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Experience of Becoming a Father of a High Risk Premature Infant
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Jeong Eon Park, Byoung Sook Lee
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):277-288. Published online April 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.277
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 Abstract
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Purpose
This study was performed to identify the experience of becoming a father of a high risk premature infant.
Methods
Grounded theory was used for this research. The participants were 12 fathers who had premature infants lighter than 2,500g of birth weight, less than 37 weeks of gestational age and having stayed 2 weeks or longer in a NICU right after birth. Theoretical sampling was done to identify participants and indepth interviews were done for the data collection. For data analysis, the process suggested by Corbin and Strauss was used.
Results
For these participants the core phenomenon of the experience of becoming a father of a high risk premature infant was ‘striving through with belief and patience’. The phenomenon was ‘being frustrated in an unrealistic shock’. Contextual conditions were ‘uncertainty in the health status of the premature baby’ and ‘no one to ask for help’ and intervening conditions were ‘possibility in the health recovery of the premature baby’ and ‘assistance from significant others’. Action/interaction strategies were ‘withstanding with belief in the baby’ and ‘enduring with willpower as head of the family’ and the consequence was ‘becoming a guardian of the family’.
Conclusion
For the participants, the process of becoming the father of a high risk premature infant was striving through the situation with belief in their babies' ability to overcome the crisis and waiting for the babies' recovery with patience.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - An Integrated Review of Transitional Care for Families of Pre-Term Infants
Jeong Soon Kim, Hae Ran Kim
Healthcare.2024; 12(22): 2287. CrossRef - The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in South Korea: A scoping review
Jiyeon Lee, Sunyeob Choi
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 72: 36. CrossRef - Perceptions of fatherhood and confidence regarding neonatal care among fathers of high-risk neonates in South Korea: a descriptive study
Jin Won Lee, Sunhee Lee
Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(3): 229. CrossRef - Changes in Strauss & Corbin's Grounded Theory
Ji Eun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 505. CrossRef - Parenting Experience of Prematurity Parents Based on Grounded Theory
Jeong Soon Kim
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2019; 23(4): 232. CrossRef - Experiences of Mothers of Premature Infants Receiving Rehabilitation Therapy
Hyun-Ju Kang
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 298. CrossRef
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310
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Experience of Spiritual Conflict in Hospice Nurses: A Phenomenological Study
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Byoung Sook Lee, Su Young Kwak
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(1):98-109. Published online February 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.1.98
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Abstract
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Purpose
This aim of this phenomenological study was to describe and understand the experience of spiritual conflict in hospice nurses by identifying the meanings and structures of the experience.
Methods
Participants were 12 nurses working for one year or more at hospice units of general hospitals in a metropolitan city and experiencing of spiritual conflict as hospice nurses. Over six months data were collected using individual in-depth interviews and analyzed with the method suggested by Colaizzi.
Results
The experience of spiritual conflict in participants was organized into three categories, six theme-clusters, and 13 themes. The participants felt existential anxiety on death and a fear of death which is out of human control and skepticism for real facts of human beings facing death. They also experienced agitation of fundamental beliefs about life with agitation of the philosophy of life guiding themselves and mental distress due to fundamental questions that are difficult to answer. Also they had distress about poor spiritual care with guilty feelings from neglecting patients' spiritual needs and difficulties in spiritual care due to lack of practical competencies.
