The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training on the length and circumference of atrophied muscles to see whether improvement in restoring the atrophied muscle mass, of either length or circumference growth could be induced through exercise training. Adult female Wistar rats maintained for 14 days with hindlimb suspension. Rats were then assigned randomly to a sedentary group or training group. The length and circumference of both atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle for the training and sedentary groups following hindlimb suspension were compared with those of a control group. Length and circumference of both atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle in trained group was compared with those in the sedentary group. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1) Atrophy of soleus and plantaris muscle was induced with hindlimb suspension. 2) The circumference of both the soleus and plantaris muscle following hindlimb suspension was reduced to 51.72%, 66.67% respectively compared to the control group. The length of both the soleus and plantaris muscle following hindlimb suspension did not show any difference compared to the control group. 3) There was no difference in length for either the atrophied soleus or plantaris muscle between the trained and the sedentary group during recovery from hindlimb suspension. 4) The circumference of both the atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle did not return to normal in the sedentary group, however, the circumference of both the atrophied soleus and pantaris muscle were significantly greater than of the control in the trained group, 14.22% and 9.38% respectively 5) The circumference of both the atrophied soleus and plantaris muscle in the trained group was significantly larger than that of both muscles in the sedentary group at day 28 of recovery. From these results, it can be suggested that improvement in restoring the atrophied muscle mass through exercise training might be induced by growth of the muscle circumference.

The purpose of study were to investigate the prenatal psychological adaptation and the perception of birth experience, and the identify the relationship between them. The subjects consisted of 162 women who visited the obstetrical outpatient clinic for prenatal examinations and who delivered the in babies at SNUH during the period from June 20 to August 10, 1990. The tools used for measurement were Lederman's Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire and Marut & Mercer's scale of the Perception of Birth. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The orders and item means of psychosocial adaptation in pregnancy were the Acceptance of pregnancy(1.58). Identification of motherhood role(1.63). Relationship with husband(1.65) and Relationship with mother(1.67). The preparation for labor, concern for wellbeing of self and baby, and fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control were found to be less adaptive. 2. The level of the perception of the birth experience was mid-range(item mean : 3.22). The score of the perception of birth experience for primiparas was higher than for multiparas. However there was not a significant difference the group. There were significant differences in the perception of the birth experience between certain general characteristics, namely, sex of the baby(p<0.05), type of delivery(p<0.005), and type of anesthesia(p<0.005). 3. There were significant differences in the perception of the birth experience between the groups below the mean and above the mean of concern for wellbeing of self and baby, Fear of pain, Helplessness and loss of control, Relationship with husband and Identification of motherhood role(p<0.05). The perception of the birth experience was predicted by Fear of pain, Helplessness and loss of control(11%), Type of Delivery(6%), Concern for wellbeing of self and baby(3%), Preparation for labor(1%), sex of baby(1%), Relationship with mother(1%), Parity(1%) and Identification of motherhood role(1%). The Childbirth education should be revised to improve the psychosocial adaptation in pregnancy.