Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression on the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety in high-risk pregnant couples of South Korea: Mihyeon Park, Sukhee Ahn; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):19-33. Published online February 4, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24070

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety.
Methods
A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6.
Results
In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03).
Conclusion
The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

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Structural Equation Modeling of Health Promotion Behavior on Migrant Workers: A Multi-Group Analysis Based on the Period of Residence: Jeong, Hanna , Kim, Youngsuk; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(1):73-92. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23101

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study developed and tested a hypothetical model of health promotion behavior on migrant workers based on the Health Promotion Model and the Health Literacy Skills Framework.
Methods
Data were collected from 298 migrant workers in 9 regions across the country from December 2020 to March 2021. The exogenous variables were e-health literacy, occupational stress, acculturation, and social support. The endogenous variables were perceived benefits of action, self-efficacy, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0, AMOS 20.0, and R-4.0.3 program.
Results
The model fit was appropriate. Social support had the most significant direct impact on the health promotion behavior of migrant workers. Perceived benefits of action and self-efficacy played a mediating role in the relationship among e-health literacy, social support, and health promotion behavior. Based on multi-group analysis, the migrant worker group with less than 5 years of residency had a more statistically significant effect on the relationship between perceived benefits of action and health promotion behavior than those with over 5 years.
Conclusion
Providing social support as a critical administrative strategy to enhance the health promotion behavior of migrant workers is necessary. Furthermore, when developing an intervention program utilizing the internal mechanism between social support and health promotion behavior, a self-efficacy-enhancing strategy is considered to be more effective. Additionally, educating migrant workers with short-term residence of less than 5 years about the benefits of health behaviors is essential.

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Effect of an Intervention Using Voice Recording of a Family Member on Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilator Weaning Process: Choi, Ah Young , Kim, Min Young , Song, Eun Kyeung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(1):32-43. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23082

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to determine the impact of an intervention using voice recording of family members on pain, anxiety, and agitation in patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Methods
A randomized control pre-post experimental design was implemented to 53 participants, with 27 and 26 participants in the experimental and control groups, respectively. A 70-second voice recording of a family member, repeated three times at 10-minute intervals was used as an intervention for the experimental group. Meanwhile, participants in the control group used headset for 30 minutes. Structured instruments were utilized to measure pain, anxiety, agitation, and the weaning process. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and the Mann-Whitney U test, or χ² test, were used for data analysis.
Results
The experimental group exhibited significant decrease in pain (Z = - 3.53, p < .001), anxiety (t = 5.45, p < .001), and agitation (Z = - 2.99, p = .003) scores compared with those of the control group. However, there was no significant difference between groups in the weaning process’ simplification (χ² = 0.63, p = .727).
Conclusion
Intervention using family members’ voice recording effectively reduces pain, anxiety, and agitation in patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation. This can be actively utilized to provide a more comfortable process for patients.

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A Structural Equation Model on Social Re-Adjustment of Stroke Patients: Based on Roy’s Adaptation Model: Kim, Jungmi , Kim, Hwasoon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(4):480-495. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22140

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and test a structural equation model on social re-adjustment of individuals with stroke based on a literature review and Roy’s adaptation model.
Methods
This study involved 321 participants who had a stroke and visited the outpatient department after discharge. The hypothetical model was developed based on Roy’s adaptation model and a comprehensive review of previous literature on the topic. The model comprised four exogenous variables (neurological damage, gender [man], age, and social support) and five endogenous variables (activities of daily living, acceptance of disability, depression, rehabilitation motivation, and social re-adjustment). The data were analyzed using SPSS Windows software version 22.0 and AMOS 23.0.
Results
Out of 28 research hypotheses, 18 were supported, and they indicated approximately 64% probability of social re-adjustment. Social re-adjustment is directly and significantly affected by age, social support, activities of daily living, and depression. Social re-adjustment is indirectly affected by neurological impairment, gender (men), age, social support, and rehabilitation motivation.
Conclusion
Continuous assistance and care should be provided for individuals with disabilities caused by sudden neurological damage to facilitate gradual improvement in their social re-adjustment. To enhance social re-adjustment, especially among older adults, newly developed interventions should focus on improving their activities of daily living, preventing depression, and enhancing support from family and healthcare personnel.

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The Effects of Aromatherapy on Stroke Symptoms in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A Reum Lim, Hyun Kyoung Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(2): 85. CrossRef

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A Predictive Model of Resilience in Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: Cho, Youyoung , Kim, Hyeonok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(4):407-420. Published online August 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21235

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This structural model study was constructed and verified a hypothetical model to examine the effects of parenting stress, social resources, family resources, and positive coping on resilience among mothers of children with developmental disabilities.
Methods
Data were collected using self‐report structured questionnaires, from October 19 to October 30, 2018, with 214 mothers caring for chil-dren with developmental disabilities under the age of 20 years.
Results
In the fitness test results of the hypothesis model, with the fit index χ ² (p) = 69.27 (< .001), and the normed fit indices (χ ² = 1.87, GFI = .94, CFI = .97, NFI = .93, and TLI = .95, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .06), this study satisfies the good fitness in standards. There are seven statistically significant paths among the 10 paths set in the hypotheti-cal model. The explanatory power of parenting stress and social resources, which affects the family resources was 41.4%, the explanato-ry power of parenting stress, social resources, and family resources affecting the positive coping was 58.9%, and the explanatory power of parenting stress, social resources, family resources, and positive coping affecting resilience was 55.5%.
Conclusion
Positive coping, family resources, and social resources of mothers of children with developmental disabilities directly affect their resilience, and parenting stress indirectly affects it. Therefore, to improve the resilience of mothers of children with developmental disabilities, it is necessary to develop a systematic nursing intervention that considers parenting stress, social resources, family resources, and positive coping.

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Factors Influencing Nurses’ Performance of Care in COVID-19 Wards: Kim, Yoon Sun , Kim, Mi-Ae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):678-688. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21131

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing nurses’ performance of care in COVID-19 wards.
Methods
The participants were 132 nurses who worked in COVID-19 wards at three hospitals, and were recruited from April 1 to May 31, 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 24.0 program.
Results
Nursing performance was significantly and positively correlated with ethical sensitivity (r = .75, p < .001), nursing professionalism (r = .67, p < .001), and social support (r = .67, p < .001). Nursing professionalism was positively correlated with ethical sensitivity (r = .64, p < .001) and social support (r = .55, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis for nursing performance revealed that the most significant factor was ethical sensitivity (β = .47, p < .001). Ethical sensitivity, nursing professionalism, and social support explained 66.0% of total variance in nursing performance.
Conclusion
Ethical sensitiviy, nursing professionalism, and social support significantly influence nurses’ performace of care in COVID-19 wards. It suggests that intervention programs should be directed at improving nurses’ ethical sensitivity, bolstering social support, and enhancing nursing professionalism.

