Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Correlation Among Waist to Hip Ratio, Body Fat, BMI, Weight and Serum Lipids in Obese College Women: HeaSook Kim, RanHee Hwang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(7):1768-1777. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.7.1768

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate the waist to hip ratio, body fat, BMI(Body Mass Index), weight, serum lipids and to examine the correlation between waist to hip ratio, body fat, BMI(Body Mass Index), weight and serum lipids in obese college women. The subject were 52 college women with a score above 25 on the BMI, between March and May of 2000 at G Women's University. Data has been analyzed by SPSS/PC using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The result of this study are as follows : 1. The mean of body weight and height of the subjects were 72.38kg, 160.23cm. 2. The mean of waist to hip ratio was 0.88, body fat was 38.88%, BMI(Body Mass Index) was 28.15, the level of total cholesterol was 174.88mg/dl, triglyceride was 104.29mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol was 50.83mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol was 104.23mg/dl. 3.Waist to hip ratio was more significantly correlated to triglyceride(r=.34, P<.05) and BMI(Body Mass Index) was more significantly correlated to triglyceride(r=.30, P<.05).

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Difference of the Obesity Index, Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Abdominal and Non Abdominal in Men and Women: Hee Seung Kim, Nam Cho Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(4):948-955. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.4.948

This study was done to compare the difference of obesity index(waist-hip ratio, body fat, body mass index, relative body weight), blood pressure and serum lipids in abdominal obesity and non abdominal in both men and women. Abdominal and non abdominal obesity was divided into waist-hip ratio above 0.85 in women and 0.95 in men. The subjects were 412 adults (age range 40-59), who had regular health examinations between 1996 to 1997 at the S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA (for adjusted for age) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. 39.9% of men and 42.5% of women had abdominal obesity. The average age group of abdominal obesity was 50.8 which is older than the non abdominal obesity group(48.0). 2. After they were adjusted for age, the group of men who have abdominal obesity had higher levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity group. The group of women with abdominal obesity had higer levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight , blood pressure and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity. 3. In the group of non abdominal obesity, the waist-hip ratio was significantly correlated to body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure and serum lipids the group of abdominal obesity in men and women.

Citations

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Association between Obesity and the Prevalence of Disc Herniation Diseases Based on Cohort Data
Jieun Kim, Hoseok Kim, Kyungsik Jeong, Seungwon Paik, Sukyung Lee
Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2024; 34(4): 143. CrossRef

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Correlations Between Waist-Hip Ratio, Body Fat, BMI (Body Mass Index), Relative Body Weight and Serum Lipids by Men and Women: Hee Seung Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(3):596-604. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.3.596

Abstract PDF

This study aims at examining the correlations between waist-hip ratio, body fat, BMI, relative body weight and serum lipids by men and women in 40's and 50's. The subjects were 412 adults, who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1996 at S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The group of men had higher levels in waist-hip ratio, BMI, body weight, triglyceride, total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol ratio, LDL-cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol ratio than the group of women. The group of women had higher levels in body fat and HDL-cholesterol than the group of men. 2. In the group of men, waist-hip ratio more significantly correlated to serum lipids than body fat and BMI. In the group of women, body fat, BMI and relative body weight was more significantly correlated to serum lipids than waist-hip ratio.

Citations

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The Association between Total Body Fat and Serum Lipids Concentrations in College Students
Jun-Ho Lee
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2017; 49(3): 233. CrossRef
Health Promotion Lifestyle According to Self-Perception of Obesity and Objective Status Measured by Bioelectric Impedance Analysis in College Women
Eun Young Chang, Jeong Sun Kim, Su Jin Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 693. CrossRef

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The Discriminant Analysis of Blood Pressure: Including the Risk Factors: Hyun Soo Oh, Wha Sook Seo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):256-269. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.256

