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Research Paper

Relationships among Knowledge and Skills about Suicide Prevention, Attitudes toward Suicide, and Burnout of Suicide Prevention Work of Nurses at Mental Health Welfare Centers: A Mixed Methods Study: Dong, Hee-Ra , Seo, Ji Min; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(1):92-104. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21189

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify relationships among knowledge and skills about suicide prevention, attitudes toward suicide, and burnout of suicide prevention work of nurses at mental health welfare centers.
Methods
An explanatory sequential mixed-method research was conducted. For the quantitative study, the subjects (nurses) were 133 nurses executing suicide prevention work. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. For the qualitative research, 13 nurses with high burnout scores were interviewed. The data were analyzed using theme analysis method.
Results
Quantitative results showed the average burnout of suicide prevention work was 54.62 ± 12.51. The burnout of suicide prevention work had significant correlations with attitudes toward suicide (r = .30, p < .001) and suicide prevention skills (r = - .18,p = .037). Qualitative results showed six themes related to burnout of suicide prevention work. They were ‘feeling a lack of confidence in one’s suicide counselling skills’, ‘feeling of the limits of one’s ability to cope with a suicide crisis’, ‘feeling regret for not being able to help the clients’, ‘being over-empathetic to the clients’, ‘Not being able to understand the clients because the subjects (nurses) opposes committing suicide’, and ‘thinking that the suicidal thoughts of suicide attempters do not improve’.
Conclusion
To reduce burnout of nurses’ suicide prevention work at mental health welfare centers, there is a need to develop an educational program considering nurses' attitudes toward suicide and one to enhance their confidence in suicide prevention skills.

Citations

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Influence of Self-leadership, Managers’ Authentic Leadership, and Nurses' Organizational Culture Relationships on Hospital Nurses’ Organizational Silence: A Mixed Method Study
Hyun-Ju Lee, So-Young Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 404. CrossRef
Evaluation of Internet-Based Training in Trauma Care for Nurses in Mental Health Welfare Centers: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Sunah Kim, Go-Un Kim, Jinyoung Park
Journal of Primary Care & Community Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Letter to the Editor

How Should We Approach Nurse Suicide in Korea: With the Aspect of Prevention-InterventionPostvention Management: Kim, Hyoung Suk , Bae, Hyun Ji , Kang, Kyeong Hwa; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(4):408-413. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21171

Abstract PDF

Recently, nurse suicide has emerged as one of the major issues. We tried to review the status of nurse suicide and its management in Korea through inspecting related web sites, news articles, and research. However, there were no sufficient reports or statistics along with the research throughout the country. Moreover, there were no organized nurse suicide management systems or programs including suicide prevention, suicide intervention, suicide postvention management. In other countries, there were various trials and successful experiences about nurse suicide programs, and those have been managed in organized and integrated ways. It gave us a lot of implications. To effectively prevent and manage the nurse suicide in Korea, nursing workforce, nursing managers, and nursing researchers should be concerned about nurse suicide. Furthermore, discussions and the research must be made actively. Based on such efforts, appropriate programs, organized manage systems, and policies must be devised at institution and national level.

Citations

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Images of Nurses Appeared in Media Reports Before and After Outbreak of COVID-19: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Min Young Park, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Eun Jee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 291. CrossRef
Factors Affecting the Quality of Work Life of Nurses at Tertiary General Hospitals in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Eunhee Hwang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4718. CrossRef
Dis-eases of Korean nurses: a women’s health perspective
Moon Jeong Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(4): 268. CrossRef

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Research Paper

Comparison of the Prediction Model of Adolescents’ Suicide Attempt Using Logistic Regression and Decision Tree: Secondary Data Analysis of the 2019 Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey: Lee, Yoonju , Kim, Heejin , Lee, Yesul , Jeong, Hyesun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):40-53. Published online February 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20207

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and compare the prediction model for suicide attempts by Korean adolescents using logistic regression and decision tree analysis. Methods: This study utilized secondary data drawn from the 2019 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based survey. A total of 20 items were selected as the explanatory variables (5 of sociodemographic characteristics, 10 of health-related behaviors, and 5 of psychosocial characteristics). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression with complex samples and decision tree analysis were performed using IBM SPSS ver. 25.0 and Stata ver. 16.0.
Results
A total of 1,731 participants (3.0%) out of 57,303 responded that they had attempted suicide. The most significant predictors of suicide attempts as determined using the logistic regression model were experience of sadness and hopelessness, substance abuse, and violent victimization. Girls who have experience of sadness and hopelessness, and experience of substance abuse have been identified as the most vulnerable group in suicide attempts in the decision tree model.
Conclusion
Experiences of sadness and hopelessness, experiences of substance abuse, and experiences of violent victimization are the common major predictors of suicide attempts in both logistic regression and decision tree models, and the predict rates of both models were similar. We suggest to provide programs considering combination of high-risk predictors for adolescents to prevent suicide attempt.

