Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Effectiveness of the Eye Care Protocol in the Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Lim, Kyu Won , Ha, Shin Young , Kang, In Soon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):432-445. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24017

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study investigated the effects of an eye care protocol (ECP) on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods
This study utilized a randomized controlled design. Participants were patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the ICU (36 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group). The experimental group received an ECP, while the control group received standard eye care, starting the day after admission, for a duration of 10 days. The ECP classifies the degree of eyelid obstruction into three stages based on the degree of exposure to the lower eyelid conjunctiva and cornea. The protocol included cleansing with normal saline gauze, administering eye drops, applying silicone and polyurethane films, and recommending consultation with an ophthalmologist if necessary. The effectiveness of ECP was assessed by analyzing tear volume, hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0, employing the Mann-Whitney U-test and generalized estimating equations.
Results
On day 5, the experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in tear volume in both eyes compared with the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge on days 5 and 10 of the intervention.
Conclusion
The application of the ECP in this study increased tear volume in ICU patients, thereby reducing discomfort caused by dry eyes. It has the potential to prevent complications such as damage to the surface of the eyeball resulting from decreased tear volume.

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Structural Equation Modeling of Health Promotion Behavior on Migrant Workers: A Multi-Group Analysis Based on the Period of Residence: Jeong, Hanna , Kim, Youngsuk; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(1):73-92. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23101

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study developed and tested a hypothetical model of health promotion behavior on migrant workers based on the Health Promotion Model and the Health Literacy Skills Framework.
Methods
Data were collected from 298 migrant workers in 9 regions across the country from December 2020 to March 2021. The exogenous variables were e-health literacy, occupational stress, acculturation, and social support. The endogenous variables were perceived benefits of action, self-efficacy, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0, AMOS 20.0, and R-4.0.3 program.
Results
The model fit was appropriate. Social support had the most significant direct impact on the health promotion behavior of migrant workers. Perceived benefits of action and self-efficacy played a mediating role in the relationship among e-health literacy, social support, and health promotion behavior. Based on multi-group analysis, the migrant worker group with less than 5 years of residency had a more statistically significant effect on the relationship between perceived benefits of action and health promotion behavior than those with over 5 years.
Conclusion
Providing social support as a critical administrative strategy to enhance the health promotion behavior of migrant workers is necessary. Furthermore, when developing an intervention program utilizing the internal mechanism between social support and health promotion behavior, a self-efficacy-enhancing strategy is considered to be more effective. Additionally, educating migrant workers with short-term residence of less than 5 years about the benefits of health behaviors is essential.

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The Effects of the Infant Health Promotion Program for Mothers with Their Firstborn Infants: Yoon, Chae-Min , You, Mi-Ae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):666-677. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23056

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was intended to evaluate the effects of an Infant Health Promotion Program (IHPP) for mothers with their firstborn infants.
Methods
This study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants consisted of 17 mothers with their firstborn infants in the experimental group and 17 in the control group from two women’s hospitals. The experimental group received eight sessions of the program for four weeks. The collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test and repeated-measures ANOVA using an SPSS/WIN ver. 22.0.
Results
The experimental group receiving the program had statistically significant higher levels of infant health promotion knowledge (F = 22.91, p < .001), social support (F = 27.64, p < .001), maternal role confidence (F = 8.25, p = .005) and health promotion behavior for infants (F = 16.85, p < .001) than the control group. The experimental group had a statistically significant lower level of parenting stress than the control group (F = 29.93, p < .001).
Conclusion
The study’s findings indicate that the IHPP is effective in improving health promotion knowledge, social support, and maternal role confidence and decreasing parenting stress among mothers with their firstborn infants. A method of delivering intervention, focused on readily accessible online platforms, coupled with intervention strategies grounded in the theory of self-efficacy, proves to be an advantageous approach for this particular target group.

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The Impact of Mothers’ Smartphone Use, eHealth Literacy, Maternal Role Performance Confidence, and Online Social Support on Health Promotion Behavior for Infants and Toddlers
Se-Young JUNG, So Yeon PARK
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2024; 24(3): 134. CrossRef
A qualitative study on the oral health of mobile platform workers: focus on tooth brushing experience
Jae-In Ryu, Na-Yeon Tak
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2024; 48(2): 40. CrossRef

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A Caring Program for Health Promotion among Women Who Have Experienced Trauma: A QuasiExperimental Pilot Study: Kim, Goun , Kim, Heejung , Park, Jeongok , Kang, Hee Sun , Kim, Soojin , Kim, Sunah; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):500-513. Published online October 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22120

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Women are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress (PTS) than men, causing several health problems. Nurses should understand and work with women who have experienced trauma and provide interventions to promote their physical, social, and mental health.
Methods
This quasi-experimental pilot study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design. Data were collected from 14 women recruited between December 2019 and May 2020 from a self-sufficiency support center in South Korea for sexually-exploited women who had experienced trauma. The program consisted of six one-on-one intervention sessions per week for six weeks. Each session averaged 60~120 minutes. Participants were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Changes in outcome variables over time were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests.
Results
The caring program for health promotion was divided into six sessions: understanding the self, sharing traumatic events and negative emotions, reframing the meaning of traumatic events, identifying thoughts and physical and emotional responses, developing health promotion activities, and maintaining a positive attitude during the process of change. As a result of the caring program, PTS (F = 36.33, p < .001), depression (F = 24.45, p < .001), health-promoting behaviors (F = 7.06, p = .004), and self-esteem (F = 19.74, p < .001) among the participants differed significantly at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.
Conclusion
This study provides foundational information for the implementation of a theory-driven program by nurses in clinical and community settings to provide comprehensive care for women who have experienced trauma.