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The Influence of Knowledge on Standard Precautions, Nursing Professionalism, and Organizational Culture for Infection Control on Hospital Nurses’ Performance with Guidelines for Standard Precautions
Jiwon Kim, Hyojung Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(2): 225. CrossRef
Factors Affecting the Infection Control Practices of Nurses at University Hospitals
Mi Hyang Lee, Sun Hwa Jun
Healthcare.2022; 10(8): 1517. CrossRef
Factors Influencing the Anxiety of Nursing Students in Clinical Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Gun Ja Jang, Shin Jeong Park, Sangjin Ko
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(4): 363. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Post-traumatic Growth of Nurses at Nationally Designated Infectious Disease Hospital
Ji Eun Oh, Ju Young Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(5): 499. CrossRef

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The Influence of Family Function on Occupational Attitude of Chinese Nursing Students in the Probation Period: The Moderation Effect of Social Support: J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):746-757. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21103

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing the occupational attitudes of nursing students in the probation period.
Methods
Nursing students in the probation period from five hospitals completed an anonymous survey. The instruments included the nursing occupational attitude scale, family adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve index, and perceived social support scale. The study examined the moderation model between family function, perceived social support, and occupational attitudes using PROCESS 3.2.
Results
For nursing students, when social support was low, family function had a significant positive impact on occupational attitudes and intentions, and the effect was much higher than that of perceived social support.
Conclusion
Family function has a significant positive explanatory effect on attitude and intention (β = .13, p < .001 and β = .12, p < .001); the interaction term between family function and perceived social support are significant (β = .01, p < .001 and β = .01, p < .001). Perceived social support has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between family function and occupational attitudes of nursing students in the probation period. Family function has a significant difference in the occupational attitudes and intentions of nursing students with low perceived social support. Nursing students perceive social support in the probation period has a significant moderation effect in the relationship between their family function and occupational attitudes. Interns with low family function should be given more social support to improve their occupational attitudes.

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Self-disclosure, perceived social support, and reproductive concerns among young male cancer patients in China: A mediating model analysis
Lihua Wu, Xingyu Chen, Tingting Dong, Wei Yan, Linying Wang, Wanling Li
Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2024; 11(7): 100503. CrossRef
Moderating role of family functioning and resource support in the relationship between career calling and academic burnout among Chinese medical students during the controlled COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Jia-Jun He, Zi-Jiao Wang, Xiao-Ning Liu, Yan-Ping Wang, Chen-Xi Zhao, Feng Lu, Shu-E Zhang, De-Pin Cao
Annals of Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of family function on social anxiety among Chinese nursing students: The mediating role of alexithymia
Yuying Chu, Yuqiang Zhang, Dan Yang, Suyan Wang, Chunguang Liang, Xue Wang, Hongliang Dai
Nursing Open.2023; 10(3): 1356. CrossRef
The association between academic stress, social support, and self-regulatory fatigue among nursing students: a cross-sectional study based on a structural equation modelling approach
Zhang Yuhuan, Zheng Pengyue, Chen Dong, Niu Qichao, Pang Dong, Song Anqi, Jiang Hongbo, Di Zhixin
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Factors Influencing Health Behavior Compliance in Adult Moyamoya Patients: Kim, Bo Eun , Song, Ju-Eun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):80-91. Published online February 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20222

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing health behavior compliance in adult patients with moyamoya.
Methods
A descriptive correlation study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing health behavior compliance. Participants were 142 adult patients diagnosed with moyamoya disease who were hospitalized or visited an outpatient clinic in the Gyeonggi province. Data were collected from December 16, 2019 to April 14, 2020 using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 26.0 Win software.
Results
The hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that self-efficacy (β = .60, p < .001), social support (β = .13, p = .032), and age (β = .21, p = .005) affected the health behavior of adults with moyamoya disease. These 3 variables explained 62.0% of the variance of health behavior compliance, and the most influential factor was self-efficacy.
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, it concludes that nursing interventions should be focused on self-efficacy and social support to improve health behavior compliance with adult patients diagnosed with moyamoya disease. For that, various strategies to enhance self-efficacy and social support should be developed and actively applied in the clinical setting for adult moyamoya patients.

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Predictors of self-care performance in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Hae-Na Woo, Yong-Cheol Lim, Joo Hee Lee, Sun Hyoung Bae
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Actor and Partner Effects of Couple’s Daily Stress and Dyadic Coping on Marital Satisfaction: Won, Su Kyung , Seol, Kyoung Ok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):813-821. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20162

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of daily stress and dyadic coping on marital satisfaction using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediational Model (APIeM).
Methods
Participants were 314 couples who met the study’s eligibility criteria. Data were collected from March to April 2016 through apartment and cooperative company communities in Seoul. Two APIeMs of positive and negative dyadic coping were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 7.4. All measures were self-administered.
Results
Daily stress and positive and negative dyadic coping in both spouses had direct actor effects on their marital satisfaction. Daily stress in both spouses had an indirect actor effect on marital satisfaction through their positive and negative dyadic coping. The husband’s daily stress had an indirect partner effect on the wife’s marital satisfaction through his positive dyadic coping, while the wife’s positive dyadic coping had a direct partner effect on the husband’s marital satisfaction. The husband’s daily stress had an indirect partner effect on the wife’s marital satisfaction through his negative dyadic coping, while the wife’s negative dyadic coping had a direct partner effect on the husband’s marital satisfaction.
Conclusion
Dyadic coping is an effective way to deal with couple’s daily hassles as it increase their satisfaction in marriage.

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Analysis of risk factors for co-morbid anxiety and depression in pregnant women
Wei Zhang, Ling Li, Xiabidan Tuxunjiang, Bahedana Sailike, Xiaoting Wang, Weicui Meng, Sufeila Shalayiding, Ting Jiang
Psychiatry Research.2025; 344: 116323. CrossRef
Pregnant Women’s Dyadic Coping and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study Utilizing Latent Profile Analysis
Shiqiong Yan, Wenzhuo Fan, Yonghong Ma, Sijia Xie, Rong Li, Yao Lan, Linli Xie, Jie Jing
International Journal of Women's Health.2024; Volume 16: 1009. CrossRef
Spouse Burnout and Marriage Satisfaction in Married Individuals: The Mediating Role of Psychologıcal Well-being
Bülent Şen, Nergüz Bulut Serin, Kadriye Karagülmez
Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi.2024; 15(2): 1266. CrossRef
Dyadic coping and associated factors in women with high-risk pregnancy and their spouses: Do they interact?
Mengjie Liu, Yu Fang, Mengshi Liu, Min Wu, Jingshuo Zhang, Tianchen Niu, Xiaoman Zhang
Midwifery.2024; 134: 104006. CrossRef
중년부부의 문제해결 유형과 결혼만족도의 관계
수산나 주, 미선 강, 인혜 정, 서진 조
Journal of Family Relations.2023; 28(1): 33. CrossRef
Relationship between Chinese middle-aged and old couples' Confucian coping thinking and marital quality
Zhiguang Fan, Hanwei Wu, Min Tao, Lei Chen
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of avoidant attachment on marital satisfaction of Chinese married people: Multiple mediating effect of spousal support and coping tendency
Lian Xiong, Caihua Zhou, Liangshi Yan, Pan Zhao, Mengting Deng, Yan Hu
Acta Psychologica.2022; 228: 103640. CrossRef
Interrelation of Attachment and Coping Behavior In Adults
E.V. Kuftyak
Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy.2021; 29(1): 28. CrossRef

