Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Paper

Exploring Spatial Variations and Factors associated with Walking Practice in Korea: An Empirical Study based on Geographically Weighted Regression: Kim, Eunjoo , Lee, Yeongseo , Yoon, Ju Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(4):426-438. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23045

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Walking practice is a representative indicator of the level of physical activity of local residents. Although the world health organization addressed reduction in prevalence of insufficient physical activity as a global target, the rate of walking practice in Korea has not improved and there are large regional disparities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial variations of walking practice and its associated factors in Korea.
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted using Community Health Outcome and Health Determinants Database 1.3 from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 229 districts was included in the analysis. We compared the ordinary least squares (OLS) and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) to explore the associated factors of walking practice. MGWR 2.2.1 software was used to explore the spatial distribution of walking practice and modeling the GWR.
Results
Walking practice had spatial variations across the country. The results showed that the GWR model had better accommodation of spatial autocorrelation than the OLS model. The GWR results indicated that different predictors of walking practice across regions of Korea.
Conclusion
The findings of this study may provide insight to nursing researchers, health professionals, and policy makers in planning health programs to promote walking practices in their respective communities.

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Original Articles

Development and Effects of Smartphone App-Based Walking Exercise Program for Taxi Drivers: Based on Bandura’s Self Efficacy Theory: Choi, Yun Ha , Chae, Min-Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):242-254. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.242

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of smart-phone app-based walking exercise programs for taxi drivers on self-efficacy and outcome expectations for exercise, health-related quality of life, walking as an exercise, and physiological indexes.
Methods
A nonequivalent control group with a pre-post-test design was used. The subjects were recruited in G metropolitan city. Subjects were assigned to the experimental (n=31) or control groups (n=30). The smart phone app-based walking exercise program consisted of educations via the app, twelve short message services, and one individual telephone counseling session, which was spread over 12 weeks.
Results
Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and health-related quality of life had significantly higher pre-post test differences in scores in the experimental group. Additionally, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference had significantly decreased prepost- test difference levels in the experimental group. Walking as an exercise (which consisted of days walked, number of steps walked, and amount of time walked) had significantly increased in the experimental group after 7~12 weeks in the period following the intervention program rather than 1~6 weeks after the program.
Conclusion
The smart phone app-based walking exercise program based on the self-efficacy theory demonstrates a significant effect on improving self-efficacy, outcome expectations physical activities, and health-related quality of life for taxi drivers. Therefore, it is recommended to actively use the program as a tool to promote self-efficacy, physical activities, and health behaviors in taxi drivers.

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A Mobile App for Comprehensive Symptom Management in People With Parkinson’s Disease
JuHee Lee, Yujin Suh, Eunyoung Kim, Subin Yoo, Yielin Kim
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring physical therapists’ approach to addressing home exercise program-related low self-efficacy: knowledge, strategies, and barriers
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Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Application to Prevent Recurrent Stroke by Enhancing Self-management on Health Outcomes for Stroke Survivors
Young Ju Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Hyun Goo Kang
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024; 42(1): 53. CrossRef
mHealth Interventions to Promote Physical Activity of Adults in Korea: Health Equity-Focused Systematic Review
Hana Kim, Jisan Lee
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(Suppl 1): S1. CrossRef
The Effectiveness of a mHealth Program Using Wearable Devices and Health Coaching among Bus Drivers for Promoting Physical Activity
Yeongmi Ha, Sang-Ho Lee, Suyeon Lee, Yeojoo Chae
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Effect of the SNS-Based Physical Activity-Related Psychological Intervention on Physical Activity and Psychological Constructs among Inactive University Students
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PERFORMANCE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN SEDENTARY PEOPLE’S AUTONOMY
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An eHealth intervention (ManGuard) to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in male taxi drivers: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 1014. CrossRef
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(22): 15278. CrossRef

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Applying Extended Theory of Planned Behavior for Lung Cancer Patients Undergone Pulmonary Resection: Effects on Self-Efficacy for Exercise, Physical Activities, Physical Function, and Quality of Life: Yeonjung Lim, Haejung Lee, Do Hyung Kim, Yeong Dae Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):66-80. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.66

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

This study aims to examine the effects of nursing interventions based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) regarding self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer who have undergone pulmonary resection.

