Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Effects of a nursing leadership program on self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, problem-solving abilities, and nursing professionalism among nursing students in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study: Sunmi Kim, Young Ju Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Eun Jee Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):137-151. Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24110

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study investigated the effects of a nursing leadership program on self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, problem-solving abilities, and nursing professionalism among nursing students in South Korea.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study was conducted. The Practice-Driven Nursing Leadership Program for Students (PDNLP-S) was developed based on the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). This quasi-experimental study design included 60 nursing students. The experimental group (n=30) participated in the PDNLP-S for 120-minute sessions over 5 weeks, while the control group (n=30) received usual lectures. The PDNLP-S included lectures, discussions, and individual and group activities to cultivate core nursing leadership competencies such as individual growth, collaboration, nursing excellence, creative problem-solving, and influence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the independent t-test with IBM SPSS Windows ver. 26.0.
Results
The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in self-leadership (t=3.28, p=.001), interpersonal relationships (t=3.07, p=.002), clinical performance (U=268.50, p=.004), and problem-solving abilities (t=2.20, p=.017) compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed in nursing professionalism (t=0.50, p=.311).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the PDNLP-S improved nursing students’ self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, and problem-solving abilities. The PDNLP-S can play a significant role in cultivating future nurse leaders by enhancing these nursing leadership competencies among nursing students.

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Development and effects of a media-based reproductive health promotion program for male high school students at male high school: a quasi-experimental study: Joon-Young Lee, Yeoungsuk Song; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):34-49. Published online February 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24050

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This quasi-experimental study was conducted to develop a media-based reproductive health promotion program (MRHPP) among male high school students and to evaluate its effectiveness.
Methods
The ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model) was used to develop the MRHPP based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. The research was conducted using a non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design (experimental group=23; control group=22). The program consisted of six sessions and was conducted twice a week. The participants were assessed through a pre-test, post-test immediately after training (post-test 1), and follow-up after 4 weeks (post-test 2) by using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results
The analysis of the group-by-time interaction showed statistically significant differences in attitudes toward reproductive health behavior (RHB) (F=4.09, p=.049), subjective norms of RHB (F=5.31, p=.026), and intention to engage in RHB (F=3.78, p=.016). The effect sizes for attitudes, subjective norms, and intention to engage in RHB ranged from 0.75 (medium) to 1.02 (large) (p<.001) at post-test 1, and those for attitudes and subjective norms of RHB ranged from 0.36 (small) to 0.69 (medium) (p<.001) at post-test 2.
Conclusion
The MRHPP was demonstrated to be an effective intervention for promoting reproductive health behavior among male high school students.

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The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience in Chinese Nursing Students’ Professional Identity and Learning Burnout: Liu Zhang, Qin Zhang, ShuWen Li, YuHong Li, GuoCui Wu, Ying Chen, YunNa Zhou; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):509-518. Published online November 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24044

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study investigated whether professional identity predicts learning burnout among Chinese nursing students, and whether resilience moderates this relationship.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 635 students from a nursing college at a medical university in Hefei, China. Data were collected using the professional identity questionnaire, learning burnout scale for college students, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between variables. The mediation effect was evaluated using linear regression and the bootstrap method in SPSS.
Results
Nursing students exhibited intermediate learning burnout levels (score: 54.95 ± 10.42). Professional identity was positively correlated with psychological resilience (r = .42, p < . 001), whereas learning burnout was negatively correlated with professional identity (r = - .54, p < . 001) and psychological resilience (r = - .57, p < . 001). Psychological resilience mediated the relationship between professional identity and learning burntout to the tune of 32.8%.
Conclusion
Psychological resilience mediates the relationship between professional identity and learning burnout. Thus, nursing educators can mitigate student burnout by developing their students' professional identities and psychological resilience.

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Development and Effectiveness of Progressive Simulation Education Program on Medication Safety for Nursing Students: Se-Young Jung, Eun-Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):563-576. Published online October 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24054

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to develop and verify a progressive simulation education program aimed at enhancing nursing students’ medication safety competency.
Methods
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted. The participants were 40 third-year nursing students with no prior simulation education experience, comprising 20 each in the experimental and control groups. The experimental treatment utilized a hybrid simulation approach incorporating both full-body mannequins and standardized patients and was, conducted over three sessions with durations of 65, 80, and 95 minutes for the first, second, and third sessions, respectively, for a total of 240 minutes. The program was constructed based on Jeffries’ simulation model.
Results
The levels of medication safety competencies, communication self-efficacy, learning self-efficacy, and problem-solving abilities of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group.
Conclusion
Our results confirm that the program effectively improves nursing students’ medication safety competence, communication self-efficacy, learning self-efficacy, and problem-solving ability. Therefore, this program can serve as a basis for developing educational strategies related to medication safety for nursing education institutions. Furthermore, the program is anticipated to have a positive impact on novice nurses’ education and practice in clinical settings.