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was evaluate the usefulness of variables which were known to be related to blood pressure for discriminating between hypertensive and normotensive groups. Variables able such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, and stress, and demographic variables such as age, economical status, and education. The data were collected from 400 male clients who visited one university hospital located in Incheon, Republic of Korea, from May 1996 to December 1996 for a regular physical examination. Variables which showed significance for discriminating systolic blood pressure in this study were age, serum lipids, education, HDL, exercise, total smoking(in order of significance). By using the combination of these variables, the possibility of proper prediction for a high-systolic pressure group was 2%, predicting a normal-systolic pressure group was 70.3%, and total Hit Ratio was 70%. Variables which showed significance for discriminating diastolic blood pressure were exercise, triglyceride, alcohol, smoking, economical status, age and BMI(in order of significance). By using the combination of these variables, the possibility of proper prediction for a high-diastolic pressure group was 71.2%, predicting a normal-diastolic pressure group was 71.3%, and total Hit Ratio was 71.3%. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the association of systolic blood pressure with life style-related variables after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables. First, the effect of demographic variable alone on the systolic blood pressure was statistically significant(p=.000) and adjusted R2 was 0.09. Adding the variable obesity on demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted R2 to 0.11(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of obesity on the systolic blood pressure was 2.0%. On the next step, adding the variable serum lipids on the obesity and demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted R2 to 0.12(p=.000) : therefore, the contribution rate of serum lipid on the systolic pressure was 1.0%. Finally, adding life style-related variables on all other variables resulted in raising the adjusted R2 to 0.18(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of life style-related variables on the systolic blood pressure after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables was 6.0%. Multiple regression analysis was also performed to examine the association of diastolic blood pressure with life style-related variables after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables. First, the effect of demographic variable alone on the diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant(p=.01) and adjusted R2 was 0.03. Adding the variable obesity on demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted R2 to 0.06(P=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of obesity on the diastolic blood pressure was 3.0%. On the next step, adding the variable serum lipids on the obesity and demographic variables resulted in raising the adjusted R2 to 0.09(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of serum lipid on the diastolic pressure was 3.0%. Finally, adding life style-related variables on all other variables resulted in raising the adjusted R2 to 0.12(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of life style-related variables on the systolic blood pressure after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables was 3.0%.

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Comparing the ability of anthropometric indicators in determining the prevalence of hypertension among Indian tribes
Gautam K. Kshatriya, Anjali Kumari, Subhendu K. Acharya
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2019; 13(1): 696. CrossRef

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Effects of Walking Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Body Composition in Obese Middle School Girls: Young Hae Kim, Young Ok Yang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):858-867. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.858

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to determine the effects of walking exercise training(WET) on metabolic syndrome risk factors and body composition in obese middle school girls.

Method

A non-equivalent pretest-posttest experimental design was used. Twenty seven subjects participated in this study from one women's middle school in Busan. The participants were purposely allocated to an experimental group (n=14) and a control group (n=13). The experimental group participated in 30-60 minutes of WET with 55 to 75% of a maximal heart rate six days a week for 12 weeks.

Results

The prevalence of individual risk factors on metabolic syndrome were improved in the experimental group after the intervention. The high waist circumference(WC), high triglyceride(TG), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), high blood pressure(BP) and high fasting glucose(FG) were 21.4, 21.4, 14.3, 28.6 and 7.2%, respectively. There were significant differences in WC (F=22.24, p<.001), TG (F=5.34, p=0.30), body weight(F=21.99, p<.001), fat mass(F=19.17, p<.001), and % body fat(F=17.93, p<.001) between the experimental and control group after the intervention. However, there were no significant differences in HDL-C, FG and BP between the experimental and control group after the intervention.

Conclusion

These results indicate that WET is effective in decreasing risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and body composition components in obese middle school girls. These findings suggest that WET can be useful as a nursing intervention in the prevention of obesity-related disorders in obese adolescents.

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The effects of detraining on blood adipokines and antioxidant enzyme in Korean overweight children
Jinhee Woo, Ki Ok Shin, Jae-Ho Yoo, Soyoung Park, Sunghwun Kang
European Journal of Pediatrics.2012; 171(2): 235. CrossRef
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Mee Young Im, Young-Ran Lee, Suk Jung Han, Chung-Min Cho
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Effect of an Obesity Management Program on Body Weight, Body Mass Index and Physiological Index of High School Girl Students: Kyu Jung Cha; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1362-1371. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1362

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to examine the effect of an obesity management program on the body weight, body-mass index, and physiological index of obese female high school students.