Methods:

This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. The intervention included pre-operative patient education, goal setting (action and coping planning), and feedback (behavior intention and perceived behavioral control). The intervention group (IG) (n=51) received nursing interventions from the day before surgery to 12 months after lung resection, while the comparison group (CG) (n=36) received usual care. SEE, PA, PF (dyspnea, functional status, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]), and QOL were measured before surgery and at one, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, and generalized estimation equations (GEE).

Results:

There were significant differences between the two groups regarding SEE (χ²=13.53, p=.009), PA (χ²=9.51, p=.049), functional status (χ²=10.55, p=.032), and 6MWD (χ²=15.62, p=.004). Although there were no time or group effects, the QOL mental component (Z=-2.78, p=.005) of the IG was higher than that of the CG one month after surgery. Interventions did not affect dyspnea or the QOL physical component.

Conclusion

The intervention of this study was effective in improving SEE, PA, functional status, and 6MWD of lung cancer patients after lung resection. Further extended investigations that utilize ETPB are warranted to confirm these results.

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[Retracted] Dynamic Changes and Influencing Factors for the Quality of Life in Nursing Care after Lung Cancer Resection
Shuzhen Hu, Aihong Fang, Mohammad Farukh Hashmi
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Study on influence factors of public participation willingness in substation project based on integrated TPB-NAM model
Xin Ma, Junpeng Li, Fuli Guo, Caocao Cui, Tengfei Chen, Fan Xv, Wenbin Wang
Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Comparison of Effects of Oral Health Program and Walking Exercise Program on Health Outcomes for Pregnant Women: Hae-jin Park, Haejung Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):506-520. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.506

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To compare the effects of the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB)-based oral health program (OHP) and walking exercise program (WEP) on oral health behaviors, periodontal disease, physical activity, and psychological indicators (depression, stress, and quality of life) in pregnant women.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted to compare the effects of a 12-week OHP and WEP on pregnant women (n=65). Pregnant women were randomly assigned to the oral health group (OHG; n=23), walking exercise group (WEG; n=21), or control group (CG; n=21). Data were analyzed by the χ²-test, Fisher's exact test, Scheffe test, and repeated measures ANOVA, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (version 21.0).

Results

The OHG and WEG showed significant improvements in oral health behaviors, periodontal disease, and psychological indicators as compared to the CG. The WEG showed significant improvement in physical activity as compared to the OHG and CG.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the IMCHB-based OHP and WEP were effective in improving periodontal disease, physical activity, and psychological indicators. However, further studies are needed to identify the positive effects of the OHP and WEP on birth outcomes.

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Physical Activity as a Mediatior in the Relationship Between Oral Health Status and Prevalence of Diabetes in Older Adults
Min-Jun Kim, Taewan Kim, Youngyun Jin, Donghyun Kim
Exercise Science.2025; 34(1): 35. CrossRef
Twenty-first century knowledge mapping on oral diseases and physical activity/exercise, trends, gaps, and future perspectives: a bibliometric review
Thamires Campos Gomes, José Lucas Gomes Moura, Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva, Rafael Rodrigues Lima, Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Review of domestic and international intervention studies to improve oral health in pregnant women
Jun-Yeong Kwon, Hyoung-Joo Kim, Hanna Gu, Hee-Jung Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2024; 48(3): 155. CrossRef
Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: The effect of a nursing intervention using Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour
Qianqian Shen, Pingping He, Min Wen, Juping Yu, Yeshi Chen, Junyi Li, Xinping Ouyang
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2021; 77(10): 4104. CrossRef
Theoretical evaluation of Cox’s interaction model of client health behavior for health promotion in adult women
Youlim Kim, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Gi Wook Ryu
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(2): 120. CrossRef

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The Effect of Walking Exercise Program on Cardiorespiratory Function and Flexibility in Elderly Women: Yun Hee Shin, Young Hee Choi; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):372-386. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.372