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Predictive Model for Quality of Life of the Older Men Living Alone: Kim, Su Jin , Jeon, Gyeong-Suk; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):799-812. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20087

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to construct and test a predictive model that explains and predicts the quality of life in older men living alone.
Methods
A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 334 older adult men living along aged 65 years or over living in Jeollanam-do provinces. The endogenous variables were depression, self-rated health, instrumental activity of daily life, health promotion behaviors, the number of social participation activities and quality of life. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.
Results
The final model with 14 of the 8 analysed paths showed a good fit to the empiri cal data: χ²= 173.26(p < .001, df = 53),normed χ²= 3.27, GFI = .92, NFI = .90, CFI = .93, TLI = .89, RMSEA = .08 and SRMR = .06. Activities had direct effect on quality of life of older men living alone and social support had both direct and indirect effects. Meanwhile, function and socioeconomic status showed only indirect effects.The variables included in the eight significant paths explained 83.7% of variance in the prediction model.
Conclusion
Instrumental activities of daily living and social support effect directly on quality of life in the older men living alone. Findings suggest that health care providers including community nurses need to provide social support as well as empowerment programs of instrumental activities of daily living and health promotion for improving quality of life of the older men living alone.

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Changes in the health status and health-related quality of life of community-dwelling older adults living alone: one-year follow-up from a cohort study
Hana Ko, Belong Cho, Kyung-Choon Lim, Soong-Nang Jang, Sun Ju Chang, Yu Mi Yi, Hye Ryung Cho, So Im Ryu, Eun-Young Noh, Yeon-Hwan Park
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Influencing factors on self-care of older adults living alone in a community during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study
Heeyoung Woo, Minkyung Gu
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(1): 1. CrossRef
A novel nomogram to stratify quality of life among advanced cancer patients with spinal metastatic disease after examining demographics, dietary habits, therapeutic interventions, and mental health status
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Associated Factors with Health-related Quality of Life among Older Adults with Diabetes in Korea
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Original Articles

Reversals in Decisions about Life-Sustaining Treatment and Associated Factors among Older Patients with Terminal Stage of Cardiopulmonary Disease: Jung-Ja Choi, Su Hyun Kim, Shin-Woo Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):329-339. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.329

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency, patterns, and factors of reversals in decisions about life-sustaining treatment (LST) among older patients with terminal-stage chronic cardiopulmonary disease.

Methods

This was a retrospective correlational descriptive study based on medical chart review. De-identified patient electronic medical record data were collected from 124 deceased older patients with terminal-stage cardiopulmonary disease who had made reversals of LST decisions in an academic tertiary hospital in 2015. Data were extracted about the reversed LST decisions, LST treatments applied before death, and patients’ demographic and clinical factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the reversal to higher intensity of LST treatment.

Results

The use of inotropic agents was the most frequently reversed LST treatment, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intubation, ventilator therapy, and hemodialysis. Inconsistency between the last LST decisions and actual treatments occurred most often in hemodialysis. One-third of the reversals in LST decisions were made toward higher intensity of LST treatment. Patients who had lung diseases (vs. heart diseases); were single, divorced, or bereaved (vs. married); and had an acquaintance as a primary decision maker (vs. the patients themselves) were significantly more likely to reverse the LST decisions to higher intensity of LST treatment.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the complex and turmoil situation of the LST decision-making process among older patients with terminal-stage cardiopulmonary disease and suggests the importance of support for patients and families in their LST decision-making process.

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Characteristics of Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions: National Data Analysis in South Korea
Jiyeon Choi, Heejung Jeon, Ilhak Lee
Asian Bioethics Review.2024; 16(1): 33. CrossRef
Decision and Practice of End-of-Life Care in Lung Disease Patients with Physicians Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment
Yu Mi Oh, Yoon Na Kang, Soo Jung Han, Jeong Hye Kim
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2023; 26(1): 7. CrossRef
Same, same, but different? A longitudinal, mixed-methods study of stability in values and preferences for future end-of-life care among community-dwelling, older adults
Malin Eneslätt, Gert Helgesson, Carol Tishelman
BMC Palliative Care.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Preferences for life-sustaining treatment in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
HyunChul Youn, Suk-young Lee, Han-yong Jung, Shin-Gyeom Kim, Seung‑Hyun Kim, Hyun-Ghang Jeong
BMJ Open.2021; 11(1): e039470. CrossRef
Life-Sustaining Treatment in End-Stage Liver Disease Patients: Patients’ Decisions and Results
Hyun Jung Jung, Jeong Yun Park
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2020; 23(2): 85. CrossRef

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Psychosocial Well-Being of Clinical Nurses Performing Emotional Labor: A Path Analytic Model Approach: Yoonjeong Lee, Hyunli Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):307-316. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.307

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of emotional expressivity, emotional intelligence, affectivity, job autonomy, social support, and emotional labor on clinical nurses’ individual well-being and to provide guidelines for interventions and strategies for its improvement.

Methods

The sample consisted of 207 nurses recruited from a general hospital in Korea. The participants completed a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of emotional expressivity, emotional intelligence, positive affectivity, negative affectivity, job autonomy, supervisor support, coworker support, deep acting, surface acting, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 22.0 and AMOS 22.0.

Results

The final model was a good fit for the data based on the model fit indices. In the path analysis, surface acting, negative affectivity, supervisor support, and coworker support had statistically significant effects on emotional exhaustion, explaining 29.0% of the variance. Deep acting, emotional exhaustion, positive affectivity, and emotional intelligence had statistically significant effects on job satisfaction, explaining 43.0% of the variance.

Conclusion

Effective strategies to improve clinical nurses’ individual well-being should focus on surface acting, deep acting, affectivity, social support, and emotional intelligence. The results of this study can be utilized as base data to manage emotional labor and improve clinical nurses’ individual well-being.

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Validity and Reliability of the Korean version of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale for Nurses
Hye-Ja Park, Soyoung Yu
Sage Open.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Psychoeducational Approach to Distress Management of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Mison Chun, Yong Sik Jung, Sun Hyoung Bae, Young-Mi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):669-678. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.669

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of integrated psychoeducational program for distress management of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A quasi-experimental trial was conducted. The participants consisted of 47 female patients with breast cancer assigned to an intervention group (n=25) and control group (n=22). The intervention group participated in integrated psychoeducational program, consisting of individual face-to-face education and telephone-delivered health-coaching sessions. Data were collected at three time points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2), and 6-month follow-up (T3). Study instruments were Distress thermometer, Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34 and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast.