Conclusion
Findings indicate the experience of spiritual conflict in hospice nurses is mainly associated with frequent experience of death in hospice patients. The experience of spiritual conflict consisted of existential anxiety, agitation of fundamental beliefs and distress over poor spiritual care. So, programs to help relieve anxiety, agitation and distress are necessary to prevent spiritual conflict and then spiritual burnout in hospice nurses.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - The effects of nurses' spiritual well-being and death awareness on end-of-life nursing attitudes in Korea: a cross-sectional study
Hyemin Kim, Seunghye Choi
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 393. CrossRef - Spiritual Care Expectations Among Cancer and Noncancer Patients With Life-Threatening Illnesses
Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
Cancer Nursing.2024; 47(4): E269. CrossRef - Perspectives of the Value in Life among Nursing Professionals: A Q-methodology Study
Misoon Jeon, Eun Sil Jang, Eun Ja Yeun
Sage Open.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Moderating Effect of Nurse’s Character on the Relationship between Attitudes toward Nursing Care of the Dying and Performance of Terminal Care in South Korea
Kawoun Seo
Healthcare.2021; 9(9): 1195. CrossRef - Burnout and Related Factors of Nurses Caring for DNR Patients in Intensive Care Units, South Korea
Sohyune Sok, Hyebeen Sim, Bokhee Han, Se Joung Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(23): 8899. CrossRef - Health care Professionals' Reflections on Their Learning as Spiritual Generalists and Integration Into Practice
Mary Martha Thiel, Donna Luff, Emma E. Kerr, Mary R. Robinson, Elaine C. Meyer
Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Experiences of Precocious Puberty in Primary School Girls with Hormone Therapeutics
Soon Mi Cheon, Hye Young Jung
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Jim Q. Ho, Christopher D. Nguyen, Richard Lopes, Stephen C. Ezeji-Okoye, Ware G. Kuschner
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273
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Effects of an Integrated Internet Addiction Prevention Program on Elementary Students' Self-regulation and Internet Addiction
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So Youn Mun, Byoung Sook Lee
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):251-261. Published online April 30, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.251
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Abstract
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated internet addiction prevention program and test its effects on the self-regulation and internet addiction of elementary students who are at risk for internet addiction.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=28) or control group (n=28). Contents of the program developed in this study included provision of information about internet addiction, interventions for empowerment and methods of behavioral modification. A pre-test and two post-tests were done to identify the effects of the program and their continuity. Effects were testified using Repeated measures ANOVA, simple effect analysis, and Time Contrast.
Results
The self-regulation of the experimental group after the program was significantly higher than the control group. The score for internet addiction self-diagnosis and the internet use time in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group.
Conclusion
The effects of the integrated internet addiction prevention program for preventing internet addiction in elementary students at risk for internet addiction were validated.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - An Integrative Review of Interventions for Preventing Internet and Smartphone Addiction in Elementary School Students: Based on the IMB Model
Hyemin Park, Bohye Kim, Jaehee Jeong, Hwa Jeong Kim, Yebin Kim
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Paul A. Danielsen, Rune A. Mentzoni, Torstein Låg
Addictive Behaviors.2024; 149: 107887. CrossRef - Effectiveness of a web-based group intervention for internet addiction in university students
Andreas Brouzos, Aikaterini Papadopoulou, Vasiliki C. Baourda
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Esmaeel Taghipour, Fatemeh Vizeshfar, Nahid Zarifsanaiey
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Yunus Emre Karadağ, Cemal Onur Noyan
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Hossein Eskandari, Mohammad Reza Vahdani Asadi, Rouhollah Khodabandelou
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Dan J Stein, Anna Hartford
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Jae Yeon Lee, Ok Kyung Ham, Hyun Soo Oh, Eun Jin Lee, Young Ko, Bongjeong Kim
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Matthew W. R. Stevens, Paul H. Delfabbro, Daniel L. King
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Matthew W.R. Stevens, Paul H. Delfabbro, Daniel L. King
Computers in Human Behavior.2021; 115: 106611. CrossRef - The Effect of Mind Subtraction Meditation Intervention on Smartphone Addiction and the Psychological Wellbeing among Adolescents
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Computers in Human Behavior.2019; 90: 1. CrossRef - LA PRÉVENTION DE L’UTILISATION PROBLÉMATIQUE D’INTERNET : EXPLORATION DU POINT DE VUE DES JEUNES
Gabrielle St-Arnaud, Magali Dufour1, Andrée-Anne Légaré, Joël Tremblay, Karine Bertrand, Yasser Khazaal, Natacha Brunelle, Mathieu Goyette
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Melina A. Throuvala, Mark D. Griffiths, Mike Rennoldson, Daria J. Kuss
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Céline Bonnaire, Zéphyr Serehen, Olivier Phan
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Sun‐Yi Yang, Hee‐Soon Kim
Public Health Nursing.2018; 35(3): 246. CrossRef - Policy and Prevention Approaches for Disordered and Hazardous Gaming and Internet Use: an International Perspective
Daniel L. King, Paul H. Delfabbro, Young Yim Doh, Anise M. S. Wu, Daria J. Kuss, Ståle Pallesen, Rune Mentzoni, Natacha Carragher, Hiroshi Sakuma
Prevention Science.2018; 19(2): 233. CrossRef - Internet addiction detection rate among college students in the People’s Republic of China: a meta-analysis
Yao-jun Shao, Tong Zheng, Yan-qiu Wang, Ling Liu, Yan Chen, Ying-shui Yao
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Hideki Nakayama, Satoko Mihara, Susumu Higuchi
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Bo Young Kim
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2015; 29(3): 441. CrossRef
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282
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Role Adaptation Process of Elementary School Health Teachers: Establishing Their Own Positions
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Jeong Hee Lee, Byoung Sook Lee
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(3):305-316. Published online June 30, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.3.305
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Abstract
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore and identify patterns from the phenomenon of the role adaptation process in elementary school health teachers and finally, suggest a model to describe the process.
