This study on stress and coping method of psychiatric patients and non-psychiatric peoples was applied to people who was divided into two groups from Sep. 25 to Oct. 3, 1978. One is hospitalized patients in psychiatric wards of four hospitals in Seoul. The other is inhibitants in two Dongs of Seoul. This study purposed to the identification of the difference of stressful events' numbers, the severity of stress, and difference of coping methods between psychiatric patients and non-psych-iatric peoples. Two instruments are used in this study. The first one to measure stress, is Holmes & Rahe (1967)'s SRRQ (Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire), which is amended, added or omitted through preliminary test, so that it consists of 48 items. The second one is for evaluating coping method on stress. It consists of 34 items amended through preliminary test after consideration of related literature review and survey on the basis of J.M.Bell (1977)'s "18-item-Questionnaire". The materials were analized by S.P.S.S. Program. The results of analysis are as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in stressful event's numbers between psychiatric patients and non- psychiatric peoples (P > 0.5). 2. Psychiatric patients had higher severity of stress than non-psychiatric peoples (P <0.5). 3. Psychiatric patients took more short-term coping methods than non-psychiatric peoples (P<0.5).

This literature review was undertaken to explore theoretical models of depression for their potential usefulness in nursing research and practice. Depression has been accounted for by numerous theories or models of causation ; 11 theories selected from psychology, medicine and psychoanalysis and supported by empirical or experimental research were reviewed. These theories identify a variety of precipitating and predisposing factors that may affect the individual's depression. Aggression-turned-inward theory, object loss theory, ego functioning theory, personality organization theory, behavioral theory, learned helplessness theory, cognitive theory, genetic factors, and biological theories conceptualize predisposing factorrs. Only life stressors theory identifies precipitating facotrs. Each of these theories contributes to an understanding of depression, but many of them use overlapping and interrelated factors. It is also evident from recent research that there are multiple causes for depression involving an interactive effect among predisposing and precipitating factors that are both biological and psychological in origin. That is. a single theory is not useful, but perhaps a unified theory could be developed that would be helpful to nursing. This review points to the need for continuing development and testing of theories that would integrate the multiple conceptualizations of depression.

This study examined the daily rhythmic patterns of mood in shift workers. Ten rotating shift nurses (shift worker group) were matched with ten non-rotating student nurses (non-shift worker group) working under the same conditions at CUniversity Hospital. The subjecs completed the Mood Adjective Checkist(MAC) every two or three hours from 6AM to 9-11 PM for six consecutive days. The MAC was constructed by Mansour and coversed the mood factors of Anger-Depression. Happiness, Mental, and Social. These data were analyzed by using Cosinor method. The results are summarized as follows; 1. There was no difference in mean scores for Anger-Depression, Happiness, Mental, and Social mood rhythm between the shift workers and the non-shift workers. 2. There was no difference in the amplitude of Anger-Depression, Happiness and Social mood between the two groups, but the shift workers had a higher amplitude of Mental mood. 3. The acrophases of the Anger -Depression mood were between 1:28 and 2:05, and those of Happiness, Social, and Mental mood were between 12:5 and 15:03 for both groups. There were no diffirences between the groups. 4. The number of the subjects with statistically significant mean cosinor rhythms for Anger-Depression and Mental moods were higher in the shift workers than in the non shift workers, but there were no differences between the shift workers and the non-shift workers in those of Happiness and Mental mood. This study showed that the mood manifested circadian periodicities, and a rapidly rotating shift system did not changed the circadian rhythm of mood. It is expected that this study will facilitate a better understanding of circadian rhythm in mood in the shift workers.

This study was to find out the perception of toward death and caring behavior of lay parsons in one community : One Island in Pusan County, Chonbuk. The methodology of this study was ethnography. For this study, The fieldwork was conducted from October 1997 to July 1998. Data collected by in-depth interview and participant observations. The participants consisted of were 17 persons of both sexes. The key informants were four specific people. The result of this study is as follows; The people perceived two different kinds of death. Normal death, which means death from old age. The person was respected as an ancestor God and was believed to exist forever with their offspring. Abnormal death was regarded as negative, many had fears toward this king of death. The causes of abnormal death were supernatural phenomena and had absolute holy meanings. Whether death was good or bad, The death was not personal, but collective events as family or community affairs and was interpreted as death and birth for their offsprings. Funeral rites were family-centered and/or community-centered. The did normal procedures for normal deaths for abnormal deaths, there were many protective ceremonies(BuJungmagi : the prevention of the taboo of uncleanliness) for the remaining people. These ceremonies combined confucism and shamanism. Caring behavior for dying persons was ruled as community-centered, reciprocal and reality-centered principles.