Results

Compared with the control group, breast cancer patients in the intervention group reported lower distress and supportive care needs than the control group. The intervention group reported higher quality of life (QOL) overall and higher emotional well-being than the control group.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the integrated psychoeducational program is an effective intervention for reducing distress and supportive care needs and increasing QOL of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer. Oncology nurses need to provide psychoeducational intervention to support patients with breast cancer in managing their distress and helping them adjust to their life.

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The development of a lifestyle modification mobile application, “Health for You” for overweight and obese breast cancer survivors in Korea
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Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(3): 243. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(1): 51. CrossRef
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Journal of Cancer Policy.2020; 23: 100214. CrossRef
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Kavitha Konnakkaparambil Ramakrishnan, Sreekumar Damodaran
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Nam Mi Kang, Won-Ho Hahn, Suyeon Park, Jung Eun Lee, Young Bum Yoo, Chung Ja Ryoo
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7532. CrossRef
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Ji Yea Lee, Yeonsoo Jang, Sanghee Kim, Woo Jin Hyung
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Integrative Cancer Therapies.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Symptom Distress and Coping in Young Korean Breast Cancer Survivors: The Mediating Effects of Social Support and Resilience: Ji Hyun Lee, Hye Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):241-253. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.241

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the mediating effect of social support and resilience on the relationship between symptom distress and coping in young Korean breast cancer survivors.

Methods

A purposive sample of 209 young breast-cancer survivors (mean age 39.9) was recruited for a cross-sectional survey, and the data were collected between June and October 2015. The instruments used in this study were the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Cancer Coping Questionnaire. The collected data were then analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs.

Results

Symptom distress was found to have a significant indirect effect on coping (beta=-.32, p=.002), but not a significant direct effect (beta=.06, p=.577). Additionally, based on the values obtained for the squared multiple correlation, symptom distress, social support, and resilience were found to explain 46.4% of the total variance of coping.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that in order to enhance young breast cancer survivors’ ability to cope with the distress they commonly feel, intervention methods that strengthen resilience and provide social support should be developed and made available to them.

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Factors affecting resilience among young breast cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study
Hye Young Min, Yoonjung Kim, Hae Jeong An
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2025; 75: 102837. CrossRef
Latent classes of health‐promoting lifestyle in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in China: A cross‐sectional survey
Meixuan Song, Qiuyao He, Juan Yang, Jinyu Zhang
Nursing Open.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Shaochun Liu, Runze Huang, Anlong Li, Sheng Yu, Senbang Yao, Jian Xu, Lingxue Tang, Wen Li, Chen Gan, Huaidong Cheng
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(20): 18005. CrossRef
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Xiaoyan Pang, Fangmei Li, Lei Dou, Yichang Tian, Yi Zhang
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Fitria Endah Janitra, Nur Aini, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana
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Su‐Chih Chen, Shu‐Fang Wu, Tsae‐Jyy Wang, John Rosenberg, Yu‐Ying Lu, Shu‐Yuan Liang
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Perceived social support and coping style as mediators between resilience and health-related quality of life in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study
Kaina Zhou, Fan Ning, Xiao Wang, Wen Wang, Dongfang Han, Xiaomei Li
BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Determinants of quality of life in women immediately following the completion of primary treatment of breast cancer: A cross-sectional study
Jin-Hee Park, Yong Sik Jung, Ji Young Kim, Sun Hyoung Bae, Ka Ming Chow
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(10): e0258447. CrossRef
A Mobile Healing Program Using Virtual Reality for Sexual Violence Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
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Saori Tamura, Kumi Suzuki, Yuri Ito, Akiko Fukawa
Supportive Care in Cancer.2021; 29(7): 3471. CrossRef
Resilience in women with breast cancer: A systematic review
Ibane Aizpurua-Perez, Joana Perez-Tejada
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2020; 49: 101854. CrossRef
Individual resilience in adult cancer care: A concept analysis
Dan Luo, Manuela Eicher, Kate White
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2020; 102: 103467. CrossRef
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No Eul Kang, Hye Young Kim, Ji Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim
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Kaina Zhou, Jin Li, Xiaomei Li
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 178(1): 95. CrossRef

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Structural Equation Modeling on Successful Aging in Elders with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Selection-Optimization-Compensation Strategy: Young Mi Jang, Rhayun Song; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(4):488-498. Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.4.488

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The focus of the study was on the selection-optimization-compensation (SOC) strategy to predict successful aging mediated by dyspnea symptoms in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The model was constructed based on the hypotheses that coping strategy and social support of the elders predict successful aging through the SOC strategies.

Methods

Participants were 218 outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recruited for the study. Data collection was done from March 25 to September 11, 2015, and analyzed using SPSSWIN 22.0 and AMOS 21.0.

Results

The hypothetical model appeared to be fit to the data. Seven of eight hypotheses selected for hypothetical model were statistically significant. The SOC strategy has only significant indirect effects through dyspnea symptoms on successful aging. Coping strategy, social support, SOC strategies and dyspnea symptoms explained 62% of variance in successful aging.

Conclusion

The SOC strategies with social support and dyspnea symptoms significantly explained successful aging among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nursing strategies should be focused on social support and coping strategies to optimize SOC strategies so that older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are able to manage dyspnea symptoms and eventually achieve successful aging.

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Development of a scale to measure selection, optimization, compensation (SOC) strategy in late middle-aged women: a methodological study
Do-Young Lee, Gie Ok Noh
Women's Health Nursing.2024; 30(3): 216. CrossRef
Factors contributing to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' functional performance: Structural equation modelling based on theory of unpleasant symptoms
Hye Suk Jun, Younhee Kang
Nursing Open.2023; 10(5): 3132. CrossRef
Experiences on Self Management of Aged Men with Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Jeong-Soo KIM
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2021; 33(3): 758. CrossRef
The Relationships among Social Support, Bowel Function Symptoms and Uncertainty in Rectal Cancer Patients
Kyungmi Lee, Semi Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(4): 421. CrossRef
Life experience of older women with chronic conditions: Flow and Balance as a coping resource
Sanghee Lee, Jinmoo Heo
Educational Gerontology.2019; 45(4): 259. CrossRef

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Factors Influencing Burnout among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy: Ji-Young Seo, Hae-Jin Lee, Mi-Ae You; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):233-241. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.233

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental stress, social support, and coping behavior on burnout among mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy.

Methods

Participants in this cross-sectional, descriptive study were 185 mothers who completed a self-report structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses with IBM SPSS Win 22 program.