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Development of the Hybrid Clinical Practicum Environment Scale for Nursing Students: Yoon, Seoyoung , Yeom, Hye-Ah; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):340-357. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24016

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to develop a Hybrid Clinical Practicum Environment Scale for Nursing Students (HCPES-NS) and verify its validity and reliability.
Methods
The HCPES-NS was constructed following the DeVellis guidelines. The initial items were written based on a literature review and individual in-depth interviews. Content validity was verified through an expert panel review. To confirm the validity and reliability of the scale, a survey was conducted with 449 nursing students enrolled in 12 nursing colleges. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and reliability tests.
Results
Factor analysis showed that the HCPES-NS consists of 15 items on five subdomains: clinical site atmosphere, interpersonal relationship, alternative online practicum contents, provision of learning information, and clinical performance facilitation. A higher score indicated a more positive perception of the clinical practicum environment. The concurrent validity of the HCPES-NS was confirmed by its positive correlation with the Clinical Learning Environment Scale (r = .77). The Cronbach’s α reliability of the HCPES-NS was .84.
Conclusion
The HCPES-NS is both valid and reliable. This scale reflects the clinical practicum environment and includes an online practicum factor. It may be used effectively by faculty members and educators to evaluate nursing students’ perceptions of clinical practicum environments.

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Nursing Students’ Experiences of Observing the Use of Physical Restraints: A Qualitative Study: Ha, Sun Mi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):610-621. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23032

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of final-year undergraduate nursing students in observing the use of physical restraints on patients in the course of clinical practice.
Methods
Three focus group interviews were conducted with 12 Korean nursing students who could provide sufficient information about their observation of physical restraints. The collected data was analyzed through conventional content analysis.
Results
The data were classified into four theme clusters, and nine themes. The four theme clusters included ‘recognized as an unavoidable means,’ ‘experienced problems with the use of physical restraints,’ ‘realized the importance of the nurse's role and efforts,’ and ‘aspire to learn about correct use of physical restraints.’ While nursing students recognized the necessities and problems of using physical restraints in clinical practice, and the importance of nurses’ role and effort, the results found that education related to the use of physical restraints should be more systematic within the nursing curriculum.
Conclusion
This study highlights the necessity of educating nursing students to ensure they acquire accurate knowledge and awareness regarding the use of physical restraints, and suggests the inclusion of systematic guidelines through simulation or extracurricular activities.

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Exploring Nurses’ and Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward Coercive and Technological Measures in Mental Health: A Conceptual Framework and Study Protocol
Giuliano Anastasi, Roberto Latina, Yari Longobucco, Alessandro Stievano, Stefano Bambi
Nursing Reports.2024; 14(4): 4129. CrossRef

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Effectiveness of Simulation-Based Education for Caring Patients with COVID-19: Lee, Min Hye , Noh, Eun-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(4):397-411. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22151

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The role of medical staff gained immense significance in the context of the prolonged coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, few studies had explored the impact of simulation-based education on the ability of nursing students to care for the patients of COVID-19. This study provided nursing students with simulation-based education in caring for the patients of COVID-19 and confirmed its effectiveness.
Methods
This study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were recruited from the nursing departments of two universities in Korea through convenience sampling. A total of 79 participants were included: 37 in the intervention group and 42 in the control group. The intervention group received four sessions of simulation training based on the National League for Nursing Jeffries simulation theory.
Results
The intervention group showed an improvement compared to the control group in terms of knowledge related to coronavirus, confidence in performing infection control skills, and perception of preparedness for caring for the patients of COVID-19, with a high-level of satisfaction and self-confidence in learning. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety.
Conclusion
This simulation is expected to be a significant strategy for alleviating the global burden in terms of staff safety and patient outcomes by improving the competencies of prospective medical staff in responding to pandemics.

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Nursing Students’ Perceptions of a Novel Education Approach to Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Insights from PrevInf Pilot Study
Paulo Santos-Costa, Filipe Paiva-Santos, João Graveto
Nursing Reports.2024; 14(2): 1494. CrossRef

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Factors Related to Clinical Competence among Graduating Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study: Chung, Su Kyoung , Kim, Jinsook , Bhandari, Pratibha; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(2):145-154. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22087

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study investigated clinical competency, COVID-19-related anxiety, coping strategies, self-efficacy, and perceived stress among graduating nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey. Participants were recruited from universities located in four major cities in South Korea. General demographic information, clinical competency, self-efficacy, perceived stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and coping strategies were assessed using reliable questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression tests were used to analyze the data.
Results
The mean clinical competency, self-efficacy, perceived stress, adaptive coping, and maladaptive coping were 138.16 ± 18.34, 83.85 ±14.02, 21.37 ± 5.79, 53.15 ± 4.64, and 30.98 ± 6.73, respectively. COVID-19-related anxiety was reported by 4.3% of participants. Clinical competency was significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy (r = .44, p < .001) and adaptive coping (r = .20, p = .035) and was significantly negatively correlated with maladaptive coping (r = .20, p = .035). The predictors of clinical competency were self-efficacy (β = .434, p < .001) and adaptive coping (β = .173, p < .039), which explained 23% of the variance in clinical competency.
Conclusion
Self-efficacy and adaptive coping strategies are significant predictors of clinical competence during the pandemic. Planning and implementing various curricular and non-curricular activities to increase senior students' self-efficacy and adaptive coping strategies will help prepare competent nursing graduates for the pandemic when they enter the nursing workforce.

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Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19 in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study: Choi, Jeong Sil , Kim, Kyung Mi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):554-563. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22047

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to determine how undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge and health beliefs affected their COVID-19-related infection-prevention behaviors.
Methods
This study used a descriptive survey. A total of 188 undergraduate nursing students from two universities in South Korea participated in this study. The data were collected from June 2020 to August 2020. Factors influencing infection-prevention behaviors were identified using multiple regression analysis.
Results
The participants’ mean knowledge level regarding COVID-19 was 84.05 ± 11.78 out of 100. The average health belief score was 2.80 ± 0.32 points out of 5. COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors were correlated with experiences of searching for COVID-19 information (r = .22, p < .01), perceived severity (r = .24, p < .01), perceived benefits (r = .29, p < .01), cues to action (r = .30, p < .01), knowledge (r = .27, p < .01), and perceived barriers (r = - .19, p < .05). Factors that significantly affected COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors were the participants’ years of study, experiences regarding COVID-19 prevention education, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and cues to action.
Conclusion
COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors are promoted by increasing awareness about the disease and promoting COVID-19 education in nursing curriculums.

