Changing concepts of health care, are stimulating the demand for health care, thereby orienting society to health care rights to such an extent that they are deemed as fundamental ones inalienable to man. Concomitantly, qualitative as well as quantative improvement is being sought in the nursing service field. Today, efforts are being made in various areas, especially to qualitatively improve nursing services. A second issue concerns proper staffing. It is important to study staffing, in as much as it continues to be the most persistent and critical problem facing hospital nursing administrators today. It involves quantity, quality, and utlization of nursing personnel A great deal of attention has been focused on this problem since mid 1930's when nursing services began to be felt as an important segment of hospital operation representing the largest single item of hospital budgets. Tra ditionally, the determination and allocation of nursing personnel resources has relied heavily on gloval approaches which make use of fixed staff-to-patient ratios. It has long been recognized that these ratios are insensitive to variations between institutions and among individual patients. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to point to the urgent need for the development of methodology and criteria suited to the reality of Korea. The present research selected one place, the W Christian Hospital, and was conducted over a period 10 days from January, and nurses who were them on duty in then unit. The total number of patients surveyed was 1,426 and that of 354. The research represents many variables affecting the direct patient care time using the result from the direct observation method, then using a calculation method to estimate the relationship between the patients care time and selected variables in the hospital setting. The amount of direct patient care time varies with many factors, such as the patients age, diagnosis and time in hospital. Differences are also found from hosptal, clinic to clinic, ward to ward, and even shift to shift. In this research, the calculation method of estimating the required member of nursing staff is obtained by dividing the time of productive patient care activity(with the time of patient care observed), by the sum of the productive time that each the staff can supply, i.e., 360 minutes, which is obtained by deducting the time for personal activities. The results indicate a substantial difference between the time of productive patient care observed directing and the time of the productive patient care estimated using calculating
method
. If we know accurately the time of the direct patient care on a shift, there required number of staff members calculated if the proper method can be determinded should be able the time of the direct patient care be estimated by the patient classification system, but this research has shown this system to be in accurate in Korea. There are differences in the recommended time of productive patient care and the required number of nursing staff depending upon which method is used. The calculated result is not very accurate, 90 more research is needed on the patient classification system.

Educational Administration, Graduate School of Education, Yonsei Unieersite Nursing education in Korea has made rapid progress recently. There is a great deal of support with approval and encouragement of this progress. However, much disapproval of its validity has asserted some restraints on it. The aims of nursing education should be based on the principle that education is pla- nned according to the need much research has been made with such a viewpoint bun much still remains unclear. The present study is aimed at establishing the needs for nursing manpower based on the biological demand for medical care. The needs for nursing manpower have been emphasized by many researchers and authorities on nursing education, and the prevailing medical trends also demand it. In this study, through the study of various books and records concerned, and the compiling of data analysis and questionnaires, I came to the following figures for the proposed needs of nursing manpower: Year 1971 1976 1981 1986 Proposed figure 58. 069 65. 055 72. 923 82.407 There figures are greater than those calculated by another method by the government research program but it shows approximately the same final figure as that of the gover- nment report for the end of the target year. With these findings, I concluded that; 1) As the final purpose of the government medical project is to fulfill the needs of the national health (that is, to support the national needs for medical care), the plan of this project should follow the theory of biological demand for medical care, reeogni zing that the numbers will increase gradually. 2) Qualitative growth, based on the advanced and specialized nursing profession, should be promoted to meet the rapid growth of the medical needs of the nation in addition to promoting of investments for the facilities, and of the preparatory investments for education needs. 3) For efficient and economic utilization of nursing manpower, the improvement of wages, and the offering of free education is necessary. 4) Amentments to the low promising innovation and advancement of medical treal- ment; preparation of a national fund for medical care; and, changing of national attitudes to bring about greater concern are desirable.