Results

Parental stress and coping behavior were strong predictors of burnout among mothers of children with cerebral palsy. These variables explained 50.0% of the variance in burnout. Social support was not a predictor of burnout. A higher level of burnout was associated with higher levels of parental stress and lower levels of social support and coping behavior.

Conclusion

Mothers of children with cerebral palsy are vulnerable to burnout. These results show that effective strategies for reducing parental stress and improving positive coping behavior are needed to reduce burnout in these mothers.

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Relationship between Dyadic Coping and Parental Burnout: The Chain Mediation Effect of Marital Satisfaction and Co-Parenting
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E. A. Boiko, V. L Malygin, E. I. Glushchenko
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Factors Influencing Burnout in Primary Family Caregivers of Hospital-based Home Care Patients
Ju Ok Yang, Hye Kyung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(1): 54. CrossRef

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The Effect of Supportive Nursing on the Stress Reaction of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Jum Hee Park; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):912-922. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.912

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supportive nursing one stress reaction of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used for this experimental study. The subjects were 32 patients who were receiving chemotherapy after mastectomies at K hospital in Taegu from June, 1994 to June 1995. Among 32 subjects, 16 were placed in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. The experimental and control groups were tested for general characteristics, trait anxiety, health locus of control, family support, state anxiety, hopelessness, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. Collected data was analyzed by means of a chisquare test and a t-test for the comparative analysis of the general characteristics and homogeneity of subjects. ANOVA, and MANOVA were used for testing the hypothesis. Reliability of the tools were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The hypothesis ; The stress reaction of the experimental group which took supportive nursing was lower than the stress reaction of the control group ; this was supported statistically. The main variable influenced in stress reaction was hopelessness. Supportive nursing for breast cancer patients, who are receiving chemotherapy, was especially effective in the reduction of hopelessness compared to state anxiety, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. 2. An analysis of the difference on stress reaction, according to the frequency of supportive nursing between the control and experimental group showed the level of hopelessness of the experimental group was lower than the control group after four supportive meeting sessions. But there was no statistical difference in state anxiety, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. In conclusion, this study supported utilization of supportive care as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of the System-Developmental Stress Model developed by Chrisman and Riehl-Sisca.

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Effects of a Social Support Group on Burden and Well-being of Mothers of Developmentally Delayed Children: Ka Sil Oh; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):389-400. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.389

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This study examined the effects of group social support on the reduction of burden and increase in well-being of mothers of developmentally delayed children. The research used a one group pre-post experimental design. The independent variable in the experiment was group social support. Two series of 4-weekly meetings for group social support were conducted by the researcher with the intention of developing a self-help group. The dependent variables were burden and well-being. Well-being was operationalized as physical symptoms and quality of life. Thirty mothers of developmentally delayed infants from the rehabilitation center of a medical center participated in the study. Data were collected by interview and a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of the subjects was 29.9 years. Changes of the dependent variables between pre and post tests were compared using the t-test. Even though there was a slight improvement in the scores for the dependent variables, they were not statistically significant. The items, "I resent my baby", "I feel angry about my interactions with my baby", "I feel guilty in my relationship with my baby" showed a significant decrease in burden score and were statistically significant. Symptoms of loneliness, constipation, anxiety, restlessness were less and feeling of happiness was greater after participation in the group social support, than on the pretest. The mothers showed emotional instability and frustrations during the group sessions but their reactions in general were positive. Emotional support, stress management and information provided were identified as the most valuable content of the sessions. However, participation was not active due to the mother's denial, delayed acceptance and/or avoidance of their infants' problems. It can be seen that group social support for the mothers with developmentally delayed children should be provided after infancy when the mothers have time to accept their children's conditions and are ready to receive support. The use of comprehensive instruments which measure burden in both families and mothers needs to be developed for future research.

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Effects of a Sociodrama-based Communication Enhancement Program on Mothers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Pilot Study
Sun Joo Jang, Jong-Sook Han, Myoung Hee Bang, Jung-Won Ahn
Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(2): 114. CrossRef

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A Study, on the Quality, of Life, Family, Support and Hope of Hospitalized and Home Care Cancer Patients: Kae Wha Jo, Myung Ja Kim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):353-363. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.353

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With the occurrence of cancer, most cancer patients experience various emotional changes such as anxiety, depression, and emotional shock. Especially in our country, cancer has been recognized as an incurable disease resulting in death. The number of cancer patients increases daily. But as the survival rate of cancer patients is also increasing, there is a need to find the better methods of nursing care for cancer patients. The purposes of this paper are as follows : 1) To understand family support and hope and quality of life for the cancer patient both during hospitalization and at home. 2) To determine the relationship between family support, hope and quality of life. To examine the problems, we used a questionnaire and obtained data form the records of 45 home care and 94 hospitalized(in 3 university hospitals) Patients in Taegu area from the period of June 15 to August 15, 1996. SPSS /PC was used for the data analysis and the statistical methods used were the T-test and ANOVA. The results of this paper are as follow : 1 ) In the aspect of family support, there is no difference between hospitalized and home care cancer patients(t=1.63, P>0.01 ). 2) In the aspect of hope, hospitalized cancer patients have a higher score than home care cancer patients (t=3.08, P>0.01 ) 3) In the aspect of quality of life, hospitalized cancer patients have a higher score than home care patients(t=2.96, P<.01). 4) There is a correlation between quality of life and hope with a correlation coefficient r=0.5199 and P=0.000. In addition. the correlation coefficient between quality of life and family support is 4179 with P =0.000. 5) The family support of the cancer patient is influenced by sex(F=9.1863, P<0.01), education(F=4.3641, P<0.01) and the level of life (F=5.5002, P<0.01 ). 6) The hope of cancer patients is influenced by the number of hospitalizations (F=3.6413, P<.05), education(F=B.01 13, P<.01 ) and the level of life (F=5.0649, P <.01 ). 7) The quality of life of cancer patients is influenced by the number of hospitalization( F=5.1167, P<0.05), education( F=3.1590, P<0.01 ) and the level of life (F=5.6942, P<1.01 ).