Citations

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Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Female Adolescents With Smartphone Overdependence
Hyeongyeong Yoon
Journal of Pediatric Health Care.2025; 39(2): 225. CrossRef
Public discourse on substance use behavior as a driver of public policy: a scoping review of South Korean academic and official literature
Meekang Sung, Jihye Han, Carrie G. Wade, Vaughan W. Rees
Addiction Research & Theory.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Risk prediction models for adolescent suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ruitong Li, Yuchuan Yue, Xujie Gu, Lingling Xiong, Meiqi Luo, Ling Li
Psychiatry Research.2025; 347: 116405. CrossRef
The use of machine learning on administrative and survey data to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a systematic review
Nibene H. Somé, Pardis Noormohammadpour, Shannon Lange
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A prediction model for adolescents’ skipping breakfast using the CART algorithm for decision trees: 7th (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sun A Choi, Sung Suk Chung, Jeong Ok Rho
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 300. CrossRef
Development of Prediction Model for Suicide Attempts Using the Korean Youth Health Behavior Web-Based Survey in Korean Middle and High School Students
Younggeun Kim, Sung-Il Woo, Sang Woo Hahn, Yeon Jung Lee, Minjae Kim, Hyeonseo Jin, Jiyeon Kim, Jaeuk Hwang
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2023; 62(3): 95. CrossRef
Effects of Stress on Suicide Behavior among Adolescents: An Analysis of Online Survey Data on Youth Health Behavior Using Propensity Score Matching
Chung Hee Woo, Ju Young Park
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2021; 29(3): 199. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Development and Evaluation of the Life Respect Enhancement Program for Nursing Officers: Hwang, Sunyoung , Choi, Heeseung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):599-610. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20055

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The present study was conducted to develop the Life Respect Enhancement Program and test its effectiveness on suicide knowledge, suicide intervention skills, self-efficacy in suicide prevention, and gatekeeper behaviors among nursing officers.
Methods
The program was developed according to the ADDIE model and finalized after practical need analysis, expert verification, and a preliminary study. The present study used a concurrent embedded mixed-method research design. To compare the effects of the Program and the control group on the outcome variables, a quantitative study was conducted using a nonequivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. Quantitative data were analyzed using c 2 -tests, t-tests, and RM-ANOVA. A qualitative study was conducted using FGI with six members of the experimental group 3 months after intervention completion.
Results
In total, 56 nursing officers participated in the 3-month follow-up test. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvements in suicide knowledge, suicide intervention skills, and self-efficacy in suicide prevention scores at post-test. The significant group differences in suicide knowledge and suicide intervention skills were maintained at 3 months. The gatekeeper behavior scores of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group at 3 months. Qualitative analysis of the participants’ experiences with the Program yielded two themes and seven sub-themes.
Conclusion
The newly developed Life Respect Enhancement Program demonstrates significant effects on suicide knowledge, suicide intervention skills, and gatekeeper behaviors. Thus, this program is recommended to promote suicide prevention competencies among nursing officers in military clinical settings.

Citations

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Application status of ADDIE Model in Nursing Field
海龙郭
Nursing Science.2021; 10(06): 755. CrossRef

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1 Crossref

Development and Evaluation of Suicide Prevention Nursing Competency Programs for Visiting Nurses: Jung Eun Kim, Suk-Sun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):14-25. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.14

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to develop a suicide prevention nursing competency program for visiting nurses, and to examine the effect of this program on suicide prevention-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

Methods:

A total of 66 visiting nurses were recruited from 10 public health centers and divided equally into the experimental and control group. For the experimental group, the suicide prevention nursing competency program was provided twice a week for 120 minutes across 3 weeks. Participants were asked questions related to suicide prevention knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors at pre, post, and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and Friedman test.

Results:

There were significant differences in knowledge and behaviors at the measured time periods, and significant differences in attitudes and behaviors between the two groups. There were also significant interactions between groups and times in attitudes and behaviors. These results suggest that the effects of the program were persistent until the 1-month follow-up.

Conclusion

The developed suicide prevention nursing competency program is effective in evidence-based education for visiting nurses to increase suicide prevention-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

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Evaluating the Longitudinal Efficacy of Suicide CARE (a Korean Standard Gatekeeper Training Program) in a General Community Sample: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jinmi Seol, Hwa-Young Lee, Sang Min Lee, Seon Wan Ki, Sung Joon Cho, Kang Seob Oh, Jong-Woo Paik
Psychiatry Investigation.2024; 21(12): 1329. CrossRef
Factors Related to Nursing Practices of General Visiting Nurses for Clients With Suicidal Ideation in Japan
Tomoko Chijiiwa, Kayoko Ishimura, Mutsuo Deguchi
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services.2023; 61(1): 47. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Gatekeeper Training for Families of People With Mental Disorders in Korea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Deuk-Kweon You, Jeoung-Mo Son, Tae-Yeon Hwang
Psychiatry Investigation.2023; 20(12): 1185. CrossRef
Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention on Clinical Competency among Mental Health Nurses Working at a Government Mental Health Hospital: A Quasi-experimental Study
Manal S.J. Alzahrani, Loujain S. Sharif
The Open Nursing Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationships among Knowledge and Skills about Suicide Prevention, Attitudes toward Suicide, and Burnout of Suicide Prevention Work of Nurses at Mental Health Welfare Centers: A Mixed Methods Study
Hee-Ra Dong, Ji Min Seo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(1): 92. CrossRef
How Should We Approach Nurse Suicide in Korea: With the Aspect of Prevention-Intervention-Postvention Management
Hyoung Suk Kim, Hyun Ji Bae, Kyeong Hwa Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(4): 408. CrossRef

