Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Effects of Postpartum Massage Program on Stress response in the Cesarean section Mothers: Sung Hee Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):488-497. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.488

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a postpartum massage program on stress response in the Cesarean section mothers. The study focused on evaluating the effect of postpartum massage program on mood, anxiety, skin temperature and concentration of saliva and breast milk immunoglobulin A in the Cesarean section mothers. This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Twenty-eight Cesarean section mothers were selected as experimental group, whereas twenty- seven were control group. The postpartum massage program consisted of 20 minutes of warm-up, massage and ending phases and used once a day. During each program, there were 4 minutes of warm-up, 14 minutes of massage on back, axillary and breasts, and 2 minutes of ending. Massage were used for the experimental group by the same investigator 20 times per minute. The massage technique used were efflurage, petrissage, accupressure, kneading and vibration. Skin temperature was monitored with YSI Tele-thermometer(Simpson electric Co., USA) before and after massage program. The concentration of immunoglobulin A in saliva and breast milk was analyzed by immunoturbididimeter assay(Cobas INTEGRA, Roche, Swiss) before and after massage program. Also at this time mood and anxiety were measured by self-report. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 7.5 and hypothesis was tested with ANCOVA analysis and Pearson coefficient correlation. The results were as follows : 1) Score of mood increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 2) Level of anxiety decreased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 3) Skin temperature increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 4) Concentration of saliva immunoglobulin A increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 5) Concentration of breast milk immunoglobulin A did not change significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 6) After use of postpartum massage program, there was significant correlation between psychological stress response and physiological stress response. The results suggest that postpartum massage program can be effective nursing intervention to reduce stress response in the postpartum mothers under stress.

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Effects of SP-6 Acupressure on Dysmenorrhea, Skin Temperature of CV2 Acupoint and Temperature, in the College Students: Eun Mi Jun; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1343-1350. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1343

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, the skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperatures in the college students.
Method
Data was collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 students from two universities ticipated in the study. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables', the intensity of dysmenorrhea, skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperature. Then, SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson & Rice(1974), Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(1980), and a Stress scale developed by Cheun and Kim(1991).
Result
There were statistically significant differences in the intensity of dysmenorrhea 30minutes after the intervention. The experimental group had a lower intensity than the control group. There were not statistically significant differences in skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperature 30minutes after the intervention with the experimental group.
Conclusion
SP-6 acupressure reduced the subjective perception of dysmenorrhea.

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Effects of Self-Foot Reflexology on Stress, Fatigue, Skin Temperature and Immune Response in Female Undergraduate Students: Young-Mee Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(1):110-118. Published online February 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.1.110

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of self-foot reflexology on stress (perceived stress, urine cortisol level, and serum cortisol level), fatigue, skin temperature and immune response in female undergraduate students.
Methods
The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design. Participants were 60 university students: 30 in the experiment group and 30 in the control group. The period of this study was from April to June 2010. The program was performed for 1 hr a session, three times a week for 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program.
Results
The results showed that self-foot reflexology was effective in reducing perceived stress and fatigue, and raised skin temperature in female undergraduate students. But cortisol levels and immune response were not statistically significant different.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that self-foot reflexology is an effective nursing intervention in reducing perceived stress and fatigue and, in improving skin temperature. Therefore, it is recommended that this be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for in female undergraduate students.

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