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Original Article
- Factors Influencing Problem and Pathological Gambling in Participants of Horse Race Gambling
- Mi-Yeul Hyun, Ok-Hee Cho
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2012;42(4):589-598.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.589
Published online: August 31, 2012
College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea.
- Address reprint requests to: Cho, Ok-Hee. College of Nursing, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Korea. Tel: +82-64-754-3887, Fax: +82-64-702-2686, ohcho@jejunu.ac.kr
• Received: November 11, 2011 • Accepted: July 27, 2012
© 2012 Korean Society of Nursing Science
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Abstract
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Purpose
- The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for pathological gambling of horse race participants.
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Methods
- The participants, 508 horse race gamblers, completed the DSM-IV criteria of pathological gambling, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and Symptom Checklist-47-Revision (SCL-47-R). Data were analyzed using t-test, χ2-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analyses. Behaviors related to horse racing, alcohol abuse, and mental health were analyzed between problem or pathological gamblers compared to recreational gamblers.
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Results
- The prevalence rates of recreational, problem, and pathological gambling were 36.6%, 39.4%, and 24.0%, respectively. Frequency of gambling (≥4/day), frequency of racetrack visiting (≥3/month), accompaniment (alone), and mental health (SCL-47-R scores) were all associated with increased risks of problem and pathological gambling. Expenditure on betting (≥200,000 won/day) and alcohol abuse (AUDIT-K 8-20 scores) group members had higher levels of gambling pathology than recreational gamblers.
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Conclusion
- Problem and pathological gambling are highly associated with alcohol abuse and mental health disorders, suggesting that clinicians should carefully evaluate this population.
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REFERENCES
Table 3Comparison of Alcohol Abuse and Mental Health among Recreational, Problem, and Pathological Gamblers (N=508)
Table 4Risk Factors of Problem and Pathological Gambling by Using Univariate Analysis (N=508)
OR=odds ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; AUDIT-K=Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test; SCL-47-R=symptom checklist-47-revision.
Reference group: 1. gender: female, 2. age: ≤ 40 years, 3. education:< university, 4. employment: employed, 5. residence of Jeju province: non-residents, 6. age at first gambling:< 30 years, 7. frequency of gambling:< 4/day, 8. frequency of visits to racetrack:< 3/month, 9. expenditure on betting:< 200,000 won/day, 10. accompaniment: friend (s)/colleague or family.
Table 5Risk Factors of Problem and Pathological Gambling by Multivariate Analysis (N=508)
OR=odds ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; AUDIT-K=Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test; SCL-47-R=symptom checklist-47-revision.
Reference group: 1. residence of Jeju province: non-residents, 2. frequency of gambling:< 4/day, 3. frequency of visits to racetrack:< 3/month, 4. accompaniment: friend (s)/colleague or family, 5. expenditure on betting:< 200,000 won/day, 6. alcohol abuse: AUDIT-K ≤ 7 scores.
Figure & Data
REFERENCES
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XML DownloadFactors Influencing Problem and Pathological Gambling in Participants of Horse Race Gambling
Factors Influencing Problem and Pathological Gambling in Participants of Horse Race Gambling
Demographic Characteristics of Recreational, Problem, and Pathological Gamblers (N=508)
Betting-related Behaviors of Recreational, Problem, and Pathological Gamblers (N=508)
Comparison of Alcohol Abuse and Mental Health among Recreational, Problem, and Pathological Gamblers (N=508)
AUDIT-K=Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test; SCL-47-R=symptom checklist-47-revision.
*There were significant differences in all results of post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni test) between groups (p < .05).
Risk Factors of Problem and Pathological Gambling by Using Univariate Analysis (N=508)
OR=odds ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; AUDIT-K=Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test; SCL-47-R=symptom checklist-47-revision.
Reference group: 1. gender: female, 2. age: ≤ 40 years, 3. education:< university, 4. employment: employed, 5. residence of Jeju province: non-residents, 6. age at first gambling:< 30 years, 7. frequency of gambling:< 4/day, 8. frequency of visits to racetrack:< 3/month, 9. expenditure on betting:< 200,000 won/day, 10. accompaniment: friend (s)/colleague or family.
Risk Factors of Problem and Pathological Gambling by Multivariate Analysis (N=508)
OR=odds ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; AUDIT-K=Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test; SCL-47-R=symptom checklist-47-revision.
Reference group: 1. residence of Jeju province: non-residents, 2. frequency of gambling:< 4/day, 3. frequency of visits to racetrack:< 3/month, 4. accompaniment: friend (s)/colleague or family, 5. expenditure on betting:< 200,000 won/day, 6. alcohol abuse: AUDIT-K ≤ 7 scores.
Table 1
Demographic Characteristics of Recreational, Problem, and Pathological Gamblers (N=508)
Table 2
Betting-related Behaviors of Recreational, Problem, and Pathological Gamblers (N=508)
Table 3
Comparison of Alcohol Abuse and Mental Health among Recreational, Problem, and Pathological Gamblers (N=508)
AUDIT-K=Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test; SCL-47-R=symptom checklist-47-revision. *There were significant differences in all results of post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni test) between groups (
Table 4
Risk Factors of Problem and Pathological Gambling by Using Univariate Analysis (N=508)
OR=odds ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; AUDIT-K=Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test; SCL-47-R=symptom checklist-47-revision. Reference group: 1. gender: female, 2. age: ≤ 40 years, 3. education:< university, 4. employment: employed, 5. residence of Jeju province: non-residents, 6. age at first gambling:< 30 years, 7. frequency of gambling:< 4/day, 8. frequency of visits to racetrack:< 3/month, 9. expenditure on betting:< 200,000 won/day, 10. accompaniment: friend (s)/colleague or family.
Table 5
Risk Factors of Problem and Pathological Gambling by Multivariate Analysis (N=508)
OR=odds ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; AUDIT-K=Korean version of alcohol use disorders identification test; SCL-47-R=symptom checklist-47-revision. Reference group: 1. residence of Jeju province: non-residents, 2. frequency of gambling:< 4/day, 3. frequency of visits to racetrack:< 3/month, 4. accompaniment: friend (s)/colleague or family, 5. expenditure on betting:< 200,000 won/day, 6. alcohol abuse: AUDIT-K ≤ 7 scores.