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A Comparison of Stressors and Coping Behaviors of the High School Students who have Suicidal Ideation vs those who do not: Sook Bin Im, Chul Soon Jung; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(2):254-264. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.2.254

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify and compare the stressors and coping behaviors of high school students who experienced suicidal ideation vs those who do not. METHOD: The data were collected from 1,441 high school students living in the middle region of Korea. Researchers collected the data using Adolescent Stress Inventory and Adolescent Coping questionnare from February to May of 1999. Data were analyzed using X2, T-test. RESULT: A significant proportion (31.9%) of subjects had thought about suicide during the past 6 months, 297 girls (35.3%) and 163 boys (27.2%). Major stressors of subjects who experienced suicidal ideation were academic problems, conflicts between family members, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. Conflicts with family members contributed to have suicidal ideation. There was no significant difference in helpful coping behaviors between the two groups. The group who experienced suicidal ideation had lower scores and fewer coping behaviors. Boys perceived more stressors and had fewer helpful coping behaviors than girls. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develope school-based suicide prevention programs. Our findings suggest that the program should focus on problems related to studying and conflicts within the family.

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Development and validation of suicide crisis scale for international students in South Korea
Ki-Hyun Choi, Jung Hee Ha, Juliet Jue
Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Self Esteem, Family Support and Adaptation to School Life on Adolscents' Suicidal Ideation
Se-Young Jang
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(2): 11. CrossRef
Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Awareness and, Attitude of Suicide in High School Students
Sung-Ho Song, In-Sun Kwon
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(6): 2680. CrossRef
Illness Experience of Adolescents with Hematologic Malignancies
Sun Young Son
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(5): 603. CrossRef
An ecological understanding of youth suicide in South Korea
Seung-yeon Lee, Jun Sung Hong, Dorothy L. Espelage
School Psychology International.2010; 31(5): 531. CrossRef

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Effects of a Nurse Presence Program on Suicide Prevention for Elders with a Chronic Disease: Kae Hwa Jo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(7):1027-1038. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1027

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a nurse presence program on suicide prevention for elders with chronic disease. METHOD: The subjects were recruited from two different elderly institutions located in D city and K province, Korea. Twenty subjects in the control group received no intervention and nineteen subjects in the experimental group received a nurse presence program. RESULT: There were more significant decreases in suicide ideation, and the cortisol level and increases in life satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: According to the above results, a nurse presence program for elders with a chronic disease decreased stressful events like suicide ideation and increased self esteem through therapeutic interaction. These findings suggest that this program can be used as an efficient independent nursing intervention for elders in a critical situation.

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The Effect of Depression and Suicide Prevention Program for Vulnerable Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Jae-Soon Yoo, Hyun-Sook Kim, Hyon-Jin Yon
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2882. CrossRef
Effects of Nurse Presence Program on Anxiety and Physiological Indicators in Patients with Gynecological Surgery
Yun Jeong Kim, Kae Hwa Jo
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2014; 16(4): 326. CrossRef
Power Analysis in Experimental Designs with t test Analysis
Jeong-Hee Kang, Kyung-Sook Bang, Sung-Hee Ko
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2009; 15(1): 120. CrossRef

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Validation of a Path Model on Adolescents' Suicidal Ideation and Violent Behavior: Hyun Sook Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(6):835-843. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.835

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study examined the fitness of a path model on the relationship among stress, self-esteem, aggression, depression, suicidal ideation, and violent behavior for adolescents. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 1,177 adolescents. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires. The data was analyzed by the SPSS and AMOS programs. RESULTS: Stress, self-esteem, aggression, and depression showed a direct effect on suicidal ideation for adolescents, while stress, self-esteem, and aggression showed an indirect effect on suicidal ideation for adolescents. Stress, self-esteem, aggression, and suicidal ideation showed a direct effect on violent behavior for adolescents, while stress, self-esteem, aggression, and depression showed an indirect effect on violent behavior for adolescents. The modified path model of adolescent's suicidal ideation and violent behavior was proven correct. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that adolescent's suicidal ideation and violent behavior can be decreased by reducing stress, aggression, and depression and increasing self-esteem. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes reducing stress, aggression, and depression and increasing self-esteem in order to decrease adolescents' suicide ideation and violence.