Abstract PDF

Recently, the ratio of elderly in the population are fastly growing due to socio-economical development and the better medical service. Proportionally, the health problems in elderly are increasing, too. Medical professionals must try so that the elderly have the better life through health promotion and disease prevention as well as disease treatment. This study evaluated the effect of walking exercise program on the cardiorespiratory function and the flexibility in the elderly women. The design of research was one group pretest -posttest design. The subjects were eleven elderly women over sixty years old to live in K-city, Kyonggi-do. The type of exercise was walking, which was the most popular exercise in questionnaire. The exercise intensity was 40%~60% of the target heart-rate by Karvonen's method and maintained by the heart-rate monitor. The exercise period was five weeks and the exercise frequency was three times per week. The exercise duration was forty minites at first and gradually increased up to a hour. In order to evaluate the effect of walking exercise, we measured VO2 max, resting heart-rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, FVC, FEV1, the flexibility before and after the five week's exercise program. The data are analyzed by the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test using SAS package. The results are as follows: 1) The hypothesis that cardiorespiratory function will be improved was partly supported. In VO2 max(p=0.0001), resting heart-rate(p=0. 0030), systolic/diastolic blood-pressure (p=0.0387/p=0.0024), there was significant difference. FVC and FEV1 were increased after the exercise, but there were no significant difference. 2) The hypothesis that the flexibility will be improved was supported. There was significant difference in the flexibility (p=0.0140). As the further study, it is necessary to reevaluate the effect with more refined design. We also need to try meta-analysis about the results of previous studies obtained in the experimental setting and compare our result obtained in the field setting with them.

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여성 노인과 여가 스포츠
재윤 배
The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2024; 63(3): 403. CrossRef
Effect of a Home-based Exercise Program on Elderly Women’s Health
Hyo-Lyun Roh, Dae-Hee Lee
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The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy on Physical Functions in the Elderly
Sook Hee Jung, Kyung Hee Chung
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(2): 252. CrossRef

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Effect of Periodic Walking on the Type II Muscle of Growing Suspended Rats: Myoung Ae Choe; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):271-280. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.271

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodic walking during hindlimb suspension on the mass, relative weight, fiber type distribution and cross-sectional area of Type I and II fibers in the developing Type II plantaris muscle. To examine the effectiveness of periodic walking on mass and fiber size, the hindlimbs of young female Wistar rats were suspended(HS group) and half of these rats walked on a treadmill for 45 min/day(15 min every 4 hours) at 5 meters/min at a 15 degree grade(HS-W group) After seven days of hindlimb suspension, the plantaris muscle wet weight was 28.40% significantly smaller (P<0.005) and relative plantaris muscle weight was 26.97% smaller compared with those of control rats(P<0.05). The plantaris muscle wet weight and the relative plantaris muscle weight increased by 46.60% and 49.23% respectively with periodic walking, moreover, the plantaris muscle wet weight and the relative plantaris muscle weight of the HS-W rats recovered to the level of the control rats. No change was observed in fiber type percentage of the developing plantaris muscle following one week of hindlimb suspension or periodic walking during hindlimb suspension. Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing plantaris muscle were 42.51% and 43. 68% lower in the HS group than in the control group(p<0.0001), Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing plantaris were 30.82% and 45.97% greater in the HS ?W group than in the HS group(p<0.0001), whereas Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of HS-W group were less than those of the control group(P<0.0001) The results suggest that periodic walking can attenuate developing plantaris muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension.

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Effect of Walk Training on Physical Fitness for Prevention in A home Bound Elderly: Myoung Ae Choe, Mi Yang Jeon, Jung An Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1318-1332. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1318

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walk training on leg strength, flexibility, postural stability, balance and gait in home bound elderly women. Eighteen elderly women of the experimental group aged between 70 and 90 years image who have normal vision, hearing and Romberg test. They participated in the 12 week walk training. The subjects of the experimental group practiced walk training 3 times a week for during 12 weeks. During the 40 minute workout, the subjects practiced 5 minutes of warming-up exercises, 30 minutes of conditioning exercises and 10 minutes of a cool-down exercise. The intensity for the conditioning phase was determined by subject' heart rates, which ranged from 60% to 70% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The body composition, leg strength, flexibility, postural stability, balance and gait were measured prior to and after the experimental treatment. The body fat, lean body mass, leg strength (ankle dorsiflexor, plantarflexor, inversor and eversir, knee flexor, extensior), flexibility (range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion), and postural stability of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Duration of standing on the right foot and that of standing on the left foot of the experimental group was greater than that of the control group. Total balance scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Among 13 items for balance, the scores of experimental group in balance with eyes closes, turning balance, sternal nudge, neck turning, one leg standing balance and back extension were higher than those of the control group. Total scores of gait of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the walking training. Scores of experimental group in step height, step length and walk stance while walking among 9 items for gait were significantly higher than those of the control group. The results suggest that walk training can improve physical fitness for prevention in home bound elderly women.

