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Validity and Reliability of the Clinical Teaching Behavior Inventory (CTBI) for Nurse Preceptors in Korea
Myun Sook Jung, Eun Gyung Kim, Se Young Kim, Jong Kyung Kim, Sun Ju You
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):526-537.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.526
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Clinical Teaching Behavior Inventory (CTBI).

Methods

The English CTBI-23 was translated into Korean with forward and backward translation. Survey data were collected from 280 nurses’ preceptors at five acute-care hospitals in Korea. Content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Cronbach's α was used to assess reliability. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 22.0 software was used for data analysis.

Results

The CTBI Korean version consists of 22 items in six domains, including being committed to teaching, building a learning atmosphere, using appropriate teaching strategies, guiding inter-professional communication, providing feedback and evaluation, and showing concern and support. One of the items in the CTBI was excluded with a standardized factor loading of less than .05. The confirmatory factor analysis supported good fit and reliable scores for the Korean version of the CTBI model. A six-factor structure was validated (χ 2=366.30, p<.001, CMIN/df=2.0, RMSEA=.06, RMR=.03, SRMR=.05, GFI=.90, IFI=.94, TLI=.92, CFI=.94). The criterion validity of the core competency evaluation tool for preceptors was .77 (p<.001). The Cronbach's α for the overall scale was .93, and the six subscales ranged from .72 to .85.

Conclusion

The Korean version CTBI-22 is a valid and reliable instrument for identifying the clinical teaching behaviors of preceptors in Korea. The CTBI-22 also could be used as a guide for the effective teaching behavior of preceptors, which can help new nurses adapt to the practicalities of nursing.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors influencing preceptor nurses' clinical teaching behavior: A cross-sectional study
    Kyeong Hye Kim, Sujin Shin
    Nurse Education Today.2025; 146: 106555.     CrossRef
  • The development and validation of a nurse preceptor core competency scale: A culturally compatible methodological study
    Tzu-Ting Chen, Chia-Chi Hsiao, Hsing-Ju Lu, Yea-Jyh Chen, Chang-Chiao Hung
    Nurse Education Today.2025; 150: 106705.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Newly Graduated Nurses' Perceived Nursing Practice Readiness, Resilience, and Preceptors' Teaching Behavior on Turnover Intention
    Jinhee Kim, Eunhee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(2): 167.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of translation teaching skills in colleges and universities based on deep learning
    Yan Liu, Shuhua Li, Dan Cui
    Computers in Human Behavior.2024; 157: 108212.     CrossRef
  • An analysis of the educational needs priorities for clinical nurse educators: Utilizing the Borich needs assessment and the locus for focus model
    Sujin Shin, Eunmin Hong, Jiyoung Do, Miji Lee
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(4): 405.     CrossRef
  • The relationships between clinical teaching behaviour and transition shock in newly graduated nurses
    Bei Yun, Qian Su, Xuchun Ye, Yuhan Wu, Lian Chen, Yamei Zuo, Jia Liu, Lin Han
    Nursing Open.2023; 10(4): 2107.     CrossRef
  • Content Analysis of Feedback Journals for New Nurses From Preceptor Nurses Using Text Network Analysis
    Shin Hye Ahn, Hye Won Jeong
    CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2023; 41(10): 780.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Roles and Outcomes of Nurse Educators in Hospitals: A Scoping Review
    Soyoung Kim, Sujin Shin, Inyoung Lee
    Korean Medical Education Review.2023; 25(1): 55.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Preceptors’ Clinical Teaching Behavior on the Field Adaptation of New Graduate Nurses: Mediating Effects of Self-Leadership and Resilience
    Eunjung Kim, Eungyung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(5): 577.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Preceptors' Teaching Behavior on New Graduate Nurses' Intention to Stay: The Mediating Effect of Resilience and Organizational Socialization
    Eungyung Kim, Eunha Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(1): 57.     CrossRef
  • Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the Effects of a Preceptor Reflective Practice Program: A Mixed-Method Research
    Heui-Seon Kim, Hye-Won Jeong, Deok Ju, Jung-A Lee, Shin-Hye Ahn
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 13755.     CrossRef
  • Types of Role Perception of Preceptors for New Nurses: A Q Methodology Approach
    Sukyung Kim, Byoungsook Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2021; 27(3): 204.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Nurses’ Preceptorship Experience in Educating New Graduate Nurses and Preceptor Training Courses on Clinical Teaching Behavior
    Kyung Jin Hong, Hyo-Jeong Yoon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3): 975.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Menorah Park Engagement Scale (K-MPES) for Patients with Dementia
    Ye-Na Lee, Eunhye Jeong, Sung Ok Chang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(2): 200.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale Short form for Patients with Dementia
    Young-Rim Choi, Ye-Na Lee, Eunhye Jeong, Sung Ok Chang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2020; 27(2): 164.     CrossRef
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  • 7 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version Scale of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale (CLES+T)
Sun-Hee Kim, So Yeon Yoo, Yae Young Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):70-84.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.70
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher evaluation scale (CLES+T) that measures the clinical learning environment and the conditions associated with supervision and nurse teachers.