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Lived Experience of Middle-Aged Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Seo, Young-suk , Lee, Sunhee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):598-607. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22086

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived and true meaning of experiences of middle-aged patients with complex regional pain syndrome.
Methods
The participants were 10 men and women aged 40 to 60 years who received outpatient treatment at a university hospital, could communicate, and agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected through individual interviews using open and semi-structured questions from September 2019 to July 2021 and were analyzed using the content analysis method suggested by Hsieh and Shannon (2005).
Results
As a result of this study, 42 summarized semantic units related to life experience, 15 subthemes, and seven themes were derived. The seven themes were “pressed by severe pain,” “frustrated because I cannot be part of the community,” “distressed because people do not recognize my disease,” “sad about conflicts with family,” “unmotivated because of desperate life,” “appreciating for support,” and “putting oneself together and living daily life.” Conclusion: The vivid experiences of the participants derived in this study are the basic data for developing treatment guidelines. In the future, we propose a study on life and family care experiences according to the developmental characteristics of the life cycle of patients with complex regional pain syndrome and develop and apply programs to support patients and their families.

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Experiences of diagnosis and treatment for upper limb Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a qualitative analysis
Grace S Griffiths, Bronwyn L Thompson, Deborah L Snell, Jennifer A Dunn
Pain Medicine.2023; 24(12): 1355. CrossRef

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Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Health Management Program for Psychiatric Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Kwak, Yun Bock , Kim, Ji Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(3):261-277. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21222

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study developed an integrated health management program for metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients and examined its effects on self-efficacy, healthy lifestyle, physiological indicators, knowledge of metabolic syndrome, attitudes toward healthy behavior, and social support.
Methods
A non-equivalent control group pretest posttest design was used. The participants were 65 psychiatric patients with metabolic syndrome in psychiatric rehabilitation centers, with 33 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. The experimental group participants engaged in daily mobile application and walking exercises three times a week for more than 40 minutes over 8 weeks, while those in the control group were provided education booklets. The outcomes were measured using self-report questionnaires, anthropometrics, and blood analyses. Intervention effects were analyzed using the independent t-test, Mann—Whitney U test, ANCOVA, and Ranked ANCOVA.
Results
The experimental group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy (F = 8.85, p = .004, η_p2 = .13) and knowledge of metabolic syndrome (t = 2.60, p = .012, d = 0.60) compared to the control group. Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated a significant decrease in waist circumference (Z = - 2.34, p = .009, d = 0.58) and body mass index (Z = - 1.91, p = .028, d = 0.47) compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The integrated health management program for psychiatric patients with metabolic syndrome is effective in improving self-efficacy and knowledge of metabolic syndrome and decreasing physiological indicators such as waist circumference and body mass index.

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User evaluation of a mobile education application for the management of metabolic syndrome among cancer survivors
Ji-Su Kim, Minhae Kim, Yeji Seo
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 63: 102276. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a Web-Based Self-Management Program for Korean Adult Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Based on the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills Model
Seohyeon Hwang, Woori Na, Dayoung Oh, Cheongmin Sohn
Applied Sciences.2023; 13(12): 6915. CrossRef
Effect of Patient Safety Training Program of Nurses in Operating Room
Peijia Zhang, Xin Liao, Jie Luo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(4): 378. CrossRef

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Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the COVID Stress Scale: Meltem, Demirgöz Bal , Melike, Dişsiz , Fadime, Bayri Bingöl; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):525-536. Published online October 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21106

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the Turkish adaptation of the COVID Stress Scale (CSS) on the basis of determining the stress caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and to test its validity and reliability.
Methods
The English CSS was translated into Turkish using forward and backward translation. Data were collected online from 360 participants. Construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and content validity. Pearson product-moment correlation, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient, and test-retest methods were used to evaluate reliability.
Results
The Turkish version of the CSS has 36 items consistent with the original scale and has five factors: COVID danger and contamination, socioeconomic consequences of COVID, COVID xenophobia, traumatic stress due to COVID, and compulsive checking for COVID. The construct validity of the Turkish version of the CSS was verified by the adjusted goodness of fit index > .85, and comparative fit index > .95. The content validity index of each item was 91%. The corrected item-total correlations of the scale ranged from .51 to .89. Internal consistency was reliable, with a Cronbach’s α of .93.
Conclusion
The Turkish version of the CSS is valid and reliable. It can be used as a measurement tool for the assessment of COVID-related stress.

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Büşra Uçar Bostan, Cana Aksoy Poyraz, Beril Kara Esen, Nazife Gamze Usta Sağlam
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Is there evidence for factorial invariance of the COVID Stress Scales? an analysis of North American and cross-cultural populations
Blake A. E. Boehme, Laura Kinsman, Steven Taylor, Gordon J. G. Asmundson
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Psychometric evaluation and item response theory analysis of the COVID Stress Scales in an older adult population
Kylie A. Arsenault, Ying C. MacNab, Gordon G. J. G. Asmundson, Thomas Hadjistavropoulos
Aging & Mental Health.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Psychometric properties of a brief version of the COVID‐19 Stress Scales (CSS‐B) in young adult undergraduates
Tabatha Thibault, Kara Thompson, Matthew Keough, Marvin Krank, Patricia Conrod, Mackenzie Moore, Sherry H. Stewart
Stress and Health.2023; 39(1): 154. CrossRef
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Elif PAKLACI, Elif KAYA AYDOĞDU, Besey ÖREN
Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi.2023; 27(3): 138. CrossRef
Initial translation and validation of the Brief Version of the COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS-B)
Razieh Bandari, Majideh Heravi- Karimooi, Mahsa Tebyanian, Hossein Shahcheragh
Payesh (Health Monitor) Journal.2023; 22(5): 617. CrossRef
Does COVID-19 related symptomatology indicate a transdiagnostic neuropsychiatric disorder? - Multidisciplinary implications
Sari Goldstein Ferber, Gal Shoval, Gil Zalsman, Aron Weller
World Journal of Psychiatry.2022; 12(8): 1004. CrossRef
The adaption of the Chinese version of the COVID Stress Scales as a screening instrument of stress: Psychometric properties during the COVID-19 pandemic
Lu Xia, Qiaoping Lian, Haibo Yang, Daxing Wu
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Effects of a Cognitive Behavior Therapy Program for Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Kong, Kyoung Ran , Lee, Eun Nam; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):347-362. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21025

