The purpose of this exploratory study was to analyze nursing role conceptions and test the relationships between nursing role conceptions and professional commitment among selected Korean nurses. Data were obtained from convenience sample of 262 practising nurses of varying positions, education, and experience. The total sample represents a response rate of 93 percent. Subscales of Nursing Role Conceptions(Pieta, 1976) were used to measure professional, service, and bureaucratic role conceptions ; the tool to measure professional commitment was developed by the investigator. The results of this developed were as follows. 1. Professional role conception and service role conception were positively related (normative r=.61 ; categorical r=.64). Bureaucratic role conception scores(32.6+/-4.97) were higher than professional and service role conception scores. 2. Experience was positively related to bureaucratic professional categorical role conception(r=.17, p<.01), and negatively related to bureaucratic professional role discrepancy(r=-.12, p<.01). There was no relationship between experience and service role conception. This study also showed that nurses who had longer experience tended to have higher role conceptions on all three subscales. 3. Nurses with a master's degree had significantly higher professional and bureaucratic role conceptions scores. Bacealaureates graduates had the lowest bureaucratic categorical role conception scores ; associate nurses had the lowest professional categorical conception scores. 4. Nursing supervisors and head nurses had significantly higher bureaucratic categorical role conception scores, whereas they had lower bureaucratic normative and professional role conception scores. 5. Age and experience were positively related to profession commitment(r=.24, r=.28). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the combination of nursing role conceptions explained greater variance in professional commitment pair of the variables alone. Further research employing dynamic designs is needed to execute rigorous of causal models of nursing role conceptions and professional commitment. The findings of this study suggest that antecedents and moderating variables of nursing role conception and professional commitment need to be explored for further theoretical specification and empirical evaluation.

The present study examined the causal relationships among nurses' job environment/job characteristics (work overload, lack of autonomy, pro fessional role conflict, interpersonal relationships), maturity, job stress, job satisfaction and turnover intention by constructing and testing a theoretial framework. Based on Katz and Kahn's (1978) theory of organizational open system and Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, and Snoek's(1964) theory of stress, nurses' turnover intention, job satisfaction and job stress were conceived of as outcomes of the interplay between personal characteristics and work environment. Personal aspects associated with outcome variables included professional knowlege and skill, and maturity (challenge, commitment, control, responsibility). The work environment factors involved work overload, lack of autonomy, professional role conflict, and interpersonal relationships (social support). Three university hospitals located in Seoul were selected to participate. The total sample of 443 registered nurses represents a response rate of 96 percent. Linear structural relationships(LISREL) technique was used to test the fit of the proposed conceptual model to the data and to examine the causal relationships among variables. The result showed that both the proposed model and the modified model fit the data excellently, revealing considerable explanational power for job stress and job satisfaction. The explanatory power of turnover intention was relatively lower than those of stress and satisfaction. In predicting nurses' stress, satisfaction and turnover intention, the findings of this study clearly demonstrated that professional role conflict might be the most important variable of the all the environmental variables and personal characteristics. The results were discussed, including directions for the future research and practical implications drawn from the research were suggested.

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PURPOSE: Knowing the accurate GA is critical in nursing care of high-risk newborns. A descriptive study was performed to examine the reliability and clinical applicability of the new Ballard examination (NBE) in high-risk infants. METHOD: A NBE was performed to measure GA by assessing the neuromuscular and physical maturity in the course of physical examination of a convenient sample of 50 high-risk infants. RESULTS: 1) There was a highly correlation between both the GA by LMP (GA-LMP) and GA by NBE (GA-NBE) (r = .894, p = .000) 2) There was a greater positive relationship in neuromuscular maturity than physical maturity in the GA-NBE of the high-risk newborn (r = .657 versus r = .915, p<. 05). 3) The high-risk infants were thoes with congenital anomalies, prematurity, and RDS(Respiratory Distress Syndrome). Male infants showed a higher neuromuscular maturity, compared to female infants. 4) There was a positive correlation between neuromuscular, physical, total maturity, GA-LMP and GA-NBE in the birth weight, 1 minute Apgar score. CONCLUSION: The study supports the reliability an clinical relevance of NBE in assessment of the accurate GA in high-risk infants.

Sleep is a necessity for survival, Disruption of sleep leads to numerous adverse physiological and psychological consequences. These could be particularly undesirable for older patients, who are subject to many additional factors. But there is limited research related to hospitalized elderly in Korea. The purpose of the study is to explore sleep patterns and disturbing factors of before and after hospitalization, in order to present basic information regarding elderly sleep to develop nursing intervention. The sample consisted of 32 elderly men and women between the ages of 60 and 87 years. Data collection was done from September to November 1997. Measures of sleep patterns and related factors were obtained from self-reported sleep questionnaires. Analysis of data was done by use of t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In comparison between before and after admission of their sleep pattern, "sleep onset" tends to be delayed and nocturnal sleep time was significantly reduced. So, hospitalized elderly reported less total sleep time than before admission. 2. Regarding the sleep disturbing factors, medication(hypnotics : 37.5%), physiological factor(snoring : 59.4%) environmental factor(pillow : 78.1%), emotional factor(anxiety related to disease : 37.5%), and illness factor(fatigue : 34.7%) were reported. 3. Significant differences in gender were found. Men had more disturbances in sleep than women owing to difficulty in falling a sleep and lack of nocturnal sleep. Women consumed more sleep inducing drugs. Significant increase was reported in napping during the day with increasing age. 4. Significant differences between good sleepers and poor sleepers were found for the following variables : nocturnal sleep time, total sleep time, bed time, sleep onset latency time, sleep latency time after nocturnal awakening, time spent in bed upon arousal, environmental factors, and emotional factors. In conclusion, it was found that the quantity and quality of sleep were significantly altered in hospitalized elderly, but adequate strategies for better sleep were not practiced. Further research is needed to develop intervention strategies to promote sleep and to prevent sleep problems.

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• Sleep patterns and it's influencing factors of hospitalized elderly in long-term care hospital
  Hyo-Yoel Jang, Tae-Im Kim
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  Mi-Ryon Lee, Mun-Hee Nam
  Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science.2014; 2(3): 176.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Sleep of Elderly Women
  Sohyune R. Sok, Jin Yi Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(1): 119.     CrossRef
• Effects of Eye Protective Device and Ear Protective Device Application on Sleep Disorder with Coronary Disease Patients in CCU
  Yoon Jung Koo, Hyo Jung Koh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(4): 582.     CrossRef

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• Transcutaneous bilirubinometry versus total serum bilirubin measurement for newborns
  Charles I Okwundu, Abiola Olowoyeye, Olalekan A Uthman, Johan Smith, Charles S Wiysonge, Vinod K Bhutani, Michelle Fiander, Kanekal S Gautham
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