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Comparing factors related to perceived control and preventive behaviors from COVID‐19 between Japanese and American nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Akiko Kondo, Renaguli Abuliezi, Kosuke Niitsu, Kazuko Naruse, Tomomi Oki, Erika Ota, Mabel C. Ezeonwu
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Influence of Learning Presence of Non-Face-to-Face Class Experience in Nursing Students on Academic Achievement: Mediating Effect of Learning Flow and Moderated Mediation of Digital Literacy: Ryu, Eui Jeong , Jang, Keum Seong , Kim, Eun A; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(3):278-290. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21241

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of learning flow and the moderated mediation effect of digital literacy on the effect of the learning presence of non-face-to-face class experience in nursing students on academic achievement.
Methods
Participants were 272 nursing students from six universities in two different cities. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure learning presence, learning flow, digital literacy, and academic achievement. Analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro (4.0).
Results
The mediating effect of learning flow on the effect of learning presence on academic achievement was 0.42, and the moderated mediation index of digital literacy was 0.17. Learning flow showed a mediating effect on the relationship between learning presence and academic achievement. Digital literacy had a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between learning presence and academic achievement that was mediated by learning flow.
Conclusion
The intensity of the mediating effect of nursing students’ learning presence on academic achievement through learning flow increases as the level of digital literacy increases. These results suggest that educational programs considering the level of learning presence, learning flow, and digital literacy are required to promote the academic achievement of nursing college students.

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Study on the Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence and Digital Literacy of Dental Hygiene Students
Seon-Ju Sim, Ji-Hye Kim, Min-Hee Hong, Su-Min Hong, Myung-Jin Lee
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2024; 24(3): 171. CrossRef
The influence of e-learning digital literacy on cognitive flexibility and learning flow in nursing students
Jeongim Lee, Su Ol Kim
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(2): 87. CrossRef
The Impact of Self-Efficacy on Nurses’ Well-Being: Does Digital Competence Matter?
Yali Li, Qi Jing, Taiwen Feng, Xiaoling Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(4): 385. CrossRef
Relationship between learning flow and academic performance among students: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis
Zhang Jinmin, Fang Qi
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development and Effects of Head-Mounted Display-Based Home-Visits Virtual Reality Simulation Program for Nursing Students: Ahn, Min Kweon , Lee, Chong Mi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(4):465-477. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21051

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of head monted display based home-visits virtual reality simulation (HVRS) program developed for undergraduate nursing students.
Methods
A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 84 participants (experimental group, 44; control group, 40) were recruited from August 31, 2020 to November 8, 2020 in Gwangju metropolitan city. The HVRS program consisted of scenarios of three nursing cases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. Data were analyzed SPSS version 25.0 for Windows.
Results
At the completion of HVRS, significant differences were found between groups in knowledge of home-visits (t = 4.73, p < .001), self-confidence (t = 6.63, p < .001), self-efficacy (t = 3.13, p = .002), and clinical competency (t = 4.13, p < .001). No significant difference was shown between groups in nursing knowledge about strokes, a subcategory of knowledge pertaining to home visits.
Conclusion
The HVRS program developed for undergraduate nursing students is effective in improving knowledge of home-visits, self-confidence, self-efficacy, and clinical competency for nursing students.

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Enhancing nursing competency through virtual reality simulation among nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Effects of Immersive Technology–Based Education for Undergraduate Nursing Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Approach
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Effect of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses-based Nursing Skills Training for Nursing Students’ Medication Administration Safety Competency: A Quasi-experimental Study
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Instructor's Experience of Extended Reality Applied to Nursing Education
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Validity and reliability of positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology as an effective learning tool among nursing students
Jiyoung Kim, Narae Heo, Hyuncheol Kang
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Virtual Reality Simulation for Advanced Infection Control Education in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Focusing on the Prevention of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections and Ventilator-Associated Infections
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Original Articles

Disease Prevention Knowledge, Anxiety, and Professional Identity during COVID-19 Pandemic in Nursing Students in Zhengzhou, China: Sun, Yuyan , Wang, Dongyang , Han, Ziting , Gao, Jie , Zhu, Shanshan , Zhang, Huimin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):533-540. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20125

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate nursing students’ understanding of the prevention of COVID-19, as well as their anxiety towards the disease and their perception of their professional identity in the wake of the pandemic, in Zhengzhou, China.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was designed to investigate 474 nursing students by cluster sampling using a stratified questionnaire from February 15 to March 31, 2020. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors affecting professional identity. Binary and multiple logistic regression were used to identify the factors affecting anxiety.
Results
Responders with a high level of understanding of COVID-19 and frequent use of behavioral strategies for its prevention comprised 93.2% and 30.0% of the cohort, respectively. Professional identity was significantly associated with gender and anxiety (p < .050). The prevalence of anxiety among nursing students was 12.4%. Male (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26~4.52), sophomores (OR = 5.30; 95% CI = 1.61~7.45), and infrequent use of prevention measures (OR = 3.49; 95% CI = 1.16~5.19) had a significant effect on anxiety.
Conclusion
Anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic gives an adverse effect on the professional identity of nursing in students. Nursing education institutions need to provide psychological counseling services for nursing students, in addition to improving their teaching of COVID-19 prevention strategies.

