Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Formative versus reflective measurement models in nursing research: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study in Korea: Eun Seo Park, Young Il Cho, Hyo Jin Kim, YeoJin Im, Dong Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):107-118. Published online February 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24095

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to empirically verify the impact of measurement model selection on research outcomes and their interpretation through an analysis of children’s emotional and social problems measured by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) using both reflective and formative measurement models. These models were represented by covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM), respectively.
Methods
This secondary data analysis evaluated children’s emotional and social problems as both reflective and formative constructs. Reflective models were analyzed using CB-SEM, while formative models were assessed using PLS-SEM. Comparisons between these two approaches were based on model fit and parameter estimates.
Results
In the CB-SEM analysis, which assumed a reflective measurement model, a model was not identified due to inadequate fit indices and a Heywood case, indicating improper model specification. In contrast, the PLS-SEM analysis, assuming a formative measurement model, demonstrated adequate reliability and validity with significant path coefficients, supporting the appropriateness of the formative model for the PSC.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the PSC is more appropriately analyzed as a formative measurement model using PLS-SEM, rather than as a reflective model using CB-SEM. This study highlights the necessity of selecting an appropriate measurement model based on the theoretical and empirical characteristics of constructs in nursing research. Future research should ensure that the nature of measurement variables is accurately reflected in the choice of statistical models to improve the validity of research outcomes.

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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Occupational Coping Self-Efficacy Scale for Nurses: Youngrye Park, Sunah Park, Hee Ran Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):633-644. Published online November 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24094

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the occupational coping self-efficacy for nurses (K-OCSE-N) scale.
Methods
The English version of the OCSE-N scale was translated into Korean using a translation and back-translation process. Data were gathered from 213 nurses employed in a general hospital in South Korea. The content validity was assessed using the content validity index. The construct validity was verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Criterion validity was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients with the job stress coping and general self-efficacy scales. Reliability was examined using item-total score correlation and Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency.
Results
The exploratory factor analysis identified two factors that explained 61.8% of the cumulative variance: occupational burden and relational difficulty. In confirmatory factor analysis, the model exhibited adequate fit (χ²/df = 2.07, GFI = .95, SRMR = .04, RMSEA = .07, CFI = .97, and TLI = .95), with both convergent and discriminant validity deemed acceptable. The criterion validity presented a positive correlation of the K-OCSE-N with both job stress coping (r = .72, p < .001) and general self-efficacy (r = .72, p < .001). The internal consistency of the scale using Cronbach’s α for the total items was .89.
Conclusion
The K-OCSE-N scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring nurses’ occupational coping self-efficacy. This study suggests that various intervention studies can use the scale to assess and strengthen nurses’ occupational coping self-efficacy in nursing practice.

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Development of the Hospital Nurses’ Silence Behavior Scale: Chung, Soojin , Hwang, Jee-In; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):279-295. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23138

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a scale to measure hospital nurses’ silence behavior and examine its validity and reliability.
Methods
A total of 52 preliminary items on hospital nurses’ silence behavior were selected using a content validity test by seven experts on 53 candidate items derived from a literature review and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses. A total of 405 hospital nurses participated in a psychometric testing. Data analysis comprised item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent and discriminant validity tests. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for assessing concurrent validity, and Cronbach’s alpha was used for the reliability test.
Results
The final scale consisted of nine factors with 31 items, exhibiting acceptable model fit indices, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The score of the entire scale was positively correlated with the ‘Organizational Silence Scale (OSS)-the issues on which nurses remain silent’ (r = .60, p < .001) and ‘OSS-the reasons why nurses remain silent’ (r = .68, p < .001). Cronbach’s α of the scale was .92, and α of each subscale ranged from .71 to .90.
Conclusion
The Hospital Nurses’ Silence Behavior Scale is a useful tool for assessing multifaceted silence behavior among nurses. It can provide basic data for developing better communication strategies among nurses and other hospital staff.