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David Detullio, Tom D. Kennedy, Danielle H. Millen
Aggression and Violent Behavior.2022; 64: 101576. CrossRef
The Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation according to Age Groups among the Adolescents in Korea
Eun-Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2018; 18(1): 42. CrossRef
A predictive model of suicidal ideation in Korean college students
Geunmyun Kim, Sunkyung Cha
Public Health Nursing.2018; 35(6): 490. CrossRef
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Mi Heui Jang, Gyungjoo Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(2): 165. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(5): 652. CrossRef
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The Development and the Effectiveness of a Integrative Group Counseling Program for Depression, Suicide Ideation, and Stress in High School Students
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(3): 364. CrossRef
The Effects of the Peer Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Program for Middle School Students
Jung Nam Sohn
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2011; 20(1): 111. CrossRef
Development of a Multisystem Core Competency Support Model to Prevent Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents
Hyun Sook Park, Sun Young Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(3): 278. CrossRef
A Meta-Analysis of Variables Related to Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents
Bo Young Kim, Chung Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 651. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 851. CrossRef
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Hyun Sook Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(4): 513. CrossRef

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Attitudes of Elderly Koreans toward Suicide: a Q-Methodological Approach: Kae Hwa Jo, Hyun Ji Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(6):905-916. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.6.905

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of suicide attitudes among the Korean elderly.

Method

The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four selected Q-statements from 38 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distributionusing a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program.

Result

Three types of suicide attitudes for research subjects in Korean elderly were identified. Type I is understanding suicide-self conquest and labor type, Type II is opposing suicide-family band foundation type, and Type III is sympathizing with suicide-painful situation escaping type.

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that different approaches of suicide prevention programs are recommended based on the three types of suicide attitudes among Korean elderly.

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A Study of Subjectivity among Nursing Students Regarding Suicide Attempters
Jeong Lim Cho, Eun Nam Lee, Eun Young Park
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2017; 23(3): 341. CrossRef
Preparation to Perform Activities of Suicide Prevention according to Professional Type
Kyongran Park, Gyungjoo Lee, Min Kwon, Mijung Yeom, Soo Yang
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2015; 29(1): 40. CrossRef
Family Type and Health Behaviors in Elderly : Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2010-2012
Yu-Hyeon Yi, Yun-Jin Kim, Duk-Young Cho
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2014; 8(4): 199. CrossRef
A Phenomenological Study of Suicide Attempts in Elders
Mi Young Im, Yun Jeong Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(1): 61. CrossRef
Awareness and Attitude Toward Suicide in Community Mental Health Professionals and Hospital Workers
Soung-Nam Kim, Kang-Sook Lee, Seon-Young Lee, Jae-Hee Yu, A-Rum Hong
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(3): 183. CrossRef

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Predictors of Suicidal Ideation for Adolescents by Gender: Hyun Sook Park, Hyun Young Koo, Karen G Schepp; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(8):1433-1442. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.8.1433

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the differences in suicidal ideation and psychological variables by gender, 2) compare the contribution of demographic-behavioral variables and psychosocial variables in explaining the variance in suicidal ideation, and 3) identify the most important predictors of suicidal ideation for male adolescents and female adolescents.

Methods

The subjects consisted of 271 male adolescents and 230 female adolescents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, which were constructed to include SSI-C, DEP subscale of the SCL-90-R, PACI, and SWLS. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN program.

Results

Suicidal ideation differed by gender. Depression and family communication differed by gender. The unique contribution of demographic-behavioral variables and psychosocial variables in explaining the variance in suicidal ideation differed between male adolescents and female adolescents. The significant predictors of suicidal ideation for male adolescents were life satisfaction, depression, and family communication, explaining 28% of the variance in suicidal ideation. The significant predictors of suicidal ideation for female adolescents were depression, smoking, and life satisfaction, explaining 38% of the variance in suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that the approach to effective suicide prevention program for adolescents should consider gender differences.

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The Relationships of Internet Addiction, Depression, and Suicidal ideation in Adolescents: Eun Jung Ryu, Kwi Soon Choi, Jeong Seok Seo, Bum Woo Nam; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):102-110. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.102

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to identify the state of internet addiction and to investigate the relationships among internet addiction, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Method

Participants were 1,670 high school students in an urban city. The Internet Addiction Scale was used to measure internet addiction, the DISC-MDD-SQ was used to measure depression, and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-JR was used to measure suicidal ideation.

Result

38.1% of participants were perceived to be in the early stages of internet addiction and 1.5% reported heavy addiction. Overall the internet addiction scale score was 37.57(±12.52). The differences of internet addiction in sample characteristics were found to be significant in rank in class. The differences in DISC-MDD-SQ and IAS scores among the states of internet addiction were statistically significant. The level of internet addiction correlated positively to the level of depression and suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

Based upon these findings, there were significant positive correlations among Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. As schools are often the first line for the identification of potential life-threatening behaviors, nurses, especially school-based health professionals, need to be cognizant of measures and procedures for the assessment of Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation.