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The Predictive Strength of Students’ Self-Efficacy, Problem Solving Skills to Perform Catheter Care: Ozlem, Dogu Kokcu , Celalettin, Cevik; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):411-418. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20002

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the predictive strength of students’ self-efficacy, problem-solving skills, and other characteristicsin performing intravenous practices and monitor phlebitis and infiltration.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried outwith 736 third and fourth-year students studying at the Health Sciences Faculties of Balikesir and Sakarya universities. The data were collectedusing the Self-Efficacy Scale, Problem-Solving Inventory and Catheter Care and Infiltration Monitoring Questionnaire.
Results
Theparticipants’ mean Catheter Care and Infiltration Monitoring Questionnaire score significantly and positively correlated with their meanSelf-Efficacy Scale score on a moderate level (r=.25; p <.001) but significantly and negatively correlated with their mean Problem-SolvingInventory score on a moderate level (r=-.21; p <.001). In other words, because a low Problem-Solving Inventory score indicates that theperson’s problem-solving skill is high, the Care and Infiltration Monitoring Questionnaire score increased as the problem-solving skill increased.While the Self-Efficacy Scale predicted the year of study and catheter care and infiltration monitoring variables positively, theProblem-Solving Inventory predicted the satisfaction with the profession variable negatively.
Conclusion
Self-efficacy, problem-solving, likingthe profession, and year of study predict success in catheter care and infiltration monitoring. For this reason, guidance may be providedin the development of a comprehensive education system toward increasing students’ problem-solving skills, self-efficacy, and professionalknowledge and skills.

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Se-Won Kim, Mi-Young Choi
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Decision-based learning for teaching arterial blood gas analysis
Sheri Tesseyman, Tracy Poulsen, Samantha Rainsdon-Meek, Heather Leary, Ursula Sorensen, Kenneth Plummer
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Judith García-Expósito, Mercedes Reguant, Olga Canet-Vélez, Francisca Ruiz Mata, Teresa Botigué, Judith Roca
Nurse Education Today.2021; 107: 105157. CrossRef

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Nurses and Nursing Students’ Recognition of Good Instruction: Mina Park, Sujin Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):101-115. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.101

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to identify and assess from nursing students and nurses in the clinical field what constitute good instruction, through the review of nursing students’ opinions and clinical field demands.

Methods:

The study design was used Creswell’s exploratory sequential design by collecting and analyzing qualitative data obtained from interviews and then analysis of quantitative data. The participations were 79 seniors in nursing schools and 85 nurses with less than three years of clinical experience. The data were collected through individual interviews and analyzed based on Elo and Kyngäs’s content analysis method. The quantitative data were collected using the questionnaire developed based on qualitative results and analyzed by SPSS 23.0 program and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA).

Results:

The results showed that IPA extracted seven items with high importance but low satisfaction: “nursing fads and trends,” “teacher-learner communication and reflection,” “materials used in clinical settings such as monitoring results and test results,” “special presentations by experienced practitioners,” “instruction assures learners’ comprehension,” “accurate and detailed evaluation standards” and “feedback on homework and exam.”

Conclusion

The factors comprising good instruction were verified, and the necessity for additional efforts to improve high importance and low performance factors was noted. Therefore, this study can serve as a guide for nursing education facilities and educators in developing of a thorough education system with excellent instruction designed to achieve an ideal nursing education.

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Hyeongsuk Lee, Hye Jin Yoo, Chao Gu
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(1): e0296914. CrossRef
Educational needs of severe trauma treatment simulation based on mixed reality: Applying focus group interviews to military hospital nurses
Seon Mi Jang, Sinwoo Hwang, Yoomi Jung, Eunyoung Jung
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The mediating effect of self-regulated learning ability on the relationship between experience of good class and problem solving ability of nursing students
Ju Young Park, Chung Hee Woo
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2020; 26(2): 185. CrossRef

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Factors Affecting Clinical Practicum Stress of Nursing Students: Using the Lazarus and Folkman's Stress-Coping Model: Sung Hae Kim, JuHee Lee, MiRa Jang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):437-448. Published online August 29, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.437

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to test a path model for the factors related to undergraduate nursing students' clinical practicum stress, based on Lazarus and Folkman's stress-coping model.

Methods

This study utilized a path analysis design. A total of 235 undergraduate nursing students participated in this study. The variables in the hypothetical path model consisted of clinical practicum, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, Nun-chi, and nursing professionalism. We tested the fit of the hypothetical path model using SPSS/WIN 23.0 and AMOS 22.0.

Results

The final model fit demonstrated a satisfactory statistical acceptance level: goodness-of-fit-index=.98, adjusted goodness-of-fit-index=.91, comparative fit index=.98, normed fit index=.95, Tucker-Lewis index=.92, and root mean square error of approximation=.06. Self-efficacy (β=−.22, p=.003) and Nun-chi behavior (β=−.17, p=.024) were reported as significant factors affecting clinical practicum stress, explaining 10.2% of the variance. Nursing professionalism (β=.20, p=.006) and self-efficacy (β=.45, p<.001) had direct effects on emotional intelligence, explaining 45.9% of the variance. Self-efficacy had indirect effects on Nun-chi understanding (β=.20, p<.001) and Nun-chi behavior (β=.09, p=.005) through emotional intelligence. Nursing professionalism had indirect effects on Nun-chi understanding (β=.09, p=.005) and Nun-chi behavior (β=.09, p=.005) through emotional intelligence. The variables for self-efficacy and nursing professionalism explained 29.1% of the Nun-chi understanding and 18.2% of the Nun-chi behavior, respectively.