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Mediating effect of grit on the influence of nurses’ silence behavior on medication safety competence: a cross-sectional study
Haengsuk Kim, Wanju Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(1): 81. CrossRef
Influence of Clinical Nurses’ Organizational Silence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment Moderated by Organizational Justice
Shin Ae Hwang, Haeyoung Min
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 416. CrossRef
Psychometric evaluation and translation of the Persian version of the Organizational Silence Behavior Scale (OSBS-P) for clinical nurses
Alireza Mirzaei, Mobina Jamshidinia, Mehrzad Aghabarari, Pouya Dolat Abadi, Reza Nemati-Vakilabad, Ehsan Namaziandost
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0314155. CrossRef

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Psychometric Properties of the Fall Risk Perception Questionnaire-Short Version for Inpatients in Acute Care Hospitals: Choi, Jeeeun , Lee, Sujin , Park, Eunjin , Ku, Sangha , Kim, Sunhwa , Yu, Wonhye , Jeong, Eunmi , Park, Sukhee , Park, Yusun , Kim, Hye Young , Kim, Sung Reul; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):151-161. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23127

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Patients’ perception of fall risk is a promising new indicator for fall prevention. Therefore, a fall risk perception questionnaire that can be used rapidly and repeatedly in acute care settings is required. This study aimed to develop a short version of the fall risk perception questionnaire (Short-FRPQ) for inpatients.
Methods
For the psychometric measurements, 246 inpatients were recruited from an acute care hospital. The construct (using confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity of each item), convergent, and known-group validities were tested to determine the validity of the Short-FRPQ. McDonald’s omega coefficient was used to examine the internal consistency of reliability.
Results
In the confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices of the Short-FRPQ, comprising 14 items and three factors, appeared to be satisfactory. The Short-FRPQ had a significantly positive correlation with the original scale, the Korean Falls Efficacy Scale-International, and the Morse Fall Scale. The risk of falls group, assessed using the Morse Fall Scale, had a higher score on the Short-FRPQ. McDonald’s omega coefficient was .90.
Conclusion
The Short-FRPQ presents good reliability and validity. As patient participation is essential in fall interventions, evaluating the fall risk perception of inpatients quickly and repeatedly using scales of acceptable validity and reliability is necessary.

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Development of a Reward Scale for Hospital Nurses: Kim, Sun Hee , Kim, Eun-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):525-537. Published online October 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23057

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and test a reward scale for hospital nurses.
Methods
The initial items were identified through a literature review and focus group interviews with ten hospital nurses. The content validity of the items was evaluated by ten experts. Fifty-one items were derived from the pilot survey. Four hundred eighty-eight nurses participated in the study: 248 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 240 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were analyzed using item analysis, EFA, CFA, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 29.0.
Results
The final scale consisted of 31 items and eight factors (decent wage, opportunity to grow and develop, support for special situations, various benefits, flexibility of work, job-related achievement, reflecting career and performance, and recognition), which explained 67.3% of the total variance. The eight-subscale model was validated by CFA. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing correlation with intention to leave (r = - .63, p < .001) and job satisfaction (r = .54, p < .001). The known-group validity was evaluated by comparing the reward scales according to age, clinical career, income level and hospital type. The scale was found to be reliable with a Cronbach’s α of .89.
Conclusion
Both the validity and reliability of the reward scale for hospital nurses are verified, which can enhance the understanding of the range of rewards and may assist nurse managers in establishing an effective reward system.

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Optimized nursing management in the Central Sterile Supply Department and Gastroenterology Department: a retrospective controlled study
Dali Wang
American Journal of Translational Research.2024; 16(12): 7480. CrossRef

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Internal Structure of the Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument with 8-Items in a Nationally Representative Population: Lee, Eun-Hyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(3):359-369. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23007

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study evaluated the internal structure (structural validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance) of the Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument with Eight Items (HINT-8), developed to measure Korean people’s health-related quality of life.
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 6,167 adults aged over 18 years. The structural validity of the HINT-8 was assessed using exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and measurement invariance were analyzed using McDonald’s omega (ω) and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, respectively.
Results
The HINT-8 had a single dimension and good internal consistency (ω = .804). The one-dimension HINT-8 ex-hibited matric invariance but not scalar invariance across sociodemographic groups (sex, age, education, and marital status). Further, it exhibited scalar or partial scalar invariance across medical condition groups (hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptoms, and cancer).
Conclusion
The study finds that the HINT-8 demonstrated satisfactory structural validity and internal consistency, indicating its suitability for practice and research. However, the HINT-8 scores cannot be compared across different groups regarding sex, age, education, and marital status, as the interpretation varies within each sociodemographic category. Conversely, interpretation of the HINT-8 is consistent for individuals with and without hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptom, and cancer.