Methods
Grounded theory methodology and focus group interviews were used. Data were collected from 24 participants of four focus groups. The questions used were about their experience of role adaptation including situational contexts and interactional coping strategies. Transcribed data and field notes were analyzed with continuous comparative analysis.
Results
The core category was 'establishing their own positions', an interactional coping strategy. The phenomenon identified by participants was confusion and wandering in their role performance. Influencing contexts were unclear beliefs for their role as health teachers and non-supportive job environments. The result of the adaptation process was consolidation of their positions. Pride as health teachers and social recognition and supports intervened to produce that result. The process had three stages; entry, growth, and maturity.
Conclusion
The role adaptation process of elementary school health teachers can be explained as establishing, strengthening and consolidating their own positions. Results of this study can be used as fundamental information for developing programs to support the role adaptation of health teachers.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Priority Setting for Enhancing School Nursing Practices Using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus for Focus Model
Min‐Jung Choi, Hyun‐Ju Seo, Jaehee Yoon, Ji Eun Kim
Public Health Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Relationships of Self-leadership, Working Environment, and Professionalism among School Health Teachers
Joohee Kim, Young Ko
Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2023; 34: 294. CrossRef - Perceived Discrimination and Workplace Violence among School Health Teachers: Relationship with School Organizational Climate
Joohee Kim, Young Ko
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(4): 432. CrossRef - School Novice Health Teachers’ Perception of Job Performance Difficulties and Job Satisfaction
Seomoon Jang, Gyuyoung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(4): 566. CrossRef - Development of emergency nursing care competency scale for school nurses
Jaehee Yoon
BMC Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Experience of Senior Center Nurses' Emergency Management
Soo Jin Lee, Xianglan Jin
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2020; 22(2): 153. CrossRef - The Influences of Burnout on Job Satisfaction on School Health Teachers (School Nurse): Focused on the Mediating Effects of Self-leadership
Oh Yun Kwon, Kyung Sook Park
Journal of the Korean Society of School Health.2017; 30(1): 1. CrossRef - The Emergency Care Experience and Demand for Support of School Nurse
Jae Hee Yoon, In Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(2): 182. CrossRef - Adjusting Process of Nurses to an Oriental Medical Unit
Mee-Hun Lee, Hyoung-Sook Park, Jae-Hyun Ha
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(6): 615. CrossRef - Professional Identity of Elementary School Health Teachers: A Grounded Theory Approach.
Jin Ok Kwon, Jina Oh, Eun Ha Kim, Dae Dong Hahn
Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(1): 64. CrossRef - The Job Experience of Oncology Nurse Specialists
Young Sook Tae, Suhye Kwon, Young Sook Lee
Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(4): 236. CrossRef - Research on School Health Preliminary Teacher's Teaching Practice to the Use of NVivo 10 in Analyzing
Mi Ja Chung, Hee Moon, Chun Ja Sun, Dong Mei Li
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2014; 28(3): 574. CrossRef
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163
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Experience in Acceptance of Hospice by Patients with Terminal Cancer : A Phenomenological Research
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Su Young Kwak, Byoung Sook Lee
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(6):781-790. Published online December 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.6.781
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the experience in acceptance of hospice by patients with terminal cancer and to explore the structure of this experience.
Methods
A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Participants were nine patients who were admitted to the hospice unit of a university hospital. In-depth interviews were done for data collection and the data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method.
Results
Four categories, eight theme clusters and 18 themes were identified for the experience in acceptance of hospice by patients with terminal cancer. The three categories were 'Hope for a comfortable death', 'Overcoming barrier of prejudice about hospice', 'Incessant craving for life', 'The last consideration for self and family'.
Conclusion
While accepting the hospice care, participants experienced inner conflict between giving up medical treatments that prolong life and choosing a comfortable death, and also experienced an incessant craving for life. By accepting hospice care, they showed a human dignity that entails careful concerns for both self and family members.
