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Figure 1

Research design.

O₁, O₂, O₃, O₄=stress, anxiety, physical symptoms, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), Cortisol, IgA.

X₁=aroma (bergamot essential oil) inhalation (solid line).

X₂=placebo (carrier oil & artificial flavor) inhalation (dotted line).

Group 1=aroma inhalation-1st & Placebo inhalation-2nd; Group 2=placebo inhalation-1st & Aroma inhalation-2nd.

Table 1

Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics between the Group 1 and Group 2 at Pre-test (O₁) (N=36)

Group 1=aroma inhalation-1st & placebo inhalation-2nd; Group 2=placebo inhalation-1st & aroma inhalation-2nd.

Table 2

Homogeneity Test for Dependent Variables at Pre-test (O₁) (N=36)

Group 1=aroma inhalation-1st & placebo inhalation-2nd; Group 2=placebo inhalation-1st & aroma inhalation-2nd; SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; PR=pulse rate; IgA=immunoglobulin A.

Table 3

Stress Score and Stress Response per Every Period in Group 1 and Group 2

O₁ & O₃ was pre-test in both group 1 and group 2; O₂ was after aroma inhalation in group 1, and after placebo inhalation in group 2; O₄ was after placebo inhalation in group 1, and after aroma inhalation in group 2.

SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; PR=pulse rate; IgA=immunoglobulin A.

Table 4

Changes in Stress Score and Stress Response between the Post-Aroma and Post-Placebo

Mean difference of aroma group=O₂-O₁ of Group 1 and O₄-O₃ of Group 2; Mean difference of placebo group=O₄-O₃ of Group 1 and O₂-O₁ of Group 2; SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; PR=pulse rate; IgA=immunoglobulin A.

Figure & Data

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