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The Predictors of Dietary Supplement Use Among Women With Musculoskeletal Disease: A Population-Based Complex Sample Designed Study
Myoungjin Kwon, Sun Ae Kim, Youngshin Song
INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Network Analysis of Quality of Life Among Older Adults With Arthritis
Dahee Wi, Chang G. Park, Jiae Lee, Eunjin Kim, Yoonjung Kim
International Journal of Older People Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of the health behavior and nutrition status of young-old women according to the vitality in their quality of life: based on the 2019, 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jiyoung Jeong, Yoon Jung Yang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(5): 496. CrossRef

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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Ischemic Stroke Distress Scale (ISDS): Kang, Jaejin , Yoo, Yang-Sook; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):12-27. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22090

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to develop a scale to measure distress in patients with ischemic stroke and verify its validity and reliability.
Methods
Preliminary items were developed from literature review and in-depth interviews. The final preliminary scale was confirmed through a content validity test of eight experts and a preliminary survey of 10 stroke patients. The participants for psychometric testing were 305 stroke patients in the outpatient clinic. Validity and reliability analyses included item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency of the scale.
Results
The final scale consisted of 17 items and 3 factors. The three distinct factors were ‘self-deprecation, worry about future health, and withdrawal from society’ and this structure was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was supported by comparison with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (r = .54, p < .001) and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (r = .67, p < .001). Known-groups validity was verified by dividing groups according to ‘duration since diagnosis’ (t = 2.65, p = .009), ‘presence of sequela’ (t = 10.16, p < .001), and ‘awareness of distress’ (t = 12.09, p < .001). The internal consistency of the scale using Cronbach’s α for the total items was .93.
Conclusion
The Ischemic Stroke Distress Scale is a valid and reliable tool that reflects stroke distress effectively. It is expected to be used as a basic tool to develop various intervention strategies to reduce distress in ischemic stroke patients.

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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Assessment of Health Literacy in Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening: Shin, Hye Sook , Chi, Eunlim , Han, Hae-Ra; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):769-781. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21108

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Health literacy is a significant determinant of health and health behaviors such as cancer screening. Despite its significance, there are limited instruments available to assess health literacy targeting Koreans. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of Korean translation of a validated health literacy instrument in cancer screening—Korean version of assessment of health literacy in breast and cervical cancer screening (K-AHL-C).
Methods
A total of 555 women aged 20~65 participated in the online survey study. Of 52 items addressing five domains included in the original version, we focused on 36 items addressing three key domains closely associated with cancer screening: familiarity, health navigation, and comprehension.
Results
During content validation, two items from the health navigation domain were removed, yielding 34 items. Using Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, we found the evidence of construct validity of K-AHL-C. The Korean version was also significantly correlated with measures of Functional Health Literacy scale, cancer prevention behaviors, and subjective health status, suggesting convergent validities respectively. Finally, K-AHL-C had acceptable reliability coefficients (α) ranging from 0.71 to 0.92 for each domain and the total scale.
Conclusion
These psychometric properties support the K-AHL-C is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring Koreans’ health literacy in cancer screening. Also it is expected to use the instrument to detect breast and cervical cancer early and improve the screening rate, and ultimately to contribute to the promotion of women's health and women's health nursing practice.

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Associations and gender differences between OHI-seeking behaviors and eHealth literacy among Chinese university students
Jie Chen, Hua Tian
Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Health Information Seeking Pathways and Factors Influencing Health Literacy Among Cancer Patients: Based on Data from the 2nd Korean Health Panel 2021
Yun-La Hur, Eun-Jeong Hong
Asian Oncology Nursing.2024; 24(3): 155. CrossRef
A Psychometric Validation of the Korean Version of Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale for Nursing Students
Sung Hae Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 2804. CrossRef
Health literacy measures in South Korea: A scoping review
Heeran Chun, Su Hyun Kim, Eunja Park
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2022; 39(4): 39. CrossRef
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool
Da Woon Jeong, Gwang Suk Kim, Min Kyung Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(2): 173. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Development and Validation of the Self-Care for Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention Scale in the Community Dwelling Elderly with Risk of Dysphasia: Yang, Eun Young , Lee, Shin-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):474-486. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20041