Conclusion

In undergraduate nursing education, it is important to identify and manage factors that affect clinical practicum stress. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of Nun-chi, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and nursing professionalism in the development of an educational strategy for undergraduate nursing students.

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Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of Nursing Students’ Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision Making Scale: Mi Yu, Young Eun, KA White, KyungJa Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):411-422. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.411

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to adapt, modify, and validate the Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision-Making Scale (NASC-CDM^©) for Korean nursing students.

Methods

Participants were 183 nursing students with clinical practice experience in two nursing colleges. The construct validity and reliability of the final Korean version of the NASC-CDM^© were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and testing of internal consistency reliability. For adaptation and modification, the instrument was translated from English to Korean. Expert review and a cross-sectional survey were used to test the instrument's validity.

Results

The Korean version of the NASC-CDM^© (KNASC-CDM) was composed of 23 items divided into four dimensions: (i) Listening fully and using resources to gather information; (ii) Using information to see the big picture; (iii) Knowing and acting; and (iv) Seeking information from clinical instructors. The instrument explained 60.1% of the total variance for self-confidence and 63.1% of the variance for anxiety; Cronbach's α was .93 for self-confidence and .95 for anxiety.

Conclusion

The KNASC-CDM can be used to identify anxiety and self-confidence in nursing students’ clinical decision-making in Korea. However, further research should be done to test this instrument, as it is classified differently from the original NASC-CDM^© version.

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Daniel Medel, Tania Cemeli, Krista White, Williams Contreras-Higuera, Maria Jimenez Herrera, Alba Torné-Ruiz, Aïda Bonet, Judith Roca
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Ji-Won Han
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Sunyoung Oh, Minkyung Gu, Sohyune Sok
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A Structural Model on the Nursing Competencies of Nursing Simulation Learners: Soo Jin Park, Eun Sun Ji; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):588-600. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.588

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test a model of nursing competencies of nursing simulation learners. The conceptual model was based on the theory of Jeffries's simulaton theory.

Methods

Data collection was conducted in October 2017 for 310 students from two nursing universities in Kyungbuk area for 20 days. Data analysis methods were covariance structure analysis using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 22.0 statistical programs.

Results

The hypothetical model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were comparative fit index=.97, normed fit index=.94, Tucker-Lewis Index=.97, root mean square error of approximation=.44, and standardized root mean square residual=.04. Teacher factors were directly related to simulation design characteristics, and it was confirmed that the curriculum, classroom operation and teaching method of the instructors were important factors. Learner factors were found to have a direct effect on nursing competence, self-confidence, and clinical performance that belong to nursing capacity. In particular, the results of this study indicate that the simulation design characteristics have a partial mediating effect on learner factors and clinical performance, and a complete mediating effect on learner factors and clinical judgment ability.

Conclusion

In order to improve the learner's clinical performance and clinical judgment ability, it is necessary to conduct practical training through nursing simulation besides preparing the learner and the educator.

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Effects of Communication Empowerment Program Based on Situated Learning Theory for Nursing Students: Soo Jin Kim, Boyoung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):708-719. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.708

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to examine the effects of a communication empowerment program based on situated learning theory for nursing students.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The study participants were 61 nursing students (31 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) from G city. Data were collected from November 3, 2015 to December 10, 2015. The experimental group received eight sessions of the program, which were scheduled twice a week, with each session lasting two hours. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and an independent t-test using SPSS/WIN 20.0.

Results

There were significant increases in self-efficacy for communication (t=2.62, p=.011), emotional intelligence (t=2.66, p=.010), and interpersonal communication competence (t=2.87, p=.006) in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, our study suggests a need to include content from communication curricula or clinical communication training programs for improving undergraduate nursing students’ communication skills in practice settings.

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Development and Psychometric Testing of the Clinical Nursing Competency Scale for Clinical Preceptor Use (CNCS-CP): Eunmi Kwak, Heeyoung Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(4):419-431. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.4.419

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and establish the psychometric properties of a clinical nursing competency evaluation tool to be utilized by clinical preceptors.

Methods

The initial items were identified through in-depth literature review and field interviews based on a hybrid model. Content validation of the items was evaluated through three rounds of content validity testing. Participants were 34 clinical preceptors and 443 nursing students participating in clinical practice. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergence and discriminant validity, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability.

Results

The final scale consisted of 23 items and four factors, fundamental nursing skills performance, critical thinking skills based on the nursing process, basic nursing knowledge, and professional attitude; these factor explained 69.7% of the total variance. The analysis with multi-trait/multi-item matrix correlation coefficients yielded 100.0% and 95.7 % convergence and discriminant validity, respectively. Cronbach's alpha for the total items was .95. The four subscale model tested by confirmatory factor analysis was satisfactory. Inter-rater reliability ranged from .912 to .967.

Conclusion

This scale was found to be a reliable and valid instrument that clinical preceptors can apply for evaluating the clinical nursing competency of nursing students in clinical settings.