Methods

The English CLES+T was translated into Korean with forward and back translation. Survey data were collected from 434 nursing students who had more than four days of clinical practice in Korean hospitals. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were conducted. SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs were used for data analysis.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis revealed seven factors for the thirty three-item scale. Confirmatory factor analysis supported good convergent and discriminant validities. The Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was .94 and for the seven subscales ranged from .78 to .94.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the 33-items Korean CLES+T is an appropriate instrument to measure Korean nursing students'clinical learning environment with good validity and reliability.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Research progress of measuring tools for nursing students’ clinical learning environment
    Yun Xu, Qing Wang, Qi Wei
    Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development of the Hybrid Clinical Practicum Environment Scale for Nursing Students
    Seoyoung Yoon, Hye-Ah Yeom
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 340.     CrossRef
  • Personal Factors and Clinical Learning Environment as Predictors of Nursing Students' Readiness for Practice: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
    Taewha Lee, Su Jeong Lee, Yea Seul Yoon, Hyunju Ji, Sookhee Yoon, SangA Lee, Yoonjung Ji
    Asian Nursing Research.2023; 17(1): 44.     CrossRef
  • Clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher (CLES+T) scale: Translation and validation of the Arabic version
    Khadija Guejdad, Ali Ikrou, Camilla Strandell-Laine, Redouane Abouqal, Jihane Belayachi
    Nurse Education in Practice.2022; 63: 103374.     CrossRef
  • The clinical learning environment, supervision and future intention to work as a nurse in nursing students: a cross-sectional and descriptive study
    Juxia Zhang, Linda Shields, Bin Ma, Yuhuan Yin, Jiancheng Wang, Rong Zhang, Xueke Hui
    BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Validation of the Korean Version of the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale: A Methodological Study
    Jina Oh, Haeryun Cho, Yae Young Kim, So Yeon Yoo
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3): 1080.     CrossRef
  • Are Traditional and Simulated Clinical Environments Meeting Nursing Students’ Learning Needs?
    Kim Leighton, Suzan Kardong-Edgren, Gregory E. Gilbert
    Clinical Simulation in Nursing.2021; 59: 85.     CrossRef
  • Clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher scale (CLES+T): Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version
    Rong Zhao, Lu Xiao, Roger Watson, Yanhua Chen
    Nurse Education Today.2021; 106: 105058.     CrossRef
  • Testing the measurement invariance of the Korean clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher (CLES+t) scale
    Sun-Hee Kim, Yae Young Kim, So Yeon Yoo
    Nurse Education Today.2021; 107: 105140.     CrossRef
  • Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Indonesian Version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher Scale (CLES + T)
    Christine L. Sommers, Ian Ruddy Mambu, Lisa McKenna, Sonia Reisenhofer, Julie McCaughan
    Journal of Nursing Measurement.2021; 29(1): E39.     CrossRef
  • The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and the Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale: Turkish Version
    Emine Iyigun, Sevinc Tastan, Hatice Ayhan, Berrin Pazar, Yasemin Eda Tekin, Halise Coskun, Mikko Saarikoski
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Structural Model of Professional Socialization of Nursing Students With Clinical Practice Experience
    Soo-yeon Kim, Yong Soon Shin
    Journal of Nursing Education.2020; 59(3): 133.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of Nursing Student Perceptions of Dishonesty Scale
    Hee-Yeong Woo, Jeongwon Han
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2020; 27(2): 176.     CrossRef
  • Nursing Students' Practice Experience on Community Visiting Nursing
    Jae-Hyun Ha, Jeong-Hee Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(1): 43.     CrossRef
  • The clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher scale (CLES+T): psychometric properties measured in the context of postgraduate nursing education
    Dorota Ozga, Aleksandra Gutysz-Wojnicka, Bogumił Lewandowski, Beata Dobrowolska
    BMC Nursing.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluating clinical placements in Saudi Arabia with the CLES+T scale
    Norah A. Al-Anazi, Dalyal Alosaimi, Isabelita Pandaan, Denis Anthony, Sue Dyson
    Nurse Education in Practice.2019; 39: 11.     CrossRef
  • 527 View
  • 20 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref
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Application and Effectiveness of a Preceptorship for the Improvement of Clinical Education
Won Hee Lee, So Sun Kim, Shin Hi Han, So Yon Lee, Gi Yon Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1995;25(3):581-596.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1995.25.3.581
AbstractAbstract PDF