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Citations
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Ji-Young Kim, Eun-Hi Choi
BMC Palliative Care.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Concept Analysis of Illness Acceptance in Chronic Disease: Application of Hybrid Model Method
Il Sun Ko, Hyunju Ji, Soyun Hong, Eunyoung Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(1): 67. CrossRef - Human relationships in patients’ end-of-life: a qualitative study in a hospice ward
Marika Lo Monaco, Raffaella Mallaci Bocchio, Giuseppe Natoli, Salvatore Scibetta, Teresa Bongiorno, Christiano Argano, Salvatore Corrao
Internal and Emergency Medicine.2020; 15(6): 975. CrossRef - Caregiver burden, patients' self-perceived burden, and preference for palliative care among cancer patients and caregivers
Ji Eun Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Juhee Cho, Hyung Kook Yang, So Young Kim, Hyo Sang Yoo, Hyun Jung Jho, Joo Yeon Shin, Belong Cho, Keeho Park, Jong-Hyock Park
Psycho-Oncology.2015; 24(11): 1545. CrossRef - Nurses' Spirituality and Attitude toward Terminal Care in Geriatric Hospital
Keum-Jae Lee, Yeon-Suk Park
Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(12): 347. CrossRef - Experience of Home-Based Hospice Care of Terminal-Cancer Patients
Boon Han Kim, Hwa Jung Kang
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2014; 17(4): 223. CrossRef - Feasibility Evaluation of Korean Advance Directives (K-AD)
Shin Mi Kim, Sun Woo Hong, Jin Shil Kim, Ki Sook Kim
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(4): 639. CrossRef
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226
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Experience of Job Satisfaction in Clinical Nurses: Application of Focus Group Methodology
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Byoung Sook Lee, Sung Rye Kang, Hae Ok Kim
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(1):114-124. Published online February 28, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.1.114
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of job satisfaction in clinical nurses.
Methods
Data was collected from three focus groups composed of 17 hospital nurses. Each focus group had an interview for an average of two and a half hours with the guidance of researchers. The main question was “how do you describe your lived experience of job satisfaction as a clinical nurse?” Qualitative data from the field notes and transcribed notes were analyzed using a grounded theory methodology developed by Strauss and Corbin.
Results
The core category of experience of job satisfaction in clinical nurses was identified as “Finding success.” Supportive interpersonal relationships and environment affected this category. In the process of attaining job satisfaction through finding success, the participants were using four interactional strategies such as giving meaning, finding self-esteem, extending the horizon of life, and strengthening self-capability. The dimensions of job satisfaction in clinical nurses were the sense of achievement, stability, and pride.
Conclusion
The results of this study yields very useful information for nursing mangers to design a program which enhances job satisfaction of clinical nurses based on interactional strategies.
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Citations
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Yunhyung Kim, Yeonsook Joo, Eun Hee Kang, Jeong Hye Kim
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Jae Woo Oh, Ji Ah Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(4): 435. CrossRef - Conceptual Analysis of Career Anchors of Nurses
Jae Woo Oh, Mi Ran Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(1): 28. CrossRef - A Qualitative Study on Job Satisfaction of Dental Hygienists with Low Experience
Ji-Hyeon Park, Soon-Ryun Lim
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2020; 20(3): 163. CrossRef - Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses
Yun Sil Ahn, Suk Jung Han
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Byoung-Sook Lee, Yong-Sook Eo, Mi-Aie Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(1): 12. CrossRef - Work Experiences of Delivery Room Nurses: A Phenomenological Study
Yunjung Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2017; 23(2): 78. CrossRef - The stress experience of nurses who are reemployed after career interruption
Eun-Jin Soun, Jae-Hyeon Eom, Eun-Sook Nam, Young-Ran Chae, Myung-Sook Kil, Eun-Ha Park
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Eun Jin Park, Ji Young Han, Na Young Jo
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Nam Suk Lee, Myung Suk Koh
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 516. CrossRef - Effects of Ego-resilience and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction in Psychiatric Nurses
Ya Ki Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 226. CrossRef - Characteristics and factors affecting the job satisfaction of community health survey interviewers
Seong-Bin Park, Young-Taek Kim, Jeong-Mi Lee, Young-Hoon Lee, Gyung-Jae Oh
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2015; 40(1): 1. CrossRef - Factors influencing Turnover Intention of Customized Home Health Care Nurse
Jeongsook Park, Yunjung Oh
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Martin Sigmund, Jana Kvintová, Michaela Pugnerová, Hana Hřebíčková
e-Pedagogium.2014; 14(4): 104. CrossRef - Selected Personality Traits and Stress Management in Current University Students of Education, Physical Culture and Natural Science
Martin Sigmund, Jana Kvintová, Iva Dostálová
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Jana Kvintová, Martin Sigmund
e-Pedagogium.2012; 12(4): 59. CrossRef - Looking Back the Past 30 Years: Activities and Achievements of Community Health Practitioners in Rural and Remote Areas in Korea
Chunmi Kim, Kyung Ja June
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(1): 51. CrossRef - Analysis of the Related Factors on Job Satisfaction in Nursing Officers Using the Structural Equation Model
An-Sook Park, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(10): 4502. CrossRef - A study on Burnout, Emotional labor, and Self-efficacy in Nurses