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Jianliang Zhou, Huixin Zhou, Zaoli Yang
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Threats to Identity: A Grounded Theory Approach on Student Nurses’ Experience of Incivility during Clinical Placement: Jiyeon Kang, Yeon Jin Jeong, Kyoung Ran Kong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):85-95. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.85

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This qualitative study aimed to explore the experience of incivility among nursing students.

Methods

Sixteen nursing students who had experienced incivility during their clinical placement were invited for one-on-one interviews until the point of theoretical saturation. The grounded theory approach of Corbin and Strauss was adopted to analyze transcribed interview contents.

Results

Incivility occurred in the context of a hierarchical organizational culture, due to nursing students’ position as outsiders, non-systematic clinical education, and poor nursing work environment. The experience of incivility was identified as “being mistreated as a marginal person,” and nursing students responded to this phenomenon in the following three steps: reality shock, passive action, and submissive acceptance. This process caused students to lose self-esteem and undergo role conflict. Furthermore, nursing students’ experience of incivility could eventually lead to workplace bullying in nurses.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that nursing students’ experience of incivility can be a process that threatens their identity. It is necessary to develop educational programs and provide appropriate counseling services so that nursing students can actively cope with the incivility. In addition, institutional plans are needed to ensure safe and supportive clinical learning environments.

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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version Scale of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale (CLES+T): Sun-Hee Kim, So Yeon Yoo, Yae Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):70-84. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.70

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher evaluation scale (CLES+T) that measures the clinical learning environment and the conditions associated with supervision and nurse teachers.

Methods

The English CLES+T was translated into Korean with forward and back translation. Survey data were collected from 434 nursing students who had more than four days of clinical practice in Korean hospitals. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were conducted. SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs were used for data analysis.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis revealed seven factors for the thirty three-item scale. Confirmatory factor analysis supported good convergent and discriminant validities. The Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was .94 and for the seven subscales ranged from .78 to .94.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the 33-items Korean CLES+T is an appropriate instrument to measure Korean nursing students'clinical learning environment with good validity and reliability.

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Taewha Lee, Su Jeong Lee, Yea Seul Yoon, Hyunju Ji, Sookhee Yoon, SangA Lee, Yoonjung Ji
Asian Nursing Research.2023; 17(1): 44. CrossRef
Clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher (CLES+T) scale: Translation and validation of the Arabic version
Khadija Guejdad, Ali Ikrou, Camilla Strandell-Laine, Redouane Abouqal, Jihane Belayachi
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A Structural Model for Premenstrual Coping in University Students: Based on Biopsychosocial Model: Myung-Ock Chae, Hae Ok Jeon, Ahrin Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):257-266. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.257

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains premenstrual coping in university students and to test the fitness with collected data.

Methods

Participants were 206 unmarried women university students from 3 universities in A and B cities. Data were collected from March 29 until April 30, 2016 using self-report structured questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Results

Physiological factor was identified as a significant predictor of premenstrual syndrome (t=6.45, p<.001). This model explained 22.1% of the variance in premenstrual syndrome. Psychological factors (t=-2.49, p=.013) and premenstrual syndrome (t=8.17, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of premenstrual coping. Also this model explained 30.9% of the variance in premenstrual coping in university students. A physiological factors directly influenced premenstrual syndrome (β=.41, p=.012). Premenstrual syndrome (β=.55, p=.005) and physiological factor (β=.23, p=.015) had significant total effects on premenstrual coping. Physiological factor did not have a direct influence on premenstrual coping, but indirectly affected it (β=.22, p=.007). Psychological factors did not have an indirect or total effect on premenstrual coping, but directly affected it (β=-.17, p=.036).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that strategies to control physiological factors such as menstrual pain should be helpful to improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms. When developing a program to improve premenstrual coping ability and quality of menstrual related health, it is important to consider psychological factors including perceived stress and menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome.

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Investigation of coping behaviors and premenstrual syndrome among university students
Özlem Akın, Nülüfer Erbil
Current Psychology.2024; 43(2): 1685. CrossRef
Investigating influencing factors on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among female college students
Su Jeong Yi, Miok Kim, Ina Park
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Effects of Sleep Pattern, Stress, Menstrual Attitude, and Behavior That Reduces Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents
Hye Jin Kim, So Young Choi, Haeyoung Min
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 423. CrossRef

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Structural Equation Modeling on Smoking Cessation Intention in Male Technical High School Students: Eun Su Do, Eunsuk Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):211-221. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.211

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to develop and test a structural model on smoking cessation intention in technical high school men. The conceptual model was based on the theory of reasoned action and health promotion model.

Methods

From May 29 to April 13, 2015, 413 technical high school students who smoked completed a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed to calculate the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting smoking cessation intention. The SPSS WIN 20.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs were used.

Results

The hypothetical model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were χ²/df=2.36, GFI=.95, AGFI=.92, NFI=0.97, and RMSEA=.05. Self-esteem had direct and indirect effects on smoking cessation intention. Attitude, subjective norm, and self-efficacy had direct effects on smoking cessation intention. Smoking knowledge and environmental factor had indirect effects on smoking cessation intention. This model explained 87.0% of the variance in smoking cessation intention.

Conclusion

These results indicate that technical high school students' intention to stop smoking can be improved through an increase in self-esteem, negative environmental factors, attitude toward smoking cessation, subjective norm about smoking cessation, and self-efficacy for smoking cessation.