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Life Experience following Suicide Attempt among Middle-aged Men: Eun-Young Chin, Hyun Kyung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(2):215-225. Published online April 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.215

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was performed to identify the meaning of life experience following suicide attempt among middle-aged men.

Methods

A qualitative research design was adopted using van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The participants were six middle-aged men who had attempted suicide at least one time. Data were collected in 2013 through in-depth interviews. Individual interviews were recorded; and literary, art works and phenomenological literature were searched to identify the meaning of the experience.

Results

The five essential themes of the life experience of middle-aged men who attempted suicide were 'Bitter reality confronted again', 'Anger buried deep inside', 'Broken family, inescapable fetters', 'Blocked relationships, closed world' and 'A step towards a new life'.

Conclusion

The meaning of lived experience found in this study provides deep insight into the experience following suicide attempt in middle-aged men and crucial information to give directions to appropriate support and nursing interventions.

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Exploring the Lives of Korean College Students Who Attempted Suicide: A Qualitative Study
Min-Soo Kang, Hye-Young Jang
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Illness Experiences of People with Young-onset Dementia
Suyoun Ahn, Yeojin Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(1): 67. CrossRef
Latent Class Analysis for Health-Related Quality of Life in the Middle-Aged Male in South Korea
Youngsuk Cho, Dong Moon Yeum
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A Qualitative Study of Korean Men Experiencing Stress Due to Nonprestigious Hakbeol
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Development of a Korean Geriatric Suicidal Risk Scale (KGSRS): Sang Ju Lee, Jung Soon Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):59-68. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.59

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Increase in suicide rate for senior citizens which has become widespread in our society today. It is not a normal social phenomenon and is beyond the danger level. The contents of this study include Korean senior citizens' suicide related risk factors and warning signs, and the development of a simple Geriatric Suicide Risk Scale.

Methods

This study is Methodological Research to verify reliability and validity of the Geriatric Suicide Risk Scale according to the tool development process suggested by Devellis (2012).

Results

For predictive validity assessment, high suicide screening accuracy was showed with an Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of .93. For the optimal cutoff point of 11, sensitivity was 93.9%, and specificity, 75.7% which are excellence levels. Cross validity for assessment of generalization possibility showed the Area under the ROC curve (AUC) as .82 and in case of a cutoff point of 11, sensitivity was 73.7%, and specificity, 65.9%.

Conclusion

When it comes to practical nursing, it is significant that the Korean Geriatric Suicide Risk Scale has high reliability and validity through adequate tool development and the tool assessment step to select degree of suicide risk of senior citizens. Also, it can be easily applied and does not take a long time to administer. Further, it can be used by health care personnel or the general public.

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Suicide Screening Questionnaire-Self-Rating (SSQ-SR): Development, Reliability, and Validity in a Clinical Sample of Korean Adults
Vidal Yook, Young-Hwan Choi, Min Jeong Gu, Hojeong Won, Sook-Young Won, Dong Hun Lee, Hong Jin Jeon
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Review of Suicide Risk Assessment Tools and Their Measured Psychometric Properties in Korea
In-Chul Baek, Soobin Jo, Eun Ji Kim, Ga Ryoung Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Hong Jin Jeon
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Experience of College Students on Suicide Attempts: Yong-Mi Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(3):397-411. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.397

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experience of Korean college students on suicide attempts.

Methods

Eight students participated and data were collected through in-depth individual interviews between September, 2011 and April, 2012. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method.

Results

Analysis showed that the central phenomenon of suicide attempt experience of college students was 'inextricable despair'. Causal conditions were 'sense of shame by failure to achieve perfect independence' and 'a big gap between reality and ideals'. Contextual conditions were 'extreme situation of being cornered' and 'excessive changes in emotions'. Intervening conditions were 'important others' and 'perspectives on the world'. Action/interaction strategies were 'temporary efforts' and 'gathering up one's mind'. Consequences were 'trauma as one's own hurt', 'conflict between life and death' and 'becoming mature'.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of the experience of college students with attempted suicide. It is necessary to develop programs to prevent suicide attempts by college students and these results can be used as a basis for program development.

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The relationship between college students’ Suicidal ideation and rejection sensitivity: a network analysis
Yang He, Tianqi Yang, Chunyan He, Yuanbei Zhang, Huilin Yang, Shen Huang, Jianjun Liu, Xihong Li, Tao Xu, Shengjun Wu
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and validation of suicide crisis scale for international students in South Korea
Ki-Hyun Choi, Jung Hee Ha, Juliet Jue
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Donghee Jeong, Eun-Jung Shim
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Community Case Managers’ Experiences of Overcoming Suicide Crises among Late Adolescents in South Korea
Yeo Won Jeong, Kyung Im Kang
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Life Experience following Suicide Attempt among Middle-aged Men
Eun-Young Chin, Hyun Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(2): 215. CrossRef

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Effects of Sexual Intercourse on Suicidal Behaviors among Adolescents in South Korea: Hyun Sik Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):183-191. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.183

Abstract PDF

Purpose

For the current article an examination was done as to whether engaging in sexual intercourse before or during adolescence has a negative impact on the suicidal behaviors of suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide lethality and whether the impact varies according to the context of sexual intercourse and/or gender.