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Korean version of the Self-Care for Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention(SCAPP-K) scale in older adults at risk of dysphasia.
Methods
The Hertz and Baas model of scale development and validation was used. Inthe development stage, items were generated via literature review and interviews with medical experts, older adults, and caregivers. Tenexperts assessed the items for content validity. Subsequently, 12 older adults participated in a pilot test to determine the comprehensibilityand appropriateness of the SCAPP-K scale. The validation stage involved a cross-sectional survey with 203 older adults for exploratoryfactor analysis (EFA) and 200 older adults for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and to determine convergent and discriminant validity. Totest the validity and reliability of the scale, EFA using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and CFA were conducted, andconvergent and discriminant validity as well as internal consistency reliability were determined.
Results
As a result of EFA, three self-carefactors (knowledge, resources, behaviors) with 21 items were validated. The CFA and convergent and discriminant validity indicated theapplicability of the three-factor self-care scale. The reliability of the SCAPP-K scale was acceptable, with Cronbach’s a=.87~.91.
Conclusion
The SCAPP-K scale has acceptable validity and reliability and can contribute to clinical practice, research, and education to improveself-care for the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in older adults at risk of dysphasia.

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Cause-specific mortality in Korea during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Jinwook Bahk, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022110. CrossRef
Translation of the Chinese version of the Self‐Care for Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention Scale and its validation among Chinese community dwelling elderly with risk of dysphasia
Zhen Yang, Fengmin Chen, Yibo Zhang, Sien Pan, Yingying Lu, Huijun Zhang
Nursing Open.2022; 9(3): 1902. CrossRef
Development and validation of a self-care scale for older adults undergoing hip fracture surgery: the HFS-SC
Eun-Jeong Jeon, Kyeong-Yae Sohng, Hye-Ah Yeom
BMC Nursing.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Study on the characterization, biocompatibility and efficacy of sponge brush products for oral care
Song-Yi Yang, Ji-Won Choi, Sang-Hwan Oh
Korean Journal of Dental Materials.2021; 48(1): 27. CrossRef

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Development of the Transition Shock Scale for Newly Graduated Nurses: Eun-Young Kim, Jung Hee Yeo, Kyeong Im Yi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):589-599. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.589

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess the transition shock experienced by newly graduated nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the scale.

Methods

The initial items were identified through a review of literature and in-depth interviews with nine newly graduated nurses. Content validation of the items was evaluated by five nurse professors and three nurses. Participants were 269 newly graduated nurses who worked at six acute care hospitals in Busan, Ulsan, and Yangsan, South Korea. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency.

Results

The final scale consisted of 18 items and six factors (conflict between theory and practice, overwhelming workload, loss of social support, shrinking relationship with co-workers, confusion in professional nursing values, and incongruity in work and personal life), which explained 71.3% of the total variance. The six subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the total items was. 89. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing total correlation with burnout (r=.71, p<.001) and turnover intention (t=5.84, p<.001).

Conclusion

This scale can be used in the development of nursing interventions to reduce the transition shock experienced by newly graduated nurses.

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Assessing validity and reliability of the Transition Shock Scale for Undergraduate Nursing Students (TSS, Chinese version) in associate degree nursing students
Huiting Weng, Ziwei Ding, Li Yang, Bo Zhang, Yuanyuan Luo, Qin Wang
BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effects of Nursing Students’ Practice Transition Shock, Resilience, and Professional Self-concept on Career Identity
Sein Ryu
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(2): 153. CrossRef
Professional Nursing Values in Nursing Students During Transitional Period to Nurses From the Perspective of Generation Z: A Longitudinal Study
Taewha Lee, Yoonjung Ji
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mohamed Hussein Ramadan Atta, Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim El‐Sayed, Samira Ahmed Alsenany, Heba Abdel‐Hamid Hammad, Nadia Waheed Elzohairy, Maha Gamal Ramadan Asal
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.2024; 21(6): 611. CrossRef
Effect of Transition Shock on Intention to Stay in Newly Graduated Nurses : The Mediating Effect of Positive Psychological Capital
Hyuna Kam, Chanhee Kim, Yeonok Yoon, Heeyoung Shