Hee Kyung Kim; Mihyoung Lee

doi:10.4040/jkan.2014.44.3.237

Articles

Page Path: HOME > J Korean Acad Nurs > Volume 44(3); 2014 > Article

Original Article
Effectiveness of Forgiveness Therapy on Resilience, Self-esteem, and Spirituality of Wives of Alcoholics: Hee Kyung Kim, Mihyoung Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014;44(3):237-247.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.3.237
Published online: June 30, 2014

Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Lee, Mihyoung. Department of Nursing, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea. Tel: +82-10-3738-9675, Fax: +82-32-236-9479, mhl56@hanmail.net

• Received: January 7, 2014 • Revised: February 5, 2014 • Accepted: April 18, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

17 Views
0 Download
9 Scopus

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
In this study the effects of forgiveness therapy on the resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality of wives of men suffering from alcohol abuse was examined.
Methods
The study design was a quasi-experimental design. Forgiveness therapy was conducted once a week for 12 weeks. Data were obtained from March 2012 to December 2013. Participants were chosen from women in two Alcohol Counseling Centers. Of the 29 participants, 16 were assigned to the experimental group and 13 to the control group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, χ²-test, and repeated measure ANOVA.
Results
There were statistically significantly differences for resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality between the experimental and control groups. Forgiveness therapy improved the resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<.05). In follow-up tests, the experimental group had a statistically significantly increase only in self-esteem.
Conclusion
This study results show that forgiveness therapy is effective in improving resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality in wives of men suffering from alcohol abuse. Therefore, forgiveness therapy can be considered a useful nursing intervention to promote improvements in emotional stability and provide pain relief for these wives.
Keywords: Alcoholics; Psychological resilience; Self-esteem; Spirituality; Forgiveness

This manuscript is based on the first author's doctoral dissertation from INHA University.

This work was supported by INHA University Research Grant.

REFERENCES

1. Ministry of Health & Welfare. The 2011 epidemiological survey of mental disorders in Korea [Internet]. Seoul, Statics Korea. 2012;cited 2014 January 4. Available from: http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1441
2. Choi SS, Lee SJ. A study on the life experiences of a recovering alcoholic's spouse. Soc Sci Res Rev Kyungsung Univ. 2012;28(3):431–462.
3. Kim KS. The development and the effects of program for forgiveness. Korean J Youth Couns. 2002;10(1):165–191.
4. Kim KS. Reflective inquiry on empirical-scientific studies of forgiveness and suggestions for following forgiveness studies. Korean J Educ Psychol. 2004;18(4):33–49.
5. Park JH. A review of forgiveness psychological theory and education program. Korean J Hum Dev. 2006;13(1):117–134.
6. Enright RD. Human development study group. The moral development of forgiveness. In: Kurtines WM, Gewirtz JL, editors. Handbook of moral behavior and development: Vol 1 theory. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers; 1991. p. 123–152.
7. North J. Wrongdoing and forgiveness. Philos. 1987;62(242):499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003181910003905XArticle
8. Coyle CT, Enright RD. Forgiveness intervention with postabortion men. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997;65(6):1042–1046.Article PubMed
9. Lee HS. The understanding and the application of family resilience from the christian spirituality perspective. J Church Soc Work. 2009;11:7–37.
10. Reed GL, Enright RD. The effects of forgiveness therapy on depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress for women after spousal emotional abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006;74(5):920–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.920Article PubMed
11. Ahn YS, Jun HJ. The effects of alcoholic family's resilience on family adaptation. J Fam Relat. 2010;15(3):155–174.
12. Park YR, Hyun MH. The effect of forgiveness therapy on the negative affects and subjective well-being of adult child. Korean J Youth Stud. 2012;19(2):275–297.
13. Chang WS. The effects of the group forgiveness program on anger, anxiety and depression for female elders. J Korean Gerontol Soc. 2010;30(1):109–126.
14. Tae YS, Youn SJ. Effects of a forgiveness nursing intervention program on hope and quality of life in woman cancer patients. J Korean Oncol Nurs. 2006;6(2):111–120.
15. Wagnild GM, Young HM. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience scale. J Nurs Meas. 1993;1(2):165–178.PubMed
16. Kim HK, Lee MH. Factors influencing resilience of adult children of alcoholics among college students. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2011;41(5):642–651. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.642Article PubMed
17. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1965.
18. Lee GS, Yom YH. Structural equation modeling on life-world integration in people with severe burns. Asian Nurs Res. 2013;7(3):112–119.Article
19. Howden JW. Development and psychometric characteristics of the spiritual assessment scale [dissertation]. Denton, TX, Texas Woman's University. 1992.
20. Oh PJ, Chun HS, So WS. Spiritual assessment scale: Psychometric evaluation of the Korean version. J Korean Oncol Nurs. 2001;1(2):168–179.
21. Kim KS. Forgiveness psychological and education program. Paju: Korean Studies Information; 2007.
22. Enright RD. Forgiveness is a choice: A step-by-step process for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2001.
23. Broyles LC. Resilience: Its relationships to forgiveness in older adults [dissertation]. Knoxville, TN, University of Tennessee. 2005.
24. Seligman MEP. Kim IJ . Positive psychology. Anyang: Mulpure; 2009.
25. Palmer N. Resilience in adult children of alcoholics: A nonpathological approach to social work practice. Health Soc Work. 1997;22(3):201–209.Article PubMed
26. Rutter M. Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1987;57(3):316–331.Article PubMed
27. Freedman SR, Enright RD. Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(5):983–992.Article PubMed
28. Hepp-Dax SH. Forgiveness as an educational goal with fifth-grade inner city children [dissertation]. New York, NY, Fordham University. 1996.
29. Romero C, Friedman LC, Kalidas M, Elledge R, Chang J, Liscum KR. Self-forgiveness, spirituality, and psychological adjustment in women with breast cancer. J Behav Med. 2006;29(1):29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-005-9038-zArticle PubMed PDF
30. Kim HO. 12 steps for addiction treatment. 5th ed. Uiwang: Keyo Medical Center; 2010.
31. Enright RD, Fitzgibbons RP. Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2000.

Table 1

Homogeneity of General Characteristics (N=29)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 2

Homogeneity of Dependent Variables (N=29)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3

Differences in Dependent Variables between Experimental and Control Groups (N=29)

p≤ .05; Difference=Post-Pre; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4

Follow up Test of Intervention Group (Persistence Effect Verification) (N=14)

p≤ .05.

Table 5

Contents of Forgiveness Therapy

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Effectiveness of Forgiveness Therapy on Resilience, Self-esteem, and Spirituality of Wives of Alcoholics

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014;44(3):237-247. Published online June 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.3.237

XML Download

We recommend

Effectiveness of Forgiveness Therapy on Resilience, Self-esteem, and Spirituality of Wives of Alcoholics

Table 1

Homogeneity of General Characteristics (N=29)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 2

Homogeneity of Dependent Variables (N=29)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3

Differences in Dependent Variables between Experimental and Control Groups (N=29)

p≤ .05; Difference=Post-Pre; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4

Follow up Test of Intervention Group (Persistence Effect Verification) (N=14)

p≤ .05.

Table 5

Contents of Forgiveness Therapy

Table 1 Homogeneity of General Characteristics (N=29)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 2 Homogeneity of Dependent Variables (N=29)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3 Differences in Dependent Variables between Experimental and Control Groups (N=29)

p≤ .05; Difference=Post-Pre; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4 Follow up Test of Intervention Group (Persistence Effect Verification) (N=14)