Methods

Adolescents who experienced casual sex and romantic sex were compared to adolescents who retained their virginity. Data was from samples drawn from the three waves (2010~2012) of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. Logistic models were used to adjust for a wide array of confounding variables.

Results

Any type of sexual intercourse increases risk of all suicidal behaviors. Sexual intercourse in a romantic relationship exhibits enhanced risk of suicidal behaviors compared to casual sex. Adjusting for experience of sexual violence, however, decreases risk of romantic sex substantially, turning some estimates statistically insignificant. In addition, risks for suicide lethality are greater for girls than boys.

Conclusion

Romantic sex put adolescents at higher risk for suicidal behaviors than casual sex owing to prevalent sexual violence in the relationships. Girls suffer more substantively adverse outcomes than boys. These results suggest that adolescents will benefit from comprehensive education on sexuality and sexual behaviors regarding how to form and maintain a romantic relationship that is characterized by personal integrity and mutual respect. It is also important to help victims of sexual violence recover from traumatic events by providing emotional support and effective counseling.

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Beomman Ha, Jisoon Kim, Seonho Kim
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Predictors of Suicide Attempt among Middle School Students with Suicidal Ideation: Analysis of Data from the 15th (2019) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey
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Mijung Yeom, Gyungjoo Lee, Ju-Young Lee
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Suicidal Behaviors of Culturally Diverse Adolescents with Sexual Experience: Using Date from the 10~12th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey
Hyun Jung Lee, Gyungjoo Lee
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Seunghun Song, Gyuyoung Lee
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Influence of Sexual Behavior and Emotional State on Suicidal Ideation among Female Adolescents with Sexual Intercourse Experience
Suin Park, Jina Lee, Hyunlye Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2018; 27(1): 15. CrossRef

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The Protective Factors of Suicide Probability in Religious Male High School Students: Hee Sook Kim, Young Sun Chae, Young Joo Bae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(1):1-8. Published online February 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.1.1

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to identify the protective factors that influence suicide probability in religious male high school students.

Methods

The data was collected from Nov. 5 to Dec. 10, 2009. Data were collected by self-report questionnaire from 255 students selected from 2 religious male high schools in B city. The instruments for this study were the Suicide Probability Scale for Adolescence (SPS-A), Inventory Parents Peer Attachment-Revision (IPPA-R), Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWBS), and Ego-identity Scale. The data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS 14.0 program.

Results

The protective factors of suicide probability in religious male high school students were identified as existential spiritual well-being (β= -.46, p<.001), self-identity (β= -.30, p<.001), and mother attachment (β= -.21, p<.001). These three factors explained 61.5% of the variance in suicide probability.

Conclusions

The results suggest that improvement in spirituality, ego-identity, and mother attachment for religious male high school students is important to reduce the probability of suicide.

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Effects of a Peer Gatekeeper Training Program on Existential Spiritual Well-being, Interpersonal Relationship with Friends, and Suicide Probability for Middle School Students
Hee Sook Kim, Gyeong Ran Park, Hyun Ok Jung
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Eunok Park
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Factors on the Suicidal Attempt by Gender of Middle and High School Student: Sanggu Yi, Yunjeong Yi, Hye-Sun Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):652-662. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.652

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The suicide rate of adolescents in Korea is increasing annually. Therefore, this research was done to identify the suicide attempt rate of middle and high school students and to identify factors that influence suicidal attempts.

Methods

The Korea Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2007) was used as data. Discriminant analysis and logistic regression were performed to analyze the data depending on gender to consider the gender difference in assessing the influence of each independent variable on suicidal attempts.

Results

Discriminant analysis according on gender showed that 13 factors correlated with suicidal attempts for boys, and 20 factors for girls. The most highly correlated factors were smoking, depression and inhalation experience. For inhalation experience, boys had 2.7 times higher possibility of suicide attempts (95% CI 1.8-3.0) and girls, a 2.4 times higher possibility (95% CI 1.7-3.5).

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate a need to classify adolescents for expectation of suicide risk and high danger for suicidal attempts through, and introduce suicide prevention programs for these adolescents. In particular, it is necessary to start intervention with students who smoke, have sexual and inhalation experiences and high levels of depression.

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Suicide Ideation and the Related Factors among Korean Adults by Gender
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Attitudes of Adolescents toward Suicide: Q-Methodological Approach: Mi-Kyung Choi, Ji-Min Seo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(4):539-549. Published online August 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.4.539

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify attitudes of adolescents toward suicide.

Methods

Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty middle and high school students classified 37 selected statements into a normal distribution using a 9 point scale. Collected data were analyzed using the Quanl PC Program.