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The Influences of Family Support on the Meaning of Life in Cancer Patients
Min Jung Kim, Min Sung Kim
Journal of Families and Better Life.2023; 41(2): 19. CrossRef
Needs of Hospice Care and Quality of Life for Cancer Patients
In Sun Suh, Mi Hwa Shin, Se Hwa Hong
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2010; 13(2): 89. CrossRef

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Pre-post changes of sexual satisfaction and spouse support of women who have had a hysterectomy: Soon Bok Chang, Seung Eun Jeong; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1995;25(1):173-183. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1995.25.1.173

Abstract PDF: The research questions of this study were: Will the level of sexual satisfaction of women who have had a hysterectomy 4 months before be decreased compare to the level of sexsual satisfaction before the hysterectomy?, Will the level of perceived spouse support of women who have had a hysterectomy 4 months before be decreased compare to the level before the hysterectomy?, and What is the relationship between sexual satisfaction and spouse support? This is a perspective descriptive correlational study. The number of subjects was 44. The subjects were limited to Korean women who had an abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy for non-malignant diseases, were married (living with their husbands), mentally healthy, and premenopause at the time of operation. The instrument was consisted of 4 items of demographic characteristics, 13 items of spouse support, and 10 items of sexual satisfaction. The instrument of sexual satisfaction was a component of the Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory. Data analysis was done by paired t-test to see the differences between the pre- post scores of sexual satisfaction and spouse support. The Pearson Correlation Coefficiency was calculated to see the relationship between the scores of sexual satisfaction and spouse spport of pre-post hysterectomy. Results were summerized as follow: The mean age of the subjects was 43.5 years; 72. 1% of the subjects were above middle school graduates: their mean income level was 1,453,000 Korean won and 86.4% of the subjects have had bilateral oophrectomy. 1. The scores of sexual satisfaction of women at 4 months after hysterectomy was decreased significantly compare to the score before hysterectomy (paired t=. 274, p=.009). 2. The scores of spouse support of the women at 4 months after hysterectomy was not decreased significantly compare to the score before hys-terectomy(paired t=.19, p=.847). 3. The scores of sexual satisfaction and spouse support before hysterectomy was significantly related(r=.5186, p=.000). 4. The scores of sexual satisfaction and spouse support at 4 months after hysterectomy was significantly related (r=.4110, p=.005) It can be concluded that the sexual satistaction level could be decreased 4 months after the hysterectomy, but the spouse support level may not be decreased at 4 months after hysterectomy. Further studies have to be done to identify the factors related to the decrease of sexual satisfaction and spouse support after hysterectomy.

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Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Health Behaviors of Korean Undergraduate Students: Young Joo Park, Sook Ja Lee, Ka Sil Oh, Kyoung Ok Oh, Jeong Ah Kim, Hee Soon Kim, Sang Soon Choi, Sung Eun Yi, Choo Ja Chung, Hoa Yun Jun; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(6):792-802. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.6.792

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study was designed to explore the relationship among social support, experienced stressful life events and health behaviors of Korean undergraduate students, and validate the mediator effect of social support. METHOD: One thousand four hundred fifty-three undergraduate students were randomly selected from five universities located in the middle area of Korea. RESULT: The health behaviors of Korean undergraduates tend to have unhealthy patterns. In the case of the students living without family, experiencing more stressful life events and perceiving lower social support, health behaviors are poor. The relationship between perceived social supports, the frequency of the experienced stressful life events and the score of health behavior patterns is statistically significant. After controlling the effect of social support, the correlation coefficient between the frequency of experienced stressful life events and the score of health behavior patterns was slightly lower. The score of health behaviors between the group with an extremely high score of social support and the group with an extremely low score were statistically significantly different. CONCLUSION: Future studies need to be pursued to develop various strategies such as a health education programs and counseling programs for health maintenance and health promotion of undergraduates.

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Mi-Kyoung Cho, Mi Young Kim, Gisoo Shin
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Min Jung Kim, Yong Soon Shin
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2021; 33(3): 259. CrossRef
Cultural fit of emotions and health implications: A psychosocial resources model
Jiah Yoo, Yuri Miyamoto
Social and Personality Psychology Compass.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
What Causes Health Promotion Behaviors in College Students?
Mi Young Kim, Yu Jeong Kim
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Eun Kyung Shin, Young Taek Doo
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Comparison of Health Behavior, Stress and Stress Coping Type between Undergraduate Nursing Students and Female Students in Other Majors

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A Relevance on Health Perception, Health Knowledge and Health Promotion Behavior of the University students
Sun-Jung KIm, Eun-Young Jung
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(8): 5394. CrossRef
An Influencing Health Promoting Behavior of Perceived Health Status and Self-Efficacy according to major of college students
Hee-Joo Lee
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(2): 989. CrossRef
Influence of Negative Emotion on the Suicidal Ideation in University Student: Mediated Moderating Effect of Explosive Behavior through Gender
Goo-Churl Jeong
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(12): 775. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Health Promotion Behaviors of College Students
Hwanhui Sim, Misook Kim, Kyeongsook Jeong, Jeeun Heo, Eunjung Choi
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(3): 97. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Depression of Korean Female University Students
Kyung-Sook Lee, Chin-Kang Koh, Joo Hyun Kim, Haeng-Mi Son, Mi Ryeong Song, Su Jeong Yu, Kyung Sook Cho
Journal of muscle and joint health.2013; 20(2): 112. CrossRef
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Mi-Ok Kim, Mi Yu, Se-Jin Ju, Kyeong-Suk Kim, Jung-Hyun Choi, Hee-Jeong Kim
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(3): 35. CrossRef

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Information and Social Support Regarding Breastfeeding: A Survey of Mothers in Seoul, South Korea: Heasook Kim, Andrea Crivelli Kovach; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(7):1151-1159. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.7.1151

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND: Pediatric societies throughout the world recommend breastfeeding as the optimal form of infant nutrition. This recommendation is based on extensive epidemiologic research that documents the health, developmental, psychological, social, economic, and environmental benefits to infants, mothers, families, and society. The purpose of this study was to examine breastfeeding information and emotional support received by mothers prenatally, hospital breastfeeding practices, and the relationship between information and support received and breastfeeding initiation and planned feeding method post discharge from the hospital.
METHODS
A 36-item questionnaire was distributed during the Spring 2000 to mothers who delivered babies at maternity centers in Seoul, South Korea. A sample of 52 mothers was surveyed at the time of hospital discharge. The questionnaire was developed based on the literature and reviewed by experts including internationally board certified lactation consultants, a nutritionist, and perinatal nurses. The survey instrument consists of five components: sociodemographic information, breastfeeding information received by mothers prenatally, emotional support regarding the mothers' infant feeding choice, breastfeeding initiation and supplementation, and hospital breastfeeding practices.
RESULTS
Fifty-two breastfeeding mothers at three hospitals completed the survey. The majority of the mothers were 26 to 35 years of age, college graduates, married, had uncomplicated vaginal or planned cesarean deliveries, and primiparas. Forty-nine mothers responded that they decided to breastfeed during their pregnancy. Mothers reported that the information they received during pregnancy was provided primarily by their mothers, or friends and other relatives. The majority of mothers reported that others influenced their infant-feeding decision. Forty mothers reported receiving emotional support for their infant feeding choice during their pregnancy with mothers or mothers-in-law and friends providing the greatest support.
DISCUSSION
Women obtain information prenatally about breastfeeding from many sources-family, friends, written materials, prenatal classes, and health care professionals. There are benefits and drawbacks to information received from multiple sources. Additionally, research has shown that a woman's infant-feeding decision is affected by the type of professional and social support the mother receives. Postpartum professional support for new breastfeeding mothers encompasses multiple dimensions ranging from a follow-up telephone call from the hospital nursing staff to referral to a community resource. Prenatal breastfeeding education on a community-wide basis can provide essential information for future mothers, families, and community support networks. Additional research needs to be done exploring the impact of prenatal, postpartum, and post-discharge support for women on breastfeeding initiation and duration rates.

