HeeSook Kim; Sue Kim

doi:10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.69

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Original Article
Effects of an Integrated Self-Management Program on Self-Management, Glycemic Control, and Maternal Identity in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: HeeSook Kim, Sue Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2013;43(1):69-80.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.69
Published online: February 28, 2013

¹Department of Nursing, Dongnam Health College, Suwon, Korea.

²College of Nursing · Nursing Policy Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, HeeSook. Department of Nursing, Dongnam Health College, 50 Cheoncheon-ro 74-gil, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 440-714, Korea. Tel: +82-31-249-6657, Fax: +82-31-249-6480, khs0204@dongnam.ac.kr, kimhs02041@hotmail.com

• Received: April 11, 2012 • Accepted: October 10, 2012

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Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of an integrated self-management program on self-management, glycemic control, and maternal identity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods
A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design was used. A total of 55 women with GDM were recruited from Cheil General Hospital, Seoul, Korea and were assigned to an experimental (n=28) or control group (n=27). The participants were 24-30 weeks pregnant women who had been diagnosed with GDM as of July 30, 2010. The program was conducted as a 1 hour small group meeting 3 out of 5 times and by telephone-counseling 2 out of 5 times. The integrated self-management program was verified by an expert panel.
Results
Although there was no significant reduction in HbA1c (U= -1.17, p=.238), there were statistically significant increases in self-management (U= -3.80, p<.001) and maternal identity (U= -4.48, p<.001), and decreased 2-h postprandial glucose levels (U= -2.43, p<.015) in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that an integrated self-management program for women with GDM improves self-management, maternal identity, and glycemic control. Further studies are needed to identify the effects of an integrated self-management program on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes; Self-management; Maternal-child nursing

This manuscript is a condensed form of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Yonsei University.

This study was supported by the Seoul Nurses Association fund in 2010.

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Figure 1

Theoretical framework of study.

Table 1

Research Design

C1, E1 (Pretest)=Self-management, Glycemic control (PP2, HbA1c), Maternal identity, general characteristics; C2, E2 (3rd week)=Glycemic control (PP2); C3, E3 (Posttest)=Self-management, Glycemic control (PP2), Maternal identity; C4, E4 (Post-2nd week)=Glycemic control (HbA1c); X=Integrated self-management program (total 5 times).

Table 2

Contents of the Integrated Self-Management Program

GDM=Gestational diabetes mellitus; SMBG=Self monitoring of blood glucose.

Table 3

Homogeneity Test of Characteristics for the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; GDM=Gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI=Body mass index.

^*Fisher's exact test; ^†2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria; ^‡Normal range.

Table 4

Homogeneity Test of Dependent Variables for the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; PP2=2-hour postprandial glucose; HbA1c=Hemoglobin A1c.

^*Normal range.

Table 5

Differences in Dependent Variables between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; SMBG=Self-monitoring of blood glucose; PP2=2-hour postprandial glucose; HbA1c=Hemoglobin A1c.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Effects of an Integrated Self-Management Program on Self-Management, Glycemic Control, and Maternal Identity in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013;43(1):69-80. Published online February 28, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.69

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Effects of an Integrated Self-Management Program on Self-Management, Glycemic Control, and Maternal Identity in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 1 Theoretical framework of study.

Figure 1

Effects of an Integrated Self-Management Program on Self-Management, Glycemic Control, and Maternal Identity in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Research Design

Table 2

Contents of the Integrated Self-Management Program

GDM=Gestational diabetes mellitus; SMBG=Self monitoring of blood glucose.

Table 3

Homogeneity Test of Characteristics for the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; GDM=Gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI=Body mass index.

^*Fisher's exact test; ^†2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria; ^‡Normal range.

Table 4

Homogeneity Test of Dependent Variables for the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; PP2=2-hour postprandial glucose; HbA1c=Hemoglobin A1c.

^*Normal range.

Table 5

Differences in Dependent Variables between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; SMBG=Self-monitoring of blood glucose; PP2=2-hour postprandial glucose; HbA1c=Hemoglobin A1c.

Table 1 Research Design

Table 2 Contents of the Integrated Self-Management Program

GDM=Gestational diabetes mellitus; SMBG=Self monitoring of blood glucose.

Table 3 Homogeneity Test of Characteristics for the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; GDM=Gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI=Body mass index.

^*Fisher's exact test; ^†2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria; ^‡Normal range.

Table 4 Homogeneity Test of Dependent Variables for the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; PP2=2-hour postprandial glucose; HbA1c=Hemoglobin A1c.

^*Normal range.

Table 5 Differences in Dependent Variables between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=55)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; SMBG=Self-monitoring of blood glucose; PP2=2-hour postprandial glucose; HbA1c=Hemoglobin A1c.