Results

Three types of attitudes toward suicide were identified. The first type (opposing suicide-moral minded) showed an attitude of opposing suicide and thinking that suicide is a sin. The second type (understanding-empathizing suicidal person) showed an attitude of understanding the situation of the adolescents who has suicidal ideation and empathizing with them. The third type (ambivalent attitude) showed an attitude of understanding the suicidal person but, at the same time, opposing suicide.

Conclusion

Results of the study indicate that different approaches to suicide prevention programs should be developed based on the three types of suicide attitudes among adolescents.

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Yong-Mi Lee
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A Phenomenological Study of Suicide Attempts in Elders: Mi Young Im, Yun Jeong Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(1):61-71. Published online February 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.1.61

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning and essence of suicide for elderly people who had previously attempted suicide as an older person.

Methods

Giorgi's descriptive phenomenology was used for analysis. The researchers carried out in-depth interviews, recordings and memos individually with four elders. The elders were individuals who had attempted suicide sometime in the past 5 yr. They were interviewed from 5 to 10 times using open-ended questions and a semi-structural format. Demographic data were also collected.

Results

The meaning of suicide before a suicide attempt in older people had four core components: conflict with family, powerlessness and despair in their life with a drop in self-esteem, using internal and external resources to resolve their troubles and awareness of imminent crisis.

Conclusion

These results of this study will increase understanding of suicide in older people by defining their subjective experience of suicide attempts and applying grounded data in the development of programs that provide concrete intervention strategies to prevent suicide in elderly people.

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Individual and regional factors associated with suicidal ideation among Korean elderly: a multilevel analysis of the Korea Community Health Survey
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Relationship of Social Support and Meaning of Life to Suicidal Thoughts in Cancer Patients: Yeon Jung Kim, Kwang Ja Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(4):524-532. Published online August 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.4.524

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to explore the relationship of social support and meaning of life to suicidal thoughts among patients with cancer.

Methods

Data were collected by questionnaires from 138 patients who had been in cancer treatment at medical clinics and 8 patients who were members of an internet cancer association. The data were collected between August and November 2009 and analyzed using SPSS 12.0.

Results

Of the participants, 47.3% reported having had suicidal thoughts and 16.4% had attempted suicide since the diagnosis of cancer. The study participants received most support from family members, but 73.3% reported experiencing an existential vacuum. The suicide attempt group had significantly higher scores according to gender, age, level of education, diagnosis, treatment modality, level of activity, caregiver and social support compare to the suicide thought group. Suicidal thoughts were negatively related to social support and meaning of life was positively associated with social support. Support from family and friends and diagnosis explained 50.0% of variance for suicidal thoughts with 36.0% of variance being explained by family support.

Conclusion

Nurses should be able to identify risk factors for suicide in cancer patients. Prevention and intervention efforts need to be directed toward improving social support, family support in particular, and assisting patients finding meaning in life after a diagnosis of cancer.

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Effects of Core Competency Support Program on Depression and Suicidal Ideation for Adolescents: Hyun Sook Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(6):851-859. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.6.851

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a core competency support program on depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Methods

A quasi-experimental design was employed in this study. Participants for the study were high school students, 27 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN. 14.0 program with χ² test, t-test, and ANCOVA.

Results

Participants in the core competency support program reported decreased depression scores significantly different from those in the control group. Participants in the core competency support program reported decreased suicidal ideation scores, also significantly different from those in the control group.

Conclusion

The core competency support program was effective in decreasing depression and suicidal ideation for adolescents. Therefore, this approach is recommended as a suicide prevention strategy for adolescents.

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A Meta-Analysis of Variables Related to Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: Bo Young Kim, Chung Sook Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(5):651-661. Published online October 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.5.651

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done using meta-analysis to examine 58 studies from studies published in the past eight years (2000 to 2007) that included variables related to adolescents' suicidal ideation.

Methods

The materials for this study were based on 32 variables which were selected from masters' thesis, doctoral dissertation and articles from Journals of the Korean Academy of Nursing.

Results

The classification consisted of 5 variables groups and 32 variables. In terms of effect size on risk, variables which were significant included psychological variables (0.668), socio-cultural variables (0.511), family environmental variables (0.405), school environmental variables (0.221), and personal characteristics variables (0.147). In terms of effect size on protection, variables which were significant included personal characteristics variables (-1.107), psychological variables (-0.526), family environmental variables (-0.264), and school environmental variables (-0.155). In terms of effect size on risk variables, psychological variables (0.668) were highest. In terms of effect size on protective variables, the variable of personal characteristic (-1.107) was the highest.

Conclusion

While the results indicate possible risk and protective variables for suicidal ideation, but prediction is still difficult. Further study to compare adolescents with similar variables but no suicidal ideation and those with suicidal ideation is necessary.

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The Development of an Integrated Suicide·Violence Prevention Program for Adolescents: Hyun Sook Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(4):513-521. Published online August 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.4.513

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated suicide·violence prevention program for adolescents. Another purpose was to evaluate the effects of the integrated suicide·violence prevention program on self-esteem, parent-child communication, aggression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Methods

The study employed a quasi -experimental design. Participants for the study were high school students, 24 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN. 11.5 program with χ² test, t-test, and 2-way ANOVA.