Method

Students from one school were selected as the experimental group, and students from another school as a control group so the latter group wasn't exposed to the experiment. The experimental group and the control group were each organized with 20 students. The experimental group received 60 minutes of behavior modification once a week, for eight weeks.

Result

The Body weight, and Body mass-Index of the experimental group significantly decreased after the obesity management program. Total-cholesterol, T-G, and LDL-C significantly decreased and HDL-C increased in the experimental group. Total-cholesterol, T-G, LDL-C and HDL-C between the experimental group and control group showed significant differences.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the obesity management program had a great effect on decreasing the body weight and body-mass index of the female obese high school students, normalizing their physiological index. In conclusion, this program turned out to be one of the safest and most effective obesity-management methods that could be applied to female high school students.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Health Promotion Lifestyle According to Self-Perception of Obesity and Objective Status Measured by Bioelectric Impedance Analysis in College Women
Eun Young Chang, Jeong Sun Kim, Su Jin Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 693. CrossRef

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The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Hormones, Blood Lipids and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Obese Women according to β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms: In Hong Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):1108-1116. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.1108

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This research was conducted to provide basic information about the effects of aerobic exercise on physiological change in middle-aged obese women according to differences of β3-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms.

Method

Twenty-nine middle aged obese women with over 30%BMI were divided into three groups according to β3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism[Variable Group(VG):9, Normal Group(NG):10, Control Group(CG):10]. The VG and NG groups performed walking at 50% exercise intensity for 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week, for 12 weeks. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program.

Result

The level of leptin, insulin and % body fat in the VG and NG groups was significantly lower than those of the CG after 12 weeks. In addition, the level of HDL-C in the VG and NG was significantly higher than that of the CG after 12 weeks. However, TC, TG and body weight between groups didn't appear significant at the end of 12 weeks.

Conclusions

Aerobic exercise didn't cause differences in persons with differing β3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms, but aerobic exercise affected the physiological change in middle-aged obese women. The findings suggest that aerobic exercise is a desirable nursing intervention for obesity control in middle-aged obese women.

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Brisk walking and lipid profile in obese subjects
B. J. Sushma, Chandra Sekhar Thiruveedhula
International journal of health sciences.2022; : 2555. CrossRef
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Anjulyn M. Ballard, Ashlee Davis, Brett Wong, Rodney Lyn, Walter R. Thompson
American Journal of Health Promotion.2021; : 089011712110481. CrossRef
Culturally Adaptive Walking Intervention for Korean-Chinese Female Migrant Workers
Sunghye Cho, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Meenhye Lee, Young-Me Lee
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Effects of Behavior Modification on Obesity Index, Skinfold Thickness, Body Fat, Serum Lipids, Serum Leptin in Obese Elementary School Children: Hyo Shin Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(3):405-413. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.3.405

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat, serum lipids, serum leptin in obese elementary school children.
Method
Forty seven students were selected from two elementary schools. Twenty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty three children in another school were assigned to control group. Experimental group was received 60~70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks.
Result
Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference.
Conclusion
These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

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Effects of Walking Exercise Intensities on Fatigue, Serum Lipids and Immune Function among Middle-Aged Women: Jung In Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(1):94-102. Published online February 28, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.1.94

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of a moderate and fast walking exercise program on middle-aged women's fatigue, serum lipids and immunoglobulins.

Method

A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experiment was conducted for 10 weeks from May 17th to July 25th, 2004 with 44 middle-aged women, consisting of 16 for the moderate walking group, 15 for the fast walking group and 13 for the control group.

Result

Walking exercise at both a moderate and fast speed was effective in middle-aged women in reducing fatigue and serum lipids. It was also revealed that extended periods of exercise was more effective in decreasing fatigue while for reducing serum lipid, high intensity exercise was more effective. In this study, serum immunoglobulins were reduced after moderate and fast walking exercise but its cause was not fully understood so further research is needed.

Conclusion

This study helps us recognize the importance of regular exercise and promotes motivation to exercise for a healthy life among middle-aged women.

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