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study developed a cognitive behavioral therapy program aimed at altering the physical condition, emotions, and behaviors of fibromyalgia patients, and confirmed the program’s clinical applicability. The program was developed by analyzing previous studies conducting in-depth interviews with fibromyalgia patients, drawing on cognitive behavior theory to establish the program contents, recruiting experts to test its validity, and conducting a preliminary survey.
Methods
To confirm the program’s effect, this study used a randomized controlled trial design. The participants were outpatients diagnosed with fibromyalgia in Dong-A University Hospital, Busan. The 30 patients in the experimental group took part in the program, which comprised 8 sessions (90 to 120 minutes) based on cognitive behavior theory, delivered over 8 weeks. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the repeated measures ANOVA.
Results
The analysis revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in positive automatic thoughts, pain, fatigue, depression, and interpersonal relationships. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of sleep disorders and negative automatic thoughts.
Conclusion
This program is a positive effect on physical condition, emotions, and behaviors. It is thus expected to be used to help fibromyalgia patients improve their disease conditions.

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Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2025; 25(1): 42. CrossRef
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Original Articles

Effectiveness of Multi Interventional Package on Selected Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome among Women - A Pilot Study: Elizabeth, Attonassary Jose , Aruna, Swaminathan , Mercy, Parayidathil Joseph; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):523-532. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20012

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of multi interventional package (MIP) and lifestyle interventions (LI) on physiological parameters of women with metabolic syndrome, to compare the effectiveness of MIP and LI on biochemical parameters of women with metabolic syndrome and to compare the effectiveness of MIP and LI on socio-psychological parameters of women with metabolic syndrome.
Methods
A quasi experimental nonequivalent control group design with two experimental groups and one control group was used to collect data from 60 self-help group women. Samples were selected by multistage sampling. Reflexology foot massage, dietary modification, moderate intensity exercise and structured education were given to MIP group and dietary modification, moderate intensity exercise and structured education were given to LI group for 12 weeks. Control group received routine care. Demographic and clinical data sheets were used to collect basic information. Knowledge was assessed by a knowledge questionnaire. Physiological (weight, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (HDL, triglycerides and FBS) were assessed before and after the intervention.
Results
The study found significant change in the physiological and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome as well as knowledge among the MIP group and LI group compared to the control group (p < .001).
Conclusion
MIP and LI are effective in controlling the parameters of metabolic syndrome. Hence the guidance may be provided to women with metabolic syndrome for adopting necessary lifestyle changes as well as reflexology foot massage to control the physiological and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome.

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Effects of BeHaS Program on Health Behavior, Physiologic Index and Self-Esteem of the Elderly Living Alone with Metabolic Syndrome Based on Community Based Participatory Research: Kim, Jong Im , Kim, Sun Ae , Park, Keumok , Kim, Jiyoung , Lee, Lina , Choi, Si Wan , Ku, Bon Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):571-582. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19261

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effects of a 12-week metabolic syndrome BeHaS (Be Happy and Strong) program in elderly people with metabolic syndrome living alone, based on a community-based participatory research (CBPR).
Methods
A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was used, and the participants were 43 elderly people living alone (experimental group 24, control group 19). The experimental group received a one-hour program per week and two individual health consultations during 12 weeks. The control group received two sessions about the metabolic syndrome and two individual health consultations. The effects of health behavior, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, abdominal circumference, triglycerides, and self-esteem were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
Results
The health behavior with respect to the metabolic syndrome in the experimental group increased significantly (t = - 3.19, p = .002). Both diastolic blood pressure and abdominal circumference decreased in the experimental group (t = 2.00, p = .028 and t = 3.91, p < .001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar levels, triglycerides, and self-esteem.
Conclusion
The 12-week metabolic syndrome BeHaS program using community resources improves the health of elderly people with metabolic syndrome living alone. Based on these findings, further studies on the effectiveness of the metabolic syndrome BeHaS program and the experiences of those who participated in the CBPR are warranted.

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Exploring the Impact of Smart Mobility and ICT Solutions on Older Adults’ Mobility: A Systematic Literature Review
Chengyuan An
IEEE Access.2024; 12: 159056. CrossRef
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서현 이, 슬 구, 유미 서, 선화 반
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Research Paper

Secondary Data Analysis on the Factors Influencing Premenstrual Symptoms of Shift Work Nurses: Focused on the Sleep and Occupational Stress: Baek, Jihyun , Choi-Kwon, Smi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):631-640. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19230

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) of shift nurses and identify the association between PMS, sleep, and occupational stress.
Methods
This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that used data from the Shift Work Nurse’s Health and Turnover study. The participants were 258 nurses who were working in shifts including night shifts. PMS, sleep patterns (sleep time and sleep time variability), sleep quality, and the occupational stress of each participant were measured using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, a sleep diary, an actigraph, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and STATA 15.1 to obtain descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Baron and Kenny’s mediating analysis.
Results
The average PMS score, average sleep time, average sleep time variability, average sleep quality score, and average occupational stress score of the participants was 53.95 ± 40.45, 7.52 ± 0.89 hours, 32.84 ± 8.43%, 12.34 ± 5.95, and 49.89 ± 8.98, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis with GEE indicated that sleep time variability (B = 0.86, p = .001), and sleep quality (B = 2.36, p < .001) had negative effects on nurses’ PMS. We also found that sleep quality had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between occupational stress and PMS.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that both sleep time variability and sleep quality are important factors associated with PMS among shift work nurses. To improve shift nurses’ PMS status, strategies are urgently needed to decrease sleep time variability and increase sleep quality.