Results

Participants in the integrated suicide·violence prevention program reported increased self-esteem scores, which was significantly different from those in the control group. Participants in the integrated suicide·violence prevention program reported decreased aggression and suicidal ideation scores, which was significantly different from those in the control group.

Conclusion

The integrated suicide·violence prevention program was effective in improving self-esteem and decreasing aggression and suicidal ideation for adolescents. Therefore, this approach is recommended as the integrated suicide·violence prevention strategy for adolescents.

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The Influencing Factors on Suicide Attempt among Adolescents in South Korea: Eunok Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(3):465-473. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.3.465

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Suicide has been considered a large public health concern in recent years because suicide mortality has been increasing rapidly. This study was done to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of a suicide attempt among adolescents in South Korea.

Methods

The data of the 2006 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based Survey collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control was analyzed using logistic regression for this study.

Results

The prevalence of a suicide attempt was 5.2% in South Korea. The risk factors of a suicide attempt were suicidal ideation (odds 31.83), depression (odds 7.98), drug use (odds 4.67), currently smoking (odds 3.19), feeling unhappiness (odds 2.77), stress (odds 2.60), currently drinking alcohol (odds 2.39), sexual activity (odds 2.33), living with neither parent (odds 2.24), initial alcohol drinking by age 9 (odds 1.80), health status (odds 2.15), skipped breakfast (odds 1.75), disease (odds 1.65), and school records (odds 1.22).

Conclusion

Suicide screening and prevention programs should be developed, considering these risk factors. Suicide prevention programs should be applied to the at risk population prior to a suicide attempt.

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Development and Application of a Multidimensional Suicide Prevention Program for Korean Elders by utilizing a Community Network: Kae-Hwa Jo, Yeong-Kyeong Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(3):372-382. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.3.372

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a multidimensional suicide prevention program for Korean elders by utilizing a community network and to evaluate its effect.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were recruited from two different elderly institutions located in D city and K province, Korea. Nineteen subjects in the control group received no intervention and 20 subjects in the experimental group received a multidimensional suicide prevention program.

Results

There were more significant decreases in depression, suicide ideation, and increases in life satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

According to the above results, the multidimensional suicide prevention program for Korean elders decreased stressful events like depression, and suicide ideation and increased life satisfaction through the community network. These findings suggest that this program can be used as an efficient intervention for elders in a critical situation.

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A Study about the Factors Affecting the Suicidal Thought in Korean Elders
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The Development and Effect of Navigator Education Program for Cancer Screening on Women in the Community
Bo-Young Lee, Heui-Sug Jo, Hey-Jean Lee
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A Phenomenological Study on the Restoration Experience for Suicide Ideation of Korean Elders: Kae-Hwa Jo, Yeong-Kyeong Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(2):258-269. Published online April 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.2.258

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the experience of restoration among Korean elders with suicide ideation.

Methods

A phenomenological research method guided data collection and analysis. A total of five elders having had suicide ideation participated. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Coding was used to establish different concepts and categories.

Results

As the results of analysis, the following three constituents have been found as a retrospective focus based on the primary suicide ideation: expanding their view and facing reality, reconstructing their view about life and death as well as self.

Conclusion

The results of this study may contribute to health professionals working at various crisis settings to understand Korean elders with suicide ideation.

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A Study on Regional Differentials in Death Caused by Suicide in South Korea: Eunok Park, Mi Yeol Hyun, Chang In Lee, Eun Joo Lee, Seong Chul Hong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(1):44-51. Published online February 28, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.1.44

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare suicide mortality by region in South Korea.

Method

Suicide mortality differentials were calculated for several mortality indicators by geographical regions from raw data of the cause of death from KNSO.

Results

The results are as follows; the Crude suicide death rate was 22.63 per 100,000. The highest was in Kangwon showing 37.84% whereas, Chungnam, and Jeonbuk followed after. Suicide was 4.4% of all causes of death, but Inchon and Ulsan showed a higher proportion. The male suicide death rate was 31.12 per 100,000 and females 14.09. The ratio of gender suicide mortality was 2.21, per 100,000 and was the highest in Jeju. For age-specific suicide death rates, the rate increased as age advanced, showing 2.33 per 100,000 in 0-19years, 18.68 in 20-39, 30.48 in 40-59,63.33 in 60 years and over. In Ulsan, Kangwon, and Inchon, age-specific suicide death rates of the 60 and over age group were higher than other regions, Daegu, Busan, and Kangwon showed a higher age-specific suicide mortality of the 40-59 age group, and Kangwon, Jeonnam, and Chungnam had a higher age-specific suicide mortality of the 20-39 age group.

Conclusions

Suicide mortality differed by region. These results can be used for a regional health care plan and planning for suicide prevention by regions.

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