Je-Bog Yoo; Min-Jung Kim; Soo-Hyun Cho; Yoo-Jung Shin; Nam-Cho Kim

doi:10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.333

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Original Article
The Effects of Pre-operative Visual Information and Parental Presence Intervention on Anxiety, Delirium, and Pain of Post-Operative Pediatric Patients in PACU: Je-Bog Yoo, Min-Jung Kim, Soo-Hyun Cho, Yoo-Jung Shin, Nam-Cho Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2012;42(3):333-341.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.333
Published online: June 29, 2012

¹Nurse Manager, Samsung Medical Center PACU, Seoul, Korea.

²Nurse, Samsung Medical Center PACU, Seoul, Korea.

³Nurse Director, Samsung Medical Center Operating Room, Seoul, Korea.

⁴Professor, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Nam-Cho. College of Nursing, The Catholic University, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-7405, Fax: +82-2-2258-7772, kncpjo@catholic.ac.kr

• Received: September 19, 2011 • Accepted: May 23, 2012

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to test whether pre-operative visual information and parental presence had positive effects on anxiety, delirium, and pain in pediatric patients who awoke from general anesthesia in a post-surgical stage.
Methods
This study used a non equivalent control-group post test design (n=76). Independent variables were provision of pre-operative visual information and parental presence for post-surgical pediatric patients in PACU (post anesthesia care unit). Dependent variables were anxiety, delirium, and pain in the pediatric patients measured three times at 10 minute intervals after extubation in the PACU. Measurements included Numerical Rating Scale for assessing state anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale by Sikich & Lerman (2004) for delirium, and Objective Pain Scale by Broadman, Rice & Hannallah (1988) for pain.
Results
Experimental group showed significantly decreased state anxiety at time points-10, 20, and 30 minutes after extubation. Delirium was significantly lower at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after extubation in the experimental group. Pain was significantly lower at 10 minutes after extubation in the experimental group.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that this intervention can be a safe pre-operative nursing intervention for post-surgical pediatric patients at PACU.
Keywords: Recovery room; Child; Anxiety; Delirium; Pain

REFERENCES

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Figure 1

Research design.

Table 1

General Characteristics of Participants (N=76)

^*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 2

Surgery related Characteristics

^*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3

The Scores of State Anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium and Pain after Intervention

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4

Scores of State Anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale, Pain after Intervention using Repeated Measures ANOVA

NRS=Numerical Rating Scale; PAEDS=Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale; OPS=Objective Pain Scale.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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The Effects of Pre-operative Visual Information and Parental Presence Intervention on Anxiety, Delirium, and Pain of Post-Operative Pediatric Patients in PACU

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2012;42(3):333-341. Published online June 29, 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.333

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The Effects of Pre-operative Visual Information and Parental Presence Intervention on Anxiety, Delirium, and Pain of Post-Operative Pediatric Patients in PACU

Figure 1 Research design.

Figure 1

The Effects of Pre-operative Visual Information and Parental Presence Intervention on Anxiety, Delirium, and Pain of Post-Operative Pediatric Patients in PACU

Table 1

General Characteristics of Participants (N=76)

^*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 2

Surgery related Characteristics

^*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3

The Scores of State Anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium and Pain after Intervention

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4

Scores of State Anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale, Pain after Intervention using Repeated Measures ANOVA

NRS=Numerical Rating Scale; PAEDS=Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale; OPS=Objective Pain Scale.

Table 1 General Characteristics of Participants (N=76)

^*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 2 Surgery related Characteristics

^*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3 The Scores of State Anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium and Pain after Intervention

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4 Scores of State Anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale, Pain after Intervention using Repeated Measures ANOVA

NRS=Numerical Rating Scale; PAEDS=Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale; OPS=Objective Pain Scale.