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Hospital Nurses’ Professional Quality of Life Model: A Cross‐Sectional Study Based on the Expanded Job Demands‐Resources Model
Younghee Kim, Mi Yu, Jacopo Fiorini
Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Premenstrual Symptoms Risk Factors Among Newly Graduated Nurses in Shift Work: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Iksoo Huh, Smi Choi-Kwon, Jison Ki, Soyeon Kim, Jihyun Baek
Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(5): 501. CrossRef
Premenstrual Syndrome’s Impact on Work-Related Quality of Life Among Jordanian Nurses
Yamamah Al-Hmaid, Othman Beni Yonis, Mais Alkhalili, Khalid Kheirallah
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigating influencing factors on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among female college students
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Li Li, Xiaoyan Lv, Yuxin Li, Xinyue Zhang, Mengli Li, Yingjuan Cao
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Shift nurses’ social jetlag, anxiety, and premenstrual symptoms: A cross-sectional study
Taeyeon Kim, Sun Joo Jang
Collegian.2022; 29(4): 477. CrossRef
Depressive symptoms and menstrual distress according to the menstrual phase in nurses: the Korea Nurses’ Health Study
Oksoo Kim, Sue Kim, Hae Ok Jeon, Ahrin Kim, Chiyoung Cha, Bohye Kim
Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology.2022; 43(4): 541. CrossRef
Secondary Data Analysis on the Quality of Sleep and Related Factors of Novice and Experienced Shift Work Nurses
Minjeong Yu, Smi Choi-Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(5): 646. CrossRef

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Review Article

A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Mind-Body Therapy on Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Choi, Eun Hui , Kim, Moon Ja , Lee, Eun Nam; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):385-400. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19224

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Previous randomized controlled trials (RCT) found that mind-body therapy can improve the health outcomes of patients with irritablebowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the combined effects of mind-body therapy on patients’ IBSsymptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using various databases such asPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL CENTRAL, DBpia, RISS, and KISS. The primary outcome variables were IBS symptoms and quality of life; the secondaryoutcome variables were anxiety and depression. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.0 was used to analyze the extracted data.The effect size was calculated using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
Eleven final RCTs wereused for this meta-analysis. Mind-body therapy was found to have a significant effect on the IBS patients’ symptoms (SMD, -0.63; 95% CI,-0.77 to -0.48), quality of life (SMD, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.66), anxiety (SMD, -0.28; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.09), and depression (SMD,-0.31; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.12).
Conclusion
This meta-analysis reveals that mind-body therapy significantly improves IBS patients’ symptoms,quality of life, anxiety, and depression. The results suggest that, in the future, appropriate mind-body therapy should be applied toKoreans suffering from IBS. Moreover, the therapy’s long-term effects should be assessed.

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Original Articles

Effect of Resistance Exercise Program for Middle-Aged Women with Myofascial Pain Syndrome on Shoulder Pain, Angle of Shoulder Range of Motion, and Body Composition Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT: Kim, WonJong , Hur, Myung-Haeng; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):286-297. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.286

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the effects of myofascial pain syndrome on shoulder pain, range of motion, and body composition around the shoulder in middle-aged women.
Methods
A total of 72 women participated in the randomized controlled trial. The subjects were grouped into an experimental group (n=39) and a control group (n=33). The experimental group received a resistance exercise program using an elastic band for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. The control group followed a normal daily for 8 weeks. Measurements were conducted three times; before the experimental treatment (pre-test), the 2nd and 8th weeks after treatment.
Results
Regarding the general characteristics and homogeneity of the dependent variables, there were no significant differences between the two groups, except for the thickness of the left and right muscles and the left fat. After treatment, shoulder pain was significantly different between the two groups (F=18.54, p <.001) and the range of shoulder motion was significantly different (left, F=86.70, p <.001; right, F=98.66, p <.001). Furthermore, there were a significant differences in the thickness of muscles between the two groups (left, F=40.20, p <.001; right, F=29.57, p <.001); however, the thickness of fat was not significantly different.
Conclusion
The resistance exercise program reduces shoulder pain and improves the range of motion of the shoulder joint and increases muscle mass on around the shoulder. It suggests to conduct a study to confirm the long-term exercise effect.

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Hyun Seok Bang
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3135. CrossRef
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Yu-jin Lee, Jun-hwa Hong, Myung-haeng Hur, Eun-young Seo
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Effects of Oral Gargling with Aroma Solution in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Jung, Yun Ah , Kim, Hee Sook; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):200-209. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.200

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral gargling with an aromatic solution on xerostomia, objective oral status, and oral health-related quality of life in psychiatric inpatients.
Methods
A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was used in this study. The experimental group (n=34) received oral gargling with an aroma solution, while the control group (n=33) gargled with 0.9% normal saline. Dependent variables were measured at pre-, post-, and follow-up test. Data were analyzed using an c2-test, Fisher’s exact probability test, t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN v.21.0.
Results
After the intervention, significant differences were revealed in xerostomia (F=15.30, p <.001), objective oral status (F=38.44, p <.001), and oral health-related quality of life (F=62.70, p <.001) with an interaction effect between group and time.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that gargling with an aroma solution is more effective than 0.9% normal saline for the oral health of psychiatric inpatients. Therefore gargling with an aroma can be safely recommended as a brief, economical, and positive intervention in clinical settings.

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Ae Kyung Chang, Bo kyoung Kim, Ah Young Kim
Geriatric Nursing.2023; 53: 109. CrossRef

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Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Premenstrual Syndrome Prevalence Based on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems in Korean Young Adult Women: Yae-Ji Kim, Young-Joo Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):147-157. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.147

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

This descriptive study aimed to identify the menstrual cycle characteristics and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) prevalence in Korean young adult women using the retrospective and prospective Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP).

Methods:

In the first stage, participants included 151 nursing students studying in a university located in Seoul. Data were collected from April 20 to June 2, 2017, using the questionnaire on menstrual characteristics, pictorial blood assessment chart, and retrospective DRSP. In the second stage, participants included 17 students with PMS, based on the screening conducted in the first stage. Data were collected using the prospective DRSP from May 29 to 2 September 2, 2017.

Results:

Of the study sample, 104 participants (68.9%) had regular periods. Those with regular periods had 11.97 periods annually with a menstrual cycle of 29.38 days and a period duration of 5.72 days. Fifty-five participants (37.4%) showed menorrhagia. Sixty-four participants (42.4%) were found to have PMS based on their retrospective DRSP. When the ratio of women (52.9%) with PMS shown in the prospective DRSP was used as a positive predictive value, the estimated PMS prevalence was 22.4%.