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Postnatal women’s breastfeeding beliefs, practices, and support during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional comparative study across five countries
K. P. Coca, E. Y. Lee, L. Y. Chien, A. C. P. Souza, P. Kittikul, S. A. Hong, Y. S. Chang
International Breastfeeding Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Postpartum Breast-feeding Support by Nurse on the Breast-feeding Prevalence
Gun Ja Jang, Sun Hee Kim, Kyung Soon Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(1): 172. CrossRef

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Prediction Model of Exercise Behavior in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Eun Ok Lee, In Ja Kim, Jong Im Kim, Hyun Sook Kang, Sang Cheol Bae; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(4):681-691. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.4.681

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE: The exercise status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, associations between exercise behavior and personal factors, and associations between exercise behavior and exercise-specific cognitions and their effects were assessed. METHOD: Four hundred thirty nine outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied. The exercise status was measured by a single item. The intensity was multiplied by the frequency and duration of each exercise. The product of these intensity values for all exercises was defined as exercise behavior. Based on the Pender's revised health promotion model, exercise benefit, barrier, self-efficacy, enjoyment and social support were chosen as exercise specific cognitions and affect variables. Path analysis was used to identify the predictors of exercise behavior. Results: Compared to the duration before being diagnosed, the number of subjects who exercised regularly increased after being diagnosed. However over half of the subjects refrain from any sort of exercise and the type of exercise is very limited. Among the variables, exercise barrier, self-efficacy, and social support were found to be significant predictors of exercise behavior, and only previous exercise experience was found to be significant predictors of all behavior specific cognitions and affect variables. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that studies should explore exercise behaviors and strategies to emphasize the cognitive-motivational messages to promote exercise behaviors.

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Major Effect Models of Social Support and Its Statistical Methods in Korean Nursing Research: Eun Hyun Lee, Jin Sun Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(6):1503-1520. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.6.1503

Abstract PDF

The purpose of the present study is 1) to explain major effect models (main, moderating, and mediating) of social support and statistical methods for testing the effect models and 2) to analyze and evaluate the consistency in the use of the effect models and its statistical methods in Korean nursing studies. A total of 57 studies were selected from Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, Journal of Korean Women's Health Nursing Academic Society, Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing, Journal of Korean Community Nursing, Journal of Korean Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Academic Society, and Journal of Korean Pediatric Nursing Academic Society published in the year of 1990-1999. In results, most studies on social support performed in Korea Nursing Society were about a main effect model. There are few studies on moderating or mediating model of social support. Thus, it was difficult to find research findings how, why, under what conditions social support impacted on health outcomes. Most studies on the moderating or mediating effect model of social support used statistical methods for testing main effect model rather than for testing moderating or mediating effect model. That is, there are inconsistency between effect models of social support and its statistical methods in Korean nursing researches. Therefore, it is recommended to perform studies on moderating or mediating effect model and use appropriate statistical methods.

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Mi-Young Choi, Sunghee Park, Gie Ok Noh
Nurse Education Today.2024; 132: 106038. CrossRef
Measurement Properties of Self-report Questionnaires Published in Korean Nursing Journals
Eun-Hyun Lee, Chun-Ja Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Hyun-Ju Chae, Soo-Yeon Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(1): 50. CrossRef
A Structural Model of Caring Behavior of Mothers of Disabled Children
Ae-Ran Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 673. CrossRef

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The Effect of Social Support Intervention on Mood and Maternal Confidence of Premature's Mothers: In Hae Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1111-1120. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1111

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social support intervention on mood and maternal confidence of premature's mothers. The social support intervention is known to induce improved mood state and provide information on caretaking so as to increase the maternal confidence in the mother of a premature. To systematically investigate its effect, this study employed a nonequivalent randomized post-repeated quasi-experimental design. The intervention was given individually to mothers of prematures five times spanning five weeks. The sample consisted of the 50 mothers (experimental 27, control 23) of a premature. The data were collected using the structured questionaires twice as post tests. Various instruments were used in this study. The POMS developed by Lee(1990) was used to measure the mothers' mood state, Mother and Baby Scales by Wolke et al (1987). The results are as follows: 1. For the hypothesis test to see the effect of the social support intervention, the mean of the experimental group and the control group was compared by means of t-test and the following results are obtained. Hypothesis I. "The mood state of mothers with social support intervention is more positive than that of the mothers without such intervention." was not statistically supported and thus discarded (t=.799, p=.429). However the mean scores were 49.68 and 51.38 for the experimantal and control group, respectively, indicating more positive mood for the experimental group. Hypothesis II. "The maternal confidence of mothers with social support intervention is higher than that of the mothers without the intervention." was statistically supported (t=3.667, p=.001). 2. The mean score of the mood state was highest before discharge (52.29), meaning most negative, declined to 49.68 shortly after the discharge, again increased a bit to 50.07 at four weeks after the discharge, and stabilized to 49.22 around six weeks after the discharge. On the other hand the mean score of the maternal confidence was continuously increased with time. In view of the above results, it is concluded that the social support intervention with a preprogrammed protocol has the definite positive effect on increasing the maternal confidence and positive effect on improving mother's mood state.

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Effects of stress, depression, and spousal and familial support on maternal identity in pregnant women
Hye-Jung Seo, Ju-Eun Song, Youngjin Lee, Jeong-Ah Ahn
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(1): 84. CrossRef
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International Journal of Nursing Studies.2005; 42(1): 21. CrossRef

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The Relationship of Self Efficacy and Social Support to the Psychosocial Adjustment in People with Epilepsy: Seong Mi Moon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):694-708. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.694

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The main purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of self efficacy and social support to the psychosocial adjustment in people with epilepsy. Data were collected from October 1 to October 15, 1999 from 101 people with epilepsy who were being treated regularly at one of the university hospitals located in Seoul. The research instruments were a questionnaire to gather demographic and disease-specific data, the Epilepsy Psycho- Social Effects Scale developed by Chaplin et al(1990), the Epilepsy Self Efficacy Scale developed by DiIorio et al(1992a) and translated by Park(1999), the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire developed by Norbeck et al(1981) and translated by Oh(1985). Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The results are as follow : 1. Of the 14 psychosocial adjustment areas, 75 of 101 subjects experienced problems in ten or more areas and 28 in all 14 areas. The severity of the psychosocial adjustment problem was moderate or more in six areas. 2. The score for self efficacy was an average of 1103.86 out of a possible 1800, for social support 117.57 for total functional out of a possible 720, and 48.21 for total network out of a possible 264. There were an average of five people on the network. The main network people were parents, brothers and sisters, spouse, friends. 3. Of the 14 psychosocial adjustment areas, six areas correlated with self efficacy and 'problems with taking medication' area had a negative correlation with social support. In conclusion, people with epilepsy have various problems in psychosocial adjustment. Nursing interventions using self efficacy should be developed to improve psychosocial adjustment in people with epilepsy. Also, instruments and interventions for regimen-specific supports which are suitable for epilepsy should be developed.