Clinical practice in nursing education provides an opportunity for students, through the process of applying theoretical knowledge to practice, and to learn nursing skills as well as being socialized into nursing and as such decrease the reality shock of actual nursing practice. Because of a shortage of nursing faculty, the job of achieving the objectives of the clinical practice had been turned over to the head nurses. This resulted in many problems, such as, unclear location of responsibilities and inadequate feedback from head nurses. Therefore this study was done to introduce and evaluate the use of preceptors as a way to minimize the above problems, and to maximize the achievement of the clinical practice objectives. Using an adaptation of Zerbe's (1991) three-tiered team model, clinical practice was done using a preceptor, a head nurse and a clinical instructor, each with different and well defined roles. The subjects of this study were 67 senior students of the College of Nursing of Y University in Seoul whose clinical practice in adult nursing was carried out between May 1, 1994 and December 8, 1994. There were 22 preceptors who had at least two years of clinical experience and who were recommended by their head nurses. They were given additional education on the philosophy and objectives of the College of Nursing, on communication skills, on the theory and practice of education, and on nursing diagnosis and education evaluation. The role of the preceptor was to work one-to-one with students in their practice. The role of the head nurse was to supervise and evaluate the preceptors. The role of the clinical instructor was to provide the education program for the preceptors, to provide advice and suggestions to the preceptors and to maintain lines of communication with the college. With each of these roles in place, it was thought that the effectiveness and efficiency of the clinical practice could be increased significantly. To evaluate the effectiveness of the precep-torship, the three-tiered model, Lowery's Teacher Evaluation Opinion Form translated and adapted to Korea was used to measure student statisfaction. The Clinical Practice Compentency Evaluation Tool developed by Lee et al was also used to measure student competencies. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The satisfaction with clinical practice was higher with the introduction of the perceptors than it was before they were used. (t=-5.96, p=<.005) 2. The clinical practice competencies were higher with the introduction of the preceptors than it was before they were used(t= -5.13, p<.005) 3. In order to analyze areas not measured by the quantitative tools additional analysis of the open questions was done. The results of this analysis showed that: 1) The students felt positive about their sense of security, confidence, handling of responsbility, and being systematic. They also felt positive about improvements in knowledge, opportunities for direct care, and socialization. 2) The students felt negative about the technical part of their role, lack of knowledge by the preceptor, unprofessional attitudes on the part of the preceptor, difficulty in the role of the professional nurse (student). 3) The preceptors felt positive about their responsibility, motivation, and relationship with the college. 4) The preceptors felt negative about their burden. Introduction of the preceptorship model will lead to change and improvement in the negative factors discussed above, solve problems in the present clinical education system, increase continuity in the education of the students, help with socialization of the students and motivation of the preceptors to upgrade their education and increase their confidence. These objectives must be obtained to further the development of professional nursing, and thus, making the preceptorship a reality is our job for the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Students’ Evaluation of Practice Sites and Preceptors in Pharmacy Experiential Education
    Jeong-Hyun Yoon, Hae Sun Suh, Nam Kyung Je
    Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.2017; 27(2): 69.     CrossRef
  • 125 View
  • 1 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Content Analysis of the Experience of Preceptors in Clinical Education for Senior Student Nurses
Hea Kung Hur, Sang Soon Choi, Yang Heui Ahn, Young Mi Lim, Yun Hee Shin, So Mi Park, Gi Yon Kim, Hee Young Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(5):859-868.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.5.859
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify experiences of nurses who served as preceptors in clinical education for senior student nurses in a college of medicine in Wonju city.

Method

Data was collected from 20 preceptors instructing senior student nurses in 2001 using a self-completion questionnaire. To analyze data, content analysis was done using an analysis scheme developed by the investigators.

Result

The analysis scheme consisted of 7 categories and 25 subcategories. 135 significant statements were analyzed and categorized. Preceptors indicated that they were role models, socialization facilitators and educators while instructing students in the clinical practicum. In performing the preceptors' role, preceptors reported that their most important change was self-enhancement,and positive experience was a constructive work atmosphere. The most important factor facilitating the preceptors' role performance was support from head nurses, and the most discouraging factor was work loads.

Conclusion

This study suggests that interventions for encouragement and socialization of preceptors should be developed to promote clinical education for senior student nurses.

Citations

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  • Development of a field training instructor model through analysis of satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors of field training for dental technology students
    Sun-Kyoung Lee
    Journal of Korean Acedemy of Dental Technology.2024; 46(4): 174.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Nurses’ Preceptorship Experience in Educating New Graduate Nurses and Preceptor Training Courses on Clinical Teaching Behavior
    Kyung Jin Hong, Hyo-Jeong Yoon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3): 975.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Instructors' Role Experience in College of Nursing
    Hyunju Kang, Kyung-Sook Bang, Ji-Sun Park, Juyoun Yu, Inju Hwang
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(3): 443.     CrossRef
  • Study on Clinical Education for Nursing in Hospitals in Korea
    Jiho Song, Miwon Kim
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2013; 19(2): 251.     CrossRef
  • The Role Experience of Preceptor Nurses in Hospitals
    Se Young Kim, Jong Kyung Kim, Kwang-Ok Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2012; 18(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Track Faculty: Merits and Issues
    Won-Hee Lee, Cho Ja Kim, Young Sook Roh, Hyunsook Shin, Mi Ja Kim
    Journal of Professional Nursing.2007; 23(1): 5.     CrossRef
  • 131 View
  • 1 Download
  • 6 Crossref
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