Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Influence of Social Capital on Depression of Older Adults Living in Rural Area: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey: Jung, Minho , Kim, Jinhyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):144-156. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21239

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the influence of social capital on the depression of older adults living in rural areas.
Methods
Data sets were obtained from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. The participants were 39,390 older adults over 65 years old living in rural areas. Indicators of social capital included trust, reciprocity, network, and social participation. Depression—the dependent variable—was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Hierarchical ordinal logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with depression after adjusting the data numbers to 102,601 by applying the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE).
Results
The independent variables—indicators of social capital—exhibited significant association with the depression of older adults. The odds ratios of depression were higher in groups without social capital variables.
Conclusion
To reduce depression, we recommend increasing social capital. Factors identified in this study need to be considered in older adult depression intervention programs and policies.

Predictive Factors of Aspects of the Transtheoretical Model on Smoking Cessation in a Rural Community: Ok Hee Ahn, Eunja Yeun, Sung Bok Kwon, Hae Kyung Chung, Eunjung Ryu; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1285-1294. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1285

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was done to evaluate the predictive value of aspects of the Transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior change as applied to smoking cessation in a rural population.
Methods
A convenience sample was recruited from a public health center in a community. A total of 484 participants were recruited, including 319 smokers, 116 ex-smokers and 49 non-smokers. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used in this study. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency statistics, ANOVA and Logistic regression.
Results
The major findings were 1) The participants were assessed at baseline for their current Stage of Change resulting in a distribution with 42.1% in Precontemplation, 24.1% in Contemplation, 9.7% in Preparation, 6.2% in Active, and 17.9% in the Maintenance stage. 2) There were statistically significant differences of processes of change, decisional balance and situational temptation across the stages of change. 3) The main factors that affect smoking cessation were age, number of years smoking, age when began smoking, self-liberation and negative/affective situations, which combined explained 33.2% of the smoking cessation.
Conclusion
TTM variables measured prior to a smoking cessation program added little predictive value for cessation outcome beyond that explained by demographic and smoking history variables.

Predictors of Physical Activity in Korean Older Adults: Distinction between Urban and Rural Areas: Seungmi Park, Yeon-Hwan Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):191-201. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.191

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the predictors of physical activity between urban and rural dwelling Korean older adults.
Methods
This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. A self-report questionnaire or face to face interviews were used to collect data from 336 older adults (urban: 129, rural: 207) who visited public health centers or welfare centers in 2008.
Results
About half of the participants (urban: 50.4%, rural: 47.3%) were classified as the minimally active group. Cognitive function (odds ratio [OR]=1.106, p=.004) and loneliness (OR=0.965, p=.044) were predicting factors for physical activity in rural elderly. Age (OR=0.326, p=.037), gender (OR=2.841, p=.021) and depression (OR=0.799, p<.001) were significant factors predicting physical activity in urban elders.
Conclusion
These findings provide information that is relevant in designing interventions to enhance physical activity in older adults. There is a need to develop effective mutifaceted physical activity interventions that include reducing psychological barriers such as depression, loneliness.

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