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Jeong Ha Park, Hee Ju Kim
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The Impact of Lower Extremity Strengthening Exercise with Step Box and Elastic Band on Balance Ability and Lower Extremity Muscular Strength in Community-living Elderly Individuals
Du-suop Kim, Im-soon Choi, Suhn-yeop Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2016; 11(1): 11. CrossRef
Strategies on fall prevention for older people living in the community: A report from a round-table meeting in IAGG 2013
Eun Joo Kim, Hidenori Arai, Piu Chan, Liang-Kung Chen, Keith D. Hill, Bernard Kong, Philip Poi, Maw Pin Tan, Hyung Joon Yoo, Chang Won Won
Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics.2015; 6(2): 39. CrossRef
Effects of Community-based Comprehensive Fall Prevention Program on Muscle Strength, Postural Balance and Fall Efficacy in Elderly People
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(6): 697. CrossRef
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Effects of Taekwondo and Walking Exercises on the Double-Leg Balance Control of Elderly Females
Chang-Hong Youm, Joong-Sook Lee, Kook-Eun Seo
Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics.2011; 21(2): 123. CrossRef
The Effects of a Fall Prevention Program on the Low-Income Elderly at Risk of Falls
Il Seon Hyeon, Myonghwa Park, Kyong Min Park, Chung Nam Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(2): 200. CrossRef
The Association of Balance Confidence with Physical Performance and Strength in Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons
Won‐Beom Park, Jae‐Young Lim
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society.2009; 13(4): 222. CrossRef

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Effects of Walking on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Psychosocial Outcomes in Postmenopausal Obese Women: Sukhee Ahn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(4):519-528. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.4.519

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a moderate-intensity, walking exercise program on the body composition, blood lipids and psychosocial outcomes in postmenopausal obese women.

Methods

With a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design, a total of 36 postmenopausal obese women was recruited in 2 metropolitan areas by convenience sampling. Sixteen women participated in 1 hour of moderate-intensity walking exercise 5 days per week for 3 months and 20 women did not. Cardiovascular risk factors include body composition and blood lipids. Body composition was measured as body mass index, % body fat, and waist/hip ratio; Blood lipids were measured with total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL; psychosocial outcomes were evaluated by self-esteem and depression.

Results

Over 3 months, the score of self-esteem increased and depression decreased in the exercise group relative to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in body composition and blood lipids.

Conclusions

This study suggests that 3 months of moderate-intensity exercise training can improve psychosocial outcomes but further studies are needed to replicate walking exercise on physiologic variables among postmenopausal obese women. These findings are of public health relevance and add a new facet to the growing literature on the health benefits of moderate exercise.

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A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Walking Exercise on Depression
Jonghwa Lee, Youngho Kim
The Asian Journal of Kinesiology.2023; 25(4): 12. CrossRef
The Effects of Exclusive Walking on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Anjulyn M. Ballard, Ashlee Davis, Brett Wong, Rodney Lyn, Walter R. Thompson
American Journal of Health Promotion.2021; : 089011712110481. CrossRef
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Nah-Mee Shin, Ji-Won Yoon, Jiwon Choi, Younghee Park, Songi Jeon
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The Effects of Brisk Walking versus Brisk Walking Plus Diet on Triglycerides and Apolipoprotein B Levels in Middle-aged Overweight/obese Women with High Triglyceride Levels: Mi Ra Lee, Wan Soo Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(8):1352-1358. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.8.1352

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of a 12-week brisk walking program on triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and to compare these effects to those of a brisk walking plus diet program in middle-aged overweight/obese (BMI≥ or =23) Korean women with hypertriglyceridemia.

Method

This analysis was done with nineteen middle-aged overweight/obese Korean women who completed either the brisk walking program (9 women) or the brisk walking plus diet program (10 women) for 12 weeks. The brisk walking consisted of walking for 20 to 50 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 3 to 6 days/week. The diet consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling every week. TG and Apo B were assessed pre- and post-intervention.

