t=2.41, p<0.05) as compared to the institutionalized elderly. 5. SE was positively correlated with both IADL (r=0.41, p<0.001) and QL(r=0.54, p<0.001), and the latter two variables were a positively correlated(r=0.30, p<0.001). 6. SE was positively correlated with the physical fitness measures of height when standing, body weight, strength of leg muscles, strength of back muscles, grip strength, and level of touching the floor, but negatively correlated with "up and go." 7. Positive correlations were revealed between IADL and the physical fitness measures of height, strength of leg muscles, level of trunk muscle extension, level of touching the floor, and coordination. The IADL was negatively correlated with "up and go". 8. QL was positively correlated with body weight (r=0.28, p<0.01) and skinfold thickness(r=0. 26, p<0.05). 9. Age was negatively correlated with the physical fitness measures of height when standing, height when silting, "up and go", strength of leg muscles, strength of back muscles, grip strength, level of trunk muscle extension, and coordination. 10. Age was also negatively correlated with SE (r=-0.24, p<0.05) and IADL(r=-0.22, p<0. 05). The above results suggest that caring elderly in their own homes were more effective and that nursing interventions to enhance physical fitness, SE, IADL, and QL especially for the institutionalized elderly are stressed.
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- Do policy expectations, health, and social support affect the quality of life of older adults?
Yoonhee Choi, Eunjung Hwang International Review of Public Administration.2022; 27(4): 325. CrossRef
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