Ya-Ki Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(4): 423. CrossRef - Comparison of Emotional Labor and Job Stress of Hospital Nursing Staff
Suk-Jung Han, Oh-Soon Yoon, Myung-Soon Kwon, Myung-Sun Song
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(1): 55. CrossRef - The Role Adaptation Process of The Executive Director of Nursing Department
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Jin Sook Han, In Sook Park
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118
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Development of a Measurement Tool of Caring to Evaluate Quality of Nursing Care
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Byoung Sook Lee
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Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):653-667. Published online March 30, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.653
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Abstract
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It is important to find indicators of quality nursing care to establish the excellence of nursing practice and for the development of nursing as a profession. Caring is one of the indicators which can represent professional nursing care. The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool of caring that could be used as an instrument for the evaluation of quality of nursing care. The Target population for the developed tool of caring is the adult patient. The mearsurement tool of caring was developed through the following steps. (1) A list of caring behaviors was made using qualitative researches on caring that has been done in Korea. (2) Caring behaviors in nurses were selected using the list of caring behaviors developed from Watson's 10 factors of caring, (3) Items for the measurement tool of caring were developed using the caring behaviors of nurses (4) Content validity of the developed items was evaluated by an expert panel. (5) The mearsurement tool of caring was developed after a pilot study (6) Internal consistency, and construct validity of the developed tool were verified. (7) The mearsurement tool of caring with the items verified for the internal consistency and construct validity was confirmed. As a result of the study, a mearsurement tool of caring, composed of 27 items with 3 factors, was developed. The Reliability coefficient of the tool was . 9578. The tool is a 5 point Likert scale. The factors of the tool and the number of items for each factor are, 1) accessibility and availablility, 15 items; 2) emotional support and giving information, 8 items; 3) providing a protective environment, 4 items.
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Citations
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Jeong-Hee Kim, Young Sook Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(2): 155. CrossRef - Influence of Nurse Manager and Peer Group Caring Behaviors as Perceived by Nurses on Intention to Retention
Moon Yeon Kong, Jeong-Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(2): 191. CrossRef - The Effect of Suffering Experience, Empathy Ability, Caring Behaviors on Terminal Care Performance of Clinical Nurses
Kae Hwa Jo, Ae Ran Park, Jin Ju Lee, Su Jung Choi
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2015; 18(4): 276. CrossRef - Development of an Instrument to Measure Intra-Operative Caring Behaviors Perceived by Regional Anesthesia Patients
Mi-Jung Kim, Eun-Nam Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(5): 749. CrossRef
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Concept Analysis of Caring
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Byoung Sook Lee
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Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):337-344. Published online March 30, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.337
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Abstract
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Caring is being rediscovered as a central and unifying concept of the nursing. Traditionally, nursing profession has emphasized spirit and activities of caring. But there is little efforts to study the caring phenomena scientifically and systematically in nursing, and then the concept of caring is still remained unclear and ambiguous. Changes of social, and health care environment are threatening the philosophy and practice of caring, so it is urgent to identify caring more scientifically and to rediscover the nature of nursing discipline. Knowledge of the caring is essential component for the development of nursing as a science and a profession. The first thing to study a concept is thought to be the analysis of the concept. So in this study, concept analysis of caring was perfomed to clarify the concept of caring as a basis for the study of caring afterward. The approach used for the concept analysis of caring was the approach presented by Walker and Avant. The defining (or critical) attributes of caring identified in this study were (1) a series of activities for helping others, (2) concern and devotion, (3) interpersonal relationship, and (4) scientific and systematic process. The identified antecedents of caring were (1) awareness of other's needs for help, and (2) moral and cognitive motivation for helping others. The identified consequences of caing were (1) healing, (2) satisfaction, and (3) growth. And the consequences of caring were revealed to both of the care giver and the care receiver. The empirical referents of caring could be the behaviors of interpersonal relationship through scientific and systematic process with concern and devotion for others.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - An application of nurses’ professional self-concept and work productivity in one hospital in Padang, Indonesia
Y Arif, F N Sasmita, S D Anggraini
Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2020; 1469(1): 012049. CrossRef - A Review of the Korean Nursing Research Literature with Focus on Quantitative Measurement of Caring
Jeong-Hee Kim, Young Sook Park
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