Results

TG and Apo B decreased significantly after the brisk walking program (Z = -2.31, p = 0.021; Z = -2.59, p = 0.009). TG and Apo B lowering effects of the brisk walking program were not significantly different from those of the brisk walking plus diet program (U = 37.0, p = 0.549; U = 42.0, p = 0.842).

Conclusion

walking can be an effective intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged women with hypertriglyceridemia in reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering TG and Apo B levels. Adding diet to brisk walking may have no additional significant effects on changes in TG and Apo B.

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The Effects of Urban Forest-walking Program on Health Promotion Behavior, Physical Health, Depression, and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Office-workers
Kyung-Sook Bang, In-sook Lee, Sung-Jae Kim, Min Kyung Song, Se-Eun Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(1): 140. CrossRef

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The Effects of Urban Forest-walking Program on Health Promotion Behavior, Physical Health, Depression, and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Office-workers: Kyung-Sook Bang, In-sook Lee, Sung-Jae Kim, Min Kyung Song, Se-Eun Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):140-148. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.140

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was performed to determine the physical and psychological effects of an urban forest-walking program for office workers. For many workers, sedentary lifestyles can lead to low levels of physical activity causing various health problems despite an increased interest in health promotion.

Methods

Fifty four office workers participated in this study. They were assigned to two groups (experimental group and control group) in random order and the experimental group performed 5 weeks of walking exercise based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills Model. The data were collected from October to November 2014. SPSS 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis.

Results

The results showed that the urban forest walking program had positive effects on the physical activity level (U=65.00, p <.001), health promotion behavior (t= - 2.20, p =.033), and quality of life (t= - 2.42, p =.020). However, there were no statistical differences in depression, waist size, body mass index, blood pressure, or bone density between the groups.

Conclusion

The current findings of the study suggest the forest-walking program may have positive effects on improving physical activity, health promotion behavior, and quality of life. The program can be used as an effective and efficient strategy for physical and psychological health promotion for office workers.

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Effects of a Progressive Walking Program on Physical Activity, Exercise Tolerance, Recovery, and Post-Operative Complications in Patients with a Lung Resection: Inah Kim, Haejung Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(4):381-390. Published online August 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.381

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a Progressive Walking program (PW) on physical activity, exercise tolerance, recovery, and post-operative complications for patients with a lung resection.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized and 37 participants with a lung resection (22 for control group, 15 for experimental group) were recruited at A university hospital from December 2012 to August 2013. The PW consisted of preoperative education, goal setting, and feedback, provided to the experimental group, and usual care to the control group. Data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 18.0.

Results

A higher proportion of patients in the experimental group showed adequate levels of physical activity (p= .001), shorter period of chest tube retention (≤ 7 days; p= .011), and shorter stay in the hospital (≤ 10 days; p= .036) than patients in the control group. Patients in the experimental group reported longer 6-minute walking distance (p= .032) and lower levels of dyspnea (p= .049) than patients in the control group. The PW did not influence the occurrence of pulmonary complications.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that the PW could be a useful strategy for improving patients’ post-operative health and reducing cost after lung resection.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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A Meta-analysis of the Effect of Walking Exercise on Lower Limb Muscle Endurance, Whole Body Endurance and Upper Body Flexibility in Elders: Kook-Hee Roh, Hyeoun-Ae Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(4):536-546. Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.536

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether walking exercise improved physical function in elderly people using meta-analysis.

Methods

Medical and nursing literature databases were searched to identify the studies on the effectiveness of walking exercise on physical function. In the databases, there were 16 articles reporting 21 interventions. Overall effect sizes for three outcome variables, elders' physical function in lower limb muscle endurance, whole body endurance and upper body flexibility, were calculated. Effects of study characteristics on outcome variables were analyzed.

Results

The meta-analysis showed that walking exercise generally had positive effects on CST (chair stand test), 6MW (6 min walking), and SRT (standing or sitting reach test) with overall weighted effect sizes of 1.06, 0.41 and 0.29 respectively. This study also showed that the chronic disease status of the elders, intervention methods, and type of residence had different effects on CST, 6MW and SRT.

Conclusion

The results indicate that walking exercise improves physical function in elders. Walking exercise which can be done at any time and any location is indeed a very effective exercise for elderly people.

Citations

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