Conclusion

This study provides clinically significant PMS prevalence among Korean young adult women, positive predictive value of the retrospective DRSP, and valid data to basically understand the menstrual cycle characteristics experienced by these women.

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Incidence of Colon Cancer Related to Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Prospective Cohort Study: Ahra Jo, Heeyoung Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):713-723. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.713

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the incidence of colon cancer in adults with metabolic syndrome.

Methods

This study employed a longitudinal study design and utilized secondary data drawn from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The data of a sample of 2,327 adults with metabolic syndrome tracked every two years from 2001 to 2014 were used in this study. Statistical data analyses of the frequency, number of cases per 100,000 person-years, log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox's proportional hazards regression were performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 24.

Results

During the observation period, the number of colon cancer cases was 46, and the total person-years were 252,444. The incidence of colon cancer was higher in current, over 10 pack-year smokers when compared to non-smokers (hazard ratio=3.38, 95% confidence interval=1.09~8.42).

Conclusion

Excessive and long-term smoking should be avoided to prevent colon cancer, especially in adults with metabolic syndrome, since it might exacerbate the risk factors of colon cancer. Particularly, health professionals need to provide individualized smoking cessation interventions to those at high risk of colon cancer.

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Review Article

Effects of Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Mi-Eun Kim, Ji Hee Jun, Muyng-Haeng Hur; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):655-676. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.655

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aromatherapy on sleep quality.

Methods

This is a systematic review of randomized controlled trial studies (PROSPERO registration number CRD42017064519). In this study, the PICO were adults and the elderly, aromatherapy intervention, a comparative intervention with the control and placebo oil groups, and sleep. The selected articles were in English, Korean, and Chinese.

Results

The results of the meta-analysis showed that the effect sizes of the experimental group were 1.03 (n=763, SMD=1.03, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.39) (Z=5.47, p<.001). In the aromatherapy intervention group, the effect size of sleep was statistically significant (Q_B=9.39, df=2, p=.009), with a difference of 0.77 for inhalation, 1.12 for oral intake and 2.05 for massage. A post-analysis showed that the effect of massage on sleep was significantly greater than the inhalation method. The regression coefficient of the intervention period, B=0.01 (Z=1.43, p=.154), also showed that the longer the intervention period, the larger the effect size; however, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

A total of 23 literature analyses showed that aromatherapy is effective in improving quality of sleep, and the massage method is more effective in improving quality of sleep than the inhalation method. A meta-ANOVA showed that the aromatherapy intervention affected the high heterogeneity of the effect size. Thus, future research with stricter control in methods and experimental procedures is necessary.

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Original Articles

The Influence of Grit on Turnover Intention of University Hospital Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Job Involvement: Ji Yeong Jeong, Youn Sook Seo, Jung Hoon Choi, Seong Hee Kim, Min Sook Lee, Sung Hwa Hong, Jung Suk Choi, Da Eun Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):181-190. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.181

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to confirm the mediating effect of job involvement in the relationship between grit and turnover intention among nurses working at university hospitals.

Methods

Participants included 437 nurses from university hospitals located in C city, Gyeongnam. Data were collected from January 8 to 19, 2018, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression, with the SPSS/22.0 program. A mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny, and bootstrapping methods.

Results

There were significant relationships between grit and job involvement (r=.40, p<.001), grit and turnover intention (r=−.29, p<.001), and turnover intention and job involvement (r=−.52, p<.001). Job involvement showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between grit and turnover intention.

Conclusion

Grit increased job involvement and lowered turnover intention. Therefore, to reduce nurses' turnover intention, it is necessary to develop a program and strategies to increase their grit.

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Effects of a Customized Health Promotion Program on Depression, Cognitive Functioning, and Physical Health of Elderly Women Living Alone in Community: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial: Ye Ri Ja Park, Kyeong-Yae Sohng; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):515-525. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.515

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a customized health promotion program (CHPP) on depression, cognitive functioning, and physical health of elderly women living alone in the community.

Methods

A randomized comparison of pre-and post-test design was used with 62 participants assigned to either an intervention (n=32 in seven clusters) or a control group (n=30 in seven clusters) in 14 areas of a town. The final sample included 30 intervention participants who completed the CHPP for 10 weeks, and 26 control participants. The intervention group participated in the CHPP weekly; they were provided with instructions about coping with their chronic illnesses, lifestyle modification, risk management, providing emotional support to each other, and floor-seated exercise, which they were encouraged to do three times a week in their homes.

Results

Significant group differences were found in depression (U=48.50, p<.001), cognitive functioning (U=2.50, p<.001), left arm flexibility (U=251.50, p=.023), right arm flexibility (U=225.00, p=.007), static balance (U=237.00, p=.012), and gait ability (U=190.50, p=.004). However, there were no significant differences in bothgrip strength and muscle mass between the two groups.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that CHPP was overall effective at improving depression, cognitive functioning, and physical functioning of elderly women living alone, and could therefore be considered a positive program for community-dwelling elderly women living alone.

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Effectiveness of Health Promotion Program Using Action Planning Strategy for Young Adults: Su Hyun Kim, Min Ji Kim, Sang Hee Kim, So Yeon Kim, Chae Yeon Park, Jee Yun Bang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):461-471. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.461

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy for young adults.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group pre-post-test design was used. One hundred three university students participated in the study. Participants in the experimental group (n=51) were provided the health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy for five weeks. The program consisted of weekly sessions that included action planning and group feedback. The control group (n=52) was provided with health information every week for 5 weeks. Program outcomes, including self-efficacy, physical activity health behaviors, total exercise time per week, daily cigarette consumption, frequency of alcohol drinking per month, nutritional health behaviors, and subjective health status, were assessed at baseline and at follow-up after 5 weeks.

Results

The participants in the experimental group demonstrated significant increases in self-efficacy, physical activity health behaviors, weekly exercise time, and nutritional health behaviors and significant decreases in daily cigarette consumption than those in the control group.

Conclusion

The health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy is a brief and effective intervention to promote health behaviors among young adults. Further investigation is warranted to assess the program's effectiveness among other age groups and populations at high risk for chronic illness.