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Structural Equation Modeling on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Epilepsy
Jeong Ok Ko, Myung Ha Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(5): 624. CrossRef

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A Study Burden, Social Support and Quality of Life in Mothers of a Child with Nephrotic Syndrome: Mi Hae Sung; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):670-681. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.670

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The purpose of this study was to identity the level of burden, social support and quality of life of the subjects. The subjects of this study were 68 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in one pediatric ward of the University Hospital in Seoul. The data was collected using questionnaires, and the period of the data collection was from Nov. 15 to Dec. 31, 1999. The instruments used for this study were the Burden Measurement Instrument developed by Montgomery et. al(1985), social support measurement instrument designed Brandt an Weinert(1978) and Quality of life scale designed by Ro,Yoo JA(1988). The data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of were as follows. 1. The level of burden showed a mean score of 54.47, the level of social support, a mean score of 86.00 and the level quality of life, a mean score of 140.20. 2. The level of burden differed according to mother's religion, patient's purpose for admission and perceived patient's condition by mothers. 3. The level of social support and the level of quality of life differed according to perceived patient's condition by mothers. 4. There was a negative correlation between burden and social support(r=-.348, p<.001). Also, burden was negatively related with quality of life(r=-3.97, p<.001). Social support was positively related with quality of life(r=.064, p<.001).

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Relations between Perceived Burden and Social Support of Stroke Patient's Family Caregiver: Yeo Shin Hong, Moon Ja Suh, Keum Soon Kim, In Ja Kim, Nam Ok Cho, Hee Jung Choi, Sung Hee Jung, Eun Man Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):595-605. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.595

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The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived burden of the stroke patient's caregiver and related factors to analyze relationships between perceived burden and social supports. A convenient sample of 225 caregivers who take care for a stroke patient at home participated in this study. Caregiver's perceived burden was measured by the objective and subjective burden scale developed by Montgomery (1985). Related factors of burden were studied in terms of the patient's instrumental activties of daily living, cognitive function, caregiver's demographic variables and caregiver's illness intrusiveness. The results were as follows: (1) The mean of objective burden score was 4.5, and subjective burden score was 3.1. These scores show that caregivers perceive moderate level of burden. (2) Caregivers' objective burden was significantly related to caregivers's illness intrusiveness (r=.62), patient's IADL (r=-.33), and patient's cognitive function (r=-.15). The subjective burden was related to the caregiver's illness intrusiveness (r=.29), the patient's IADL (r=.24), and the caregiver's age(r=.23). (3) The percentage of stroke caregivers who perceived physical support was 49.1%. The percentage of those who perceived emotional support was 61.0%, and those who perceived financial support totaled 37.6%. (4) Caregivers who received any type of social supports perceived lower subjective burden, and caregivers who received physical or psychological support perceived lower objective burden. These results emphasized the necessity of a rehabilitation programs for stroke patients and support program for family caregivers.

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Factors Associated with Weight Control Behaviors Among High School females with Normal Body Weight: Ok Soo Kim, Hee Sang Yoon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):391-401. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.391

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This descriptive study was designed to identify the factors associated with weight control behaviors among 273 high school girls with normal body weight. The objectives of the study were i) to evaluate subjective obesity and satisfaction with the body shape, ii) to describe the weight control behaviors and the motivation, iii) to reveal the relationships between the weight control behaviors and BMI (Body Mass Index), iv) to investigate the relationships between the weight control behaviors and subjective obesity and satisfaction with the body shape, and v) to investigate the relationships between the weight control behaviors and family support. The results showed that 62.6% of the adolescent girls with normal weight perceived that they were fatty and 9.9% thought they were obese. Seventy-five percent of them were not satisfied with their body shape. Eighty percent of the participants reported the main motivation of weight control was to have an attractive appearance. In this study, self-reported weight control methods included dieting (64.8%, skipping or reducing meals), exercise (36.6%), and special dieting (20.1%) such as eating an increased amount of juice or vegetables. It was shown that the subjects who were not satisfied with their body shape and perceived themselves as fatty or obese were active in exercise, diet, and other special diets. Subjects who were on diets and special diets had a higher level of BMI than who were not on diet and special diet. Subjects who exercise had a lower level of BMI than who did not exercised. Family support was significantly related to exercise behavior. The research suggested that there is a increasing responsibility for school nurse to instruct on the body shape and weight control behaviors through health education and consultation. Also, the results suggested that it is important to develop proper diet and exercise methods for adolescents girls to maintain their weight and health.

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A Study on Quality of Life and Related Factors of Ostomates: Kyung Sook Song, Young Sook Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(4):817-828. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.4.817

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This is a descriptive study on quality of life(QOL) and related factors of ostomates to provide a basic data for development of nursing interventions. The subjects were 110 ostomates who were members of the Daegu or Daejon branches of the Korean Ostomy Association. Data collection was performed between March 1st and April 6th, 1998. Measurements of QOL, self-care, family support, self-esteem, and hope were used as the study tools. Data were analyzed with the SAS program by using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The results are as follows : 1) The score on the QOL scale ranged from 97 to 226 with a mean of 164.53(+/-28.29). 2) The score of QOL on the general and ostomate-related characteristic showed significant differences according to monthly income, monthly participation in ostomate meetings, combined treatments after operation, types of evacuation management, problems of ostomy, help in caring for the ostomy, length of time since ostomate surgery, and presence or absence of readmission after discharge. 3) There were significant positive correlations between quality in life and other factors ; self-esteem(r=0.7107, P<0.001), hope(r=0.6584, P<0.001) family support(r=0.6191, P<0.001), perception of health condition(r=0.6017, P<0.001), and self-care(r=0.2286, P<0.05). 4) The variables that affected the quality of life of the subjects were self-esteem, level of family support, perception of health condition, monthly participation in ostomate meetings, combined treatments after operation, monthly income, level of hope, and age in that order. The variance of quality of life was R2=77.20 percent by calculating the sum of those variables. In conclusion, it is necessary for nursing intervention to promote self-esteem, family support, and hope in the care of ostomates in order to improve QOL.

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Effects of social support and self‐efficacy on the psychosocial adjustment of Korean ostomy patients
Keum Hee Nam, Heui Yeoung Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Ki‐Noh Kang, Soo Yang Na, Bok Hee Han
International Wound Journal.2019; 16(S1): 13. CrossRef

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