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Modelo de Nola Pender para promoção da saúde do adolescente
Daniela Bulcão Santi, Iara Sescon Nogueira, Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi Baldissera
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Effectiveness of Integrated Change Model-based Smoking Cessation Program for High School Students
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Kyu Eun Lee, Yunsoo Kim
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A Study into Pattern of Smoking Behavior of University Students: Moon Sil Kim, Ae Kyoung Kim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):843-856. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.843

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective opinions related to of smoking behavior of university students with a history of smoking. The research period was from Feb, 1. 1996 to Sep. 10. 1997. The research method used was Q-methodology. The process of the research was as follows : 1. Collection of concourse : The statement of self-reference was derived from fact to face interviews with 50 university students. Statement were categorized by researcher according to semantics. 2. Extraction of Q-sample 38 of the self-reference statements from the 32 categories of the Q-population were selected. 3. Selection of P-sample : 30 of university students were selected by consideration of diversity in sociodemographic background. 4. Based on a 1 to 9 point scale, the selected university students were made to participate in Q-sorting. 5. Analysis of Q-type was obtained by use of the QUANAL program. The results of this study revealed as follows : There are three types of smoking behavior of Korean university students. 1. The first type focused on the right of the individual to smoke and the lack of recognition of smoking behavior as a health hazard. 2. The second type cared about smoking behavior as a hazard to health. 3. The third type was habitual smoker. They are bored and smoke habitually. It is suggested that the results of this study may contribute to the development of strategies for the purpose of decreasing the incidence of smoking of university students.

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Health Promotion Behavior of Chinese International Students in Korea Including Acculturation Factors: A Structural Equation Model
Sun Jung Kim, Il Young Yoo
Asian Nursing Research.2016; 10(1): 25. CrossRef

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A Study of Factors Influencing Drug Use in High School Students: So Young Lee; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):777-786. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.777

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to examine the conditions of drug use and the find the main factors that lead students to start and select drugs in their circumstances. The "other drugs" in this study means analgesics, hypnotics, stimulants, tranqualizers, and drinks including caffeine. The sample was 1,900 students and 1,412 responses were analyzed. Variables in the study included prescription provision by parents, drug use by friends, attitudes to drugs, drinking and smoking activities, and poly drug use. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics, chi square, and to find the determinants on other drug use, multiple logistic regression was performed. Data were analysed by SAS/PC programs. Of the subjects 86.6% of the students have had experienced with alcohol and 49.8% of them continue to use it, and 37.9% of the students have had experienced with smoking and 22.1% of them continue to smoke. The rates of using other drugs were as followed; analgesic 33.3%, hypnotics 4.3%, sedatives 4.4%, stimulants 8.7%, and 242 students have had experienced with more than two different kinds of drugs of the same time including alcohol and smoking. With the exception of alcohol and smoking, 126 students were continuing to use more than two different kinds of drugs. And 2.3 kinds of drugs were the average that the being used at the same time by poly drug users, alcohol and smoking excepting. In conclusion, the determinants of other drug use can be summarized as ploy drug use, drug use by friends, obedience to drug prescription of parents, and time of first using drugs.

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Age group characteristics of children who visited the emergency department with acute poisoning by ingestion
Weon Seon Ryu, Jea Yeon Choi, Jin Seong Cho, Yong Su Lim, Sung Youl Hyun, Hyuk Jun Yang
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal.2018; 5(1): 5. CrossRef

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Prevention Stages for Sexually Transmitted Diseases of College Students: Soon Bok Chang; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):423-432. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.423

Abstract PDF: This is a descriptive study to understand the preventive stage for STDs to provide a basis for sex education for college students. The colleges were selected by quota sampling in five representative cities in Korea, but the1,691 college students were selected by convenient sampling in the cities nationwide, and the data were collected by self-reporting using questionnaire consisting of 33 items. The results were as follows : 1. Their mean ages were 21.8 for female and 23.3 for male students, 2. 78.0% of the males and 46.5% of the females permitted premarital sex, 57.1% of male and 10.3% of female college students had experienced sexual intercourse, 7.1% of males and 2.4% of females had experienced pregnancy, 10.3% of males and 3.4% of females had been infected with STDs, 72.1% of male and 13.8% of female didn't use condoms at the time of infection. 3. Most of the factors related to STDs infection, such as drinking, smoking, frequency of sexual intercourse, pregnancy, knowledge of STDs, the score of STDs prevention were statistically higher in the male student group than in the female group. 4. The student's mean score of knowledge about STDs was similar between the male group(7.80)and the female group(7.84) with a possible score range from 0-18. 5. Only fifteen percent of male and 9.6% of female students expressed that they will do something to prevent STD. 6. The group having the experience of sexual intercourse(t=3.924, P=.048) and the group of having experience of contracting STDs(t=16.638, P=.000) had shown statistically higher STDs prevention score than the group not having that kind of experience, but the group not having experience with pregnancy didn't show any difference from the group not having experience with pregnancy. Considering that 57.1% of males and 10.3% of females had sexual intercourse experience, 78% of male and 46.5% of female permitted premarital sex, 10.3% of male and 3.4% of female had been infected with STDs. It could be concluded that the college students were ignorant about the prevention of STDs and had unrealistic stage of the STDs prevention. Therefore, enforcement of education for the prevention of STDs including the dynamics of the sexual intercourse and STDs infection is needed.