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Psychosocial Adjustment in Korean Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Hyejin Sun, Jia Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):545-553. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.545

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The increasing survival rate of colorectal cancer demands various nursing interventions and continuous care for patients to adapt to their psychosocial daily lives. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study with face-to-face interviews was conducted of 156 colorectal cancer survivors after surgery visiting an outpatient cancer clinic at a tertiary hospital in S city, Korea. Posttraumatic growth, health-promoting behavior, length of treatment, difficulty in activities of daily living, and having a stoma were entered into the linear regression model.

Results

The strongest factor influencing the level of psychosocial adjustment was health-promoting behavior (β=.33, p<.001), followed by difficulty in activities of daily living (β=-.24, p=.001), posttraumatic growth (β=.20, p=.004), and having a stoma (β=-.19, p=.004).

Conclusion

Nursing interventions for psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors need to include the contents for posttraumatic growth, as well as health-promoting behavior, and activities of daily living.

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Elif Budak Ertürk, Hacer Ari, Çiğdem Üstündağ, Esra Yilmaz, Ülkü Topdemir
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Psychosocial adjustment and influencing factors in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: A latent profile analysis
Chen Yuan, Jingyue Xie, Lu Cui, Qianqian Du, Xinxin Li, Xiaoxuan Wang, Jianfei Liu, Xiaodan Wu, Meifen Zhang
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2025; 75: 102818. CrossRef
Correlated factors of posttraumatic growth in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Dingyuan Wei, Xue Wang, Mengxing Wang, Jiayan Wang, Fangping Chen, Luyang Jin, Xuemei Xian
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Hyun-Ju Ju, Uibin Lee, Yein Kim, Debra A. Harley
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Braidyn S Lazenby, Ashley Guidry, Erin E Donovan, René Dailey, Srinivas Joga Ivatury
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Julia Kittscha, Greg Fairbrother, Vida Bliokas, Val Wilson
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Effects of an Integrated Physical Activity Program for Physically Inactive Workers - Based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model -: Hye-Jin Kim, Jina Choo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):692-707. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.692

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

We aimed to examine the effects of an integrated physical activity (PA) program developed for physically inactive workers on the theoretical basis of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model.

Methods

Participants were 268 workers in three departments of L manufacturing unit in South Korea. The three departments were randomly allocated into integration (n=86) (INT), education (n=94) (ED), and control (n=88) (CT) groups. The INT group received self-regulation, support, and policy-environmental strategies of a 12-week integrated PA program, the ED group received self-regulation strategies only, and the CT group did not receive any strategies. After 12 weeks, process evaluation was conducted by using the measures of self-regulation (autonomous vs. controlled regulation), autonomy support, and resource availability; impact evaluation by using PA measures of sitting time, PA expenditure, and compliance; and outcome evaluation by using the measures of cardiometabolic/musculoskeletal health and presenteeism.

Results

Among process measures, autonomous regulation did not differ by group, but significantly decreased in the CT group (p=.006). Among impact measures, PA compliance significantly increased in the INT group compared to the CT group (p=.003). Among outcome measures, the changes in cardiometabolic/musculoskeletal health and presenteeism did not differ by group; however, systolic blood pressure (p=.012) and a presenteeism variable (p=.041) significantly decreased only in the INT group.

Conclusion

The integrated PA program may have a significant effect on increases in PA compliance and significant tendencies toward improvements in a part of cardiometabolic health and presenteeism for physically inactive workers. Therefore, occupational health nurses may modify and use it as a workplace PA program.

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Hyung-Eun Seo, Mijung Yeom, Hye-Jin Kim
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Use of the PRECEDE–PROCEED Model to Pilot an Occupational Physical Activity Intervention: Tailored Through a Community Partnership
Debra L. Fetherman, Joan Cebrick-Grossman
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Effects of Aromatherapy on Stress Responses, Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Blood Pressure in the Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Eun Jeong Song, Mi Young Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):1-11. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.1

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aromatherapy on stress responses, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, and blood pressure in patients hospitalized to receive coronary angiography (CAG).

Methods

A non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were patients admitted to the day angiography room to receive CAG at E University Hospital (34 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group). The experimental group treatment was inhalation of the aroma oil blended with lavender, ylang-ylang, and neroli at a ratio of 4:2:1 twice before and after CAG. The measurements of stress index, ANS activity, and blood pressure were performed 5 times as follows: at admission, at pre-CAG after treatment I, at post-CAG, 2 hours after treatment II, and 4 hours after treatment II. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test and repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

Significant interactions in the high frequency of ANS (F=5.58, p=.005) were observed between group and time. Stress index (z=2.14, p=.016), systolic blood pressure (z=4.14, p<.005), and diastolic blood pressure (z=3.28, p=.001) were significantly different between the experimental and control groups after 4 hours of treatment II.

Conclusion

The findings showed that aromatherapy was not effective before CAG, but was effective after CAG. Therefore, aromatherapy can be used as a nursing intervention for patients receiving CAG.

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Life Experiences of Uninfected Women Living with HIV-Infected Husbands: A Phenomenological Study: Myoung Hee Seo, Seok Hee Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):781-793. Published online December 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.781

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to understand the meaning and essence of the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands.

Methods

This qualitative study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method. Study participants were 8 females whose husband had been diagnosed with HIV for longer than 6 months, who had known about their husband's infection for more than 6 months, who were in a legal or common-law marriage and were living with their husbands at the time of interview for this study, and whose HIV antibody test results were negative. Data were collected from in-depth individual interviews with the participants from May to August 2016, and from related idiomatic expressions, literature, artwork, and phenomenological references.

Results

The following essential themes were identified regarding the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands: ‘experiencing an abrupt change that came out of the blue and caused confusion’, ‘accepting one's fate and making desperate efforts to maintain one's family’, ‘dealing with a heavy burden alone’, ‘experiencing the harsh reality and fearful future’, and ‘finding consolation in the ordeal’.

