Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Influential Factors of Complicated Grief of Bereaved Spouses from Cancer Patient: So Myeong Kim, So Hi Kown; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):59-69. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.59

Abstract PDF: Abstract Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate variables and construct paths that affect complicated grief.
Methods
Participants in this cross-sectional, descriptive study were 164 bereaved spouses of cancer patients at least 12 months before the death. Data were collected from October 2016 to February 2017 using self-report structured questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0.
Results
The variables affecting complicated grief of bereaved spouses of cancer patients were the quality of end-of-life care (g=.15, p<.001), preparedness for death (b=-.06, p=.005), and coping with bereavement (b=-.24, p<.001), whereas the quality of death and dying did not show any effects. Preparedness for death had multiple mediating effects in the relationship between the quality of end-of-life care and complicated grief (z=-2.20, p=.028), and in the relationship between the quality of end-of-life care and coping with bereavement (z=2.11, p=.035). Coping with bereavement had a mediating effect on the relationship between preparedness for death and complicated grief (z=-2.39, p=.017).
Conclusion
This study revealed that preparedness for death and coping with bereavement play a prominent role in complicated grief. Therefore, it is important to help in preparing for death and enhancing coping with bereavement of spouses providing end-of-life care to cancer patients. In addition, investigating cultural differences in the relationship between the quality of end-of-life care and complicated grief is recommended.

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Grief, Family Hardiness and Family Resource for Management after Bereavement of Family Member: Mi Young Chon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(6):1569-1579. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.6.1569

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of grief experience, family hardiness and family resource for management after bereavement of a family member. The subjects of this study were 100 family members who had lost a family member from cancer within the past two years. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation. The results were as follows. 1. The mean score for the level of grief was 2.84 +/- 0.66. The mean score for the a family hardiness was 3.08 +/- 0.39. The mean score for the level of family resource management was 2.70 +/- 0.35. 2. The level of grief experience differed according to respondent's age was F=2.95, p=.02, and type of bereavement was t=2.01, p=.04. 3. The level of family hardiness was not significantly different according to respondent's and familial characteristics. 4. The level of family resource management differed according to monthly income of the family (F=3.98, p=.01). 5. There were negative correlations between grief experience and family hardiness (r= -.551, p<.001), grief experience and family resource for management (r=-.351, p<.001). Family hardiness was positively related with family resource for management (r=.709, p<.001). In conclusion, family hardiness and family resource management were identified as important variables that contributed to reduce the grief experience. Therefore, it is important to develop nursing intervention that enhances family hardiness and family resource for management for bereaved family.

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Effects of a Bereavement Intervention Program on Depression and Life Satisfaction in Middle Aged Widows in Korea: Yang Sook Yoo, Hee Young Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(8):1367-1373. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.8.1367

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was designed to examine the effects of a bereavement intervention program on levels of depression and life satisfaction in middle aged widows in Korea.
Methods
A quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control-group pretest-posttest was used. The subjects (control group, n = 10; intervention group, n = 17) were bereaved less than 6 months in G City and J Province, Korea. The bereavement intervention program consisted of Dan-jeon breathing, self-help group activities and a health examination. The experimental group attended 10 sessions of a bereavement intervention program. The control group had a health examination without the intervention program. For both groups, the level of depression and life satisfaction levels were measured before and after the experiment.
Results
The decrement of depression level in the experimental group was significantly greater than in the control group (p<.001). The increment in life satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly greater than in the control group (p<.001).
Conclusion
The results suggested that the bereavement intervention program was effective in decreasing level of depression and in increasing the life satisfaction of widows. Accordingly, a bereavement intervention program can be applied as an intervention to help widows.

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