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Determinants of Health Promoting Lifestyle of College Students: Mi Ra Lee; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):156-168. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.156

Abstract PDF

This study was undertaken in order to examine the relationship of self-efficacy, control, perceived health status, self-esteem, social support, and demographic characteristics to health promoting lifestyle of college students, and to determine factors affecting health promoting lifestyle of college students. The subjects were 92 students of one university in Taejon. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, health promoting lifestyle(44 items), self-efficacy (28 items), self-esteem(10 items), control(8 items), perceived health status( 1 item), and social support(12 items) Analysis of data was done by use of mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression with SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The average item score for the health promoting lifestyles was low at 2.30. n the sub-categories, the highest degree of performance was interpersonal support(2.90), and the lowest degree was exercise(1.67). 2) Male students showed a significant higher score in exercise subscale than female students. Students who had more income had higher scores in self actualization subscale. Students who's family had experienced severe disease had higher scores in health responsibility and interpersonal support subscale. Students who had experienced exercise had higher scores interpersonal support, and stress management subscale. 3) Significant correlation between perceived health status and self-efficacy, perceived health status and self-esteem, control and self-efficacy, control and self-esteem, control and social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy was found. 4) Self-efficacy and control revealed significant correlations with total health promoting lifestyle and all subscales of health promoting lifestyle except self actualization. A significant correlation between perceived health status and self actualization subscale was found. Self-esteem revealed significant correlations only with self actualization and interpersonal support subscale. 5) Significant correlations were found between most of the subscales of total health promoting lifestyle. 6) Self-efficacy was the highest factor predicting health promoting lifestyles of college students (30.55%). Self-efficacy and control accounted for 36.55% in health promoting lifestyle of college students.

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Sun Jung Kim, Il Young Yoo
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Hee-Gerl Kim, Jinhwa Lee, Jiyun Kim, Hyunju Park, Hyun Sook Oh, Won Jae Lee, Eun Aae Kim, Hye Kyung Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(4): 451. CrossRef
Comparison of Health Promotion Lifestyles and Self-esteem of Korean and Chinese Nursing Students.
Hee Cho, Suk Jeong Lee, Ren Shan Cui
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Myoung Ja Wang
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HEALTH-PROMOTING BEHAVIORS OF Older Adults Compared to Young and Middle-Aged Adults in Korea
Mee Ock Gu, Young Eun
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Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Health Behaviors of Korean Undergraduate Students: Young Joo Park, Sook Ja Lee, Ka Sil Oh, Kyoung Ok Oh, Jeong Ah Kim, Hee Soon Kim, Sang Soon Choi, Sung Eun Yi, Choo Ja Chung, Hoa Yun Jun; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(6):792-802. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.6.792

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study was designed to explore the relationship among social support, experienced stressful life events and health behaviors of Korean undergraduate students, and validate the mediator effect of social support. METHOD: One thousand four hundred fifty-three undergraduate students were randomly selected from five universities located in the middle area of Korea. RESULT: The health behaviors of Korean undergraduates tend to have unhealthy patterns. In the case of the students living without family, experiencing more stressful life events and perceiving lower social support, health behaviors are poor. The relationship between perceived social supports, the frequency of the experienced stressful life events and the score of health behavior patterns is statistically significant. After controlling the effect of social support, the correlation coefficient between the frequency of experienced stressful life events and the score of health behavior patterns was slightly lower. The score of health behaviors between the group with an extremely high score of social support and the group with an extremely low score were statistically significantly different. CONCLUSION: Future studies need to be pursued to develop various strategies such as a health education programs and counseling programs for health maintenance and health promotion of undergraduates.

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Factors Influencing Self-Directedness in Learning of Nursing Students: Won Oak Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(5):684-693. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.5.684

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to detect the correlations and the main factors influencing self-directedness in learning of nursing students. METHOD: The samples were composed of 224 nurse students who were from three nursing department in Seoul, Chungnam and Kyunbook. The reliability of 4 instruments was tested with Cronbach's alpha from .63 to .86. The data was analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The results were as follows: 1. The mean self-directedness score was 91.23 which was slightly high. The self-directedness in learning was influenced significantly by grade, perception of self-level, self-study in majoring and self-study except for majoring(F= 3.33-7.14, p<.05). 2. There were significant correlations between all the predictive variables and the self-directedness(r=.27-48, p<.01). 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 35% of the self-directedness in learning of nursing students were significantly explained by self-esteem(23%), locus of control(6%), self-study except for majoring(2 kind, 2%), self study in majoring(good, 2%), and self-study except for majoring( above 3 kind, 2%). CONCLUSION: Based upon these findings, sociopsychological variables like self-esteem and locus of control are very important factor influencing self-directedness in learning of nursing students.

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Korean Nursing Students' Experience of Ethical Problems and Use of Ethical Decision-Making Models: Sung Suk Han, Hyeoun Ae Park, Sung Hee Ahn, Miriam E Cameron, Hyo Sook Oh, Kyeong Uoon Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):846-857. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.846

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PURPOSE: This study was conducted to study on 1) What is nursing students' experience of ethical problems involving nursing practice? 2) What is nursing students' experience of using ethical decision-making models?
METHOD
In order to answer these two questions, we selected 97 senior baccalaureate nursing students from two Korean universities using a conceptual framework and method of content analysis.
RESULT
From 97 ethical problems emerged five content categories, the largest being ethical problems involving health professionals (69%); the basic nature of the nursing students' experience of ethical problems consisted of conflict, resolution, and rationale; 94% of the students stated that using an ethical decision-making model was helpful.
CONCLUSION
Although additional research is needed, these findings have important implications for nursing ethics education and practice.

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Legal and ethical issues: our best ethical and spiritual values
Miriam E Cameron
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