Conclusion

This study provided a holistic and in-depth understanding of the meaning and essence of the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands. Thus, this study recognizes these unnoticed women as new nursing subjects. Further, the present findings can be used as important basic data for the development of nursing interventions and national policy guidelines for uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands.

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Using decision tree analysis to understand the influence of social networks on disclosure of HIV infection status
Gwang Suk Kim, Mi-So Shim, Jeongmin Yi
AIDS Care.2022; 34(1): 118. CrossRef
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Mi-So Shim, Gwang Suk Kim, Chang Gi Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 279. CrossRef

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A Structural Model for Premenstrual Coping in University Students: Based on Biopsychosocial Model: Myung-Ock Chae, Hae Ok Jeon, Ahrin Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):257-266. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.257

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains premenstrual coping in university students and to test the fitness with collected data.

Methods

Participants were 206 unmarried women university students from 3 universities in A and B cities. Data were collected from March 29 until April 30, 2016 using self-report structured questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Results

Physiological factor was identified as a significant predictor of premenstrual syndrome (t=6.45, p<.001). This model explained 22.1% of the variance in premenstrual syndrome. Psychological factors (t=-2.49, p=.013) and premenstrual syndrome (t=8.17, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of premenstrual coping. Also this model explained 30.9% of the variance in premenstrual coping in university students. A physiological factors directly influenced premenstrual syndrome (β=.41, p=.012). Premenstrual syndrome (β=.55, p=.005) and physiological factor (β=.23, p=.015) had significant total effects on premenstrual coping. Physiological factor did not have a direct influence on premenstrual coping, but indirectly affected it (β=.22, p=.007). Psychological factors did not have an indirect or total effect on premenstrual coping, but directly affected it (β=-.17, p=.036).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that strategies to control physiological factors such as menstrual pain should be helpful to improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms. When developing a program to improve premenstrual coping ability and quality of menstrual related health, it is important to consider psychological factors including perceived stress and menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome.

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Investigation of coping behaviors and premenstrual syndrome among university students
Özlem Akın, Nülüfer Erbil
Current Psychology.2024; 43(2): 1685. CrossRef
Investigating influencing factors on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among female college students
Su Jeong Yi, Miok Kim, Ina Park
BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Sleep Pattern, Stress, Menstrual Attitude, and Behavior That Reduces Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents
Hye Jin Kim, So Young Choi, Haeyoung Min
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 423. CrossRef

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The Effects of prompted Voiding Therapy on Urinary Incontinence Control of Elderly Patients: Kyung Ja Lee, Mi Kyung Kim, Hee Young Song; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):943-952. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.943

Abstract PDF: This study was done to analyze the effects of prompted voiding therapy on urinary incontinence in elderly patients in an elderly care hospital. Specifically, this study looks to evaluate the effects of prompted voiding as an intervention for improving independent voiding and also identified the relationship of urinary continence to cognitive, emotional, and physical factors. The study was based on a pre-experimental design used to evaluate the effects of prompted voiding therapy on an experimental group without a control group. An experimental group of 143 patients was selected through convenience sampling from patients in an elderly care hospital. The data was collected from November 4 to December 14, 1996. Prompted voiding therapy is a behavioral therapy for managing incontinence and it is applied to patients who are cognitively impaired and dependent. In this study, the patients were asked at each designated time whether or not they had to urinate. If they answered yes, they were either given a bedpan or were assisted to the bathroom, and if the patient answered no, their diaper was checked to determine whether or not it was wet. The results were then recorded on the patients urinary voiding record. The urinary voiding score based on the model presented by Burton(1984), Burke and Walsh(1992), Chenitz, Stone and Salisbury(1991 was modified and used as a tool in this study. After forty six out of the total of 143 patients were selected for interviews through random sampling the levels of cognitive functions, mental depression and ADL(activities of daily life) within the given time frame were measured. In this study, the cognitive function was measured using the scale developed by Kabhn, Goldfarb, Pollack and Peck(1960), elderly mental depression, using the tool developed by Sheikh and Yesavage(1986), and the ADL(activities of daily living, through the Barthel Index. The data was analyzed through SPSS windows for descriptive statistics, repeated measured ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. According to the results of the study, the application of the prompted voiding therapy can improve the voiding pattern of patients. It was shown especially that incontinence could be controlled by the intervention developed according to the individual voiding pattern. In terms of the relationship between cognitive function, mental depression and ADL and the voiding function score, a close correlation was not found. It was shown that urinary incontinence can be improved through therapy even though patients have problems with their cognitive, mental and physical functions.

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Effects of a Program to Promote Self-Efficacy and Hope on the Self: Care Behaviors and the Quality of Life in Patients with Leukemia: Pok Ja Oh, Eun Ok Lee, Young Sook Tae, Dong Choon Um; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(3):627-638. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.3.627

Abstract PDF

Most patients having leukemia suffer severely from emotional turmoil due to the generalized perception that cancer will be fatal. The conventional chemotherapy results in side effects such as severe bone marrow depression which interfere with self-care management, vital for improvement in their condition. Bandura's theory of the self-efficacy suggests that self-efficacy can be enforced by performance attainments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and the release of emotional arousal. Self-efficacy can be enforced by a program of vicarious experiences and verbal persuasion, while the emotional arousal can be relieved through a hope promotion program. If once self-efficacy increases, the patient's self-care behaviors and the quality of life will also increase. The purpose of this study was to empirically test the effects of a program, to promote self-efficacy and hope, on self-care behaviors and quality of life in patients having leukemia. In this study, three types of approaches to enhance self-efficacy and hope were used : 1) a 20-minute long slide/tape for vagarious experiences ; 2) a 10-minute long telephone call coaching for verbal persuasion ; and 3)two booklets for information about the symptoms of leukemia and treatment modalities and hope promotion. Thirsty one patients were recruited in the experimental group and 29 in the control group with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest design. The subjects were patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Sherer and Maddux's self-efficacy scale, Nowotny's hope scale, and Padilla's quality of life scale were employed with some modifications. A self-care behavior scale was developed by the researchers. Statistical analyses including paired t-test, Chi-square, ANCOVA and ANOVA, were used. The results are as follows : The levels of self-efficacy, self-care behavior and quality of life were higher in the experimental group than in the control group after four weeks of intervention(F=28.71, P=.0001 ; F=63.35, P=.0001 ; F=16.57, P=.0001). After ten weeks of intervention, all of the dependent variables(self-efficacy, self-care behavior, hope and quality of life) in the experimental group were higher than in the control group(F=74.12, P=.0001 ; F=108.34, P=.0001 ; F=13.11, P=.001 ; F=43.52, P=.0001). In conclusion, self-care behavior and quality of life increased mainly through an increase an increase in self-efficacy, while increases in hope took more time and effort.

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The Study on Health Promoting Lifestyle of the Elderly: Young Shin Song, Mi Ra Lee, Eun Kyong Ahn; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(3):541-549. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.3.541

Abstract PDF

This study was done to describe health promoting lifestyle and determine affecting factors in elderly based on the Heath Promotion Model by Pender. Cognitive-perceptual factors that were included in this study were self-efficacy and hardiness. Modifying factors were demographic characteristics(sex, age, partner, previous illness, education level, income and religion). The specific purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of self-efficacy, hardiness and the demographic chasteristics to health promoting lifestyle and to determine causal factors affecting the elderly. The subjects were a volunteer sample of 98 elderly in one city in? The instruments for this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(47items, 4scale), Health Related Hardiness Scale(22items, 6scale), general Self-Efficacy Scale((13items, 5scale). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise Multiple regression technique with SAS program were used to analyze the data. The Results of the study are follows ; 1) The average item score for the health promoting lifestyle was 2.63, the highest score on the subscales was interpersonal support(M=3.3), followed by self-actualization(M=2.9), nutrition (M=2.8), stress management(M=2.7), health responsibility(m=2.1) with the lowest being exercise(M=2.0). 2) A significant difference between education level, income, religion and health promoting lifestyle were found. 3) All of the subscales on health promoting lifestyle were positively related to total hardiness(r=0.330, p<0.001). The hardiness subscale of control was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.276, p<0.01), and commitment was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.315, p<0.001), exercise/nutrition(r=0.245, p<0.01), interpersonal support(r=0.278, p<0.01), stress management(r=0.250, p<0.01). Challenge was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.315, p<0.001), exercise/nutrition((r=0.245, p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between self-efficacy and all of the subscales of health promoting lifestyle. Self-efficacy showed a significant correlation only with control(r=0.469, p<0.001), committment(r=0.507, p<0.001), Challenge(r=0.489, p<0.001). 4) Committment, self-efficacy and income explained 25.01% of the variance for the total health promoting lifestyle. The results of this study show that commitment, self efficacy and income predicted the health promoting lifestyle of the elderly. So health promoting programs that increase committment and self-efficacy should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle of the elderly, especially those who have low income.

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Ego Integrity of the Elderly - Focusing on Mediator of Self-actualization -
김고은, 신은주
Korean Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare.2016; 71(3): 109. CrossRef

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Predictors of health Promoting Lifestyle for the Korean Immigrants in the U.S.A: Myung Ja Kim, Hyo Jeong Song; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):341-352. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.341

Abstract PDF

The study was to examine the relationships among health promoting lifestyle, level of anxiety, and perceived health status and to reveal those variables affecting health promoting lifestyle in Korean immigrants in the United States. The subjects were 425 adults chosen from Korean religious and social organizations located in New York from April 25th through July 5th, 1996. Data analyses were conducted by using pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows : Health promoting lifestyle was significantly different according to age, religion, occupation, and the length of residence in the US. Those insured and those with no chronic conditions revealed a significantly higher score in health promoting lifestyle. Significant differences in the level of anxiety were found according to education, marital status, occupation, family income, and the length of residence. Those with no chronic conditions experienced a significantly lower level of anxiety. In the subscales of the health promoting lifestyle profile, self-actualization and interpersonal relationship revealed higher scores, whereas the scores of stress management, health responsibility, and exercise were lower. Those subjects whose perceived health status was very good, showed the lowest level of anxiety and the highest score on the health promoting lifestyle profile. Negative correlations were observed between the health promoting lifestyle profile and the level of anxiety, and between the perceived health status and the level of anxiety. Health promoting lifestyle was significantly predicted by the level of anxiety(22.0%), age(2.0%), health insurance(1.1%), respectively.

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Effects of yoga exercise on maximum oxygen uptake, cortisol level, and creatine kinase myocardial bond activity in female patients with skeletal muscle pain syndrome
Min-Sung Ha, Yeong-Ho Baek, Jong-Won Kim, Do-Yeon Kim
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The Educational Needs Of Mothers of Nephrotic Syndrome Patients and the Degree of Nurse's Educational Performances Perceived by Mothers: Mi Hae Sung, Seung Nam Paik; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):303-314. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.303

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This is descriptive study conducted to identify educational needs of mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients and the degree of nurses' educational performances perceived by mothers who look after mainly nephrotic syndrome patients. The study subjects were composed of 74 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Jure in 1996 to January in 1997. A questionnaire for this study was item Kikert type 5 point scale, developed on the basis of previous literature and researcher's clinical experience and the reliability of the used instruments was q=.97. The data analysis was done by SAS. t-test, and ANOVA were done to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs. Pearson correlation was done to measure relations between general characteristics of subjects and their educational needs and Stepwise Multiple Regression was done to test a variable affecting educational needs. The results were as follows. 1. Mean score of educational needs of subjects was 137.06(Maximum 176). The score of the educational needs of home care was the highest, but the question numbers(of that category) are smaller than others. So, the educational need of the diagnosis and treatment was regarded as the highest in contents. 2. The mean score of nurses' educational performances was very low, 74.91(Maximum 176). Nurse's educational performances score in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease ranked as the highest Burt that score in the care during hoapitalization was the highest in contents as the educational needs was. 3. The number of children excepting the patient(r2=.215289, P=.006)and the age of patient(r2=.23770, P=.001) were emerged as important variables affecting the degree of mother's educational need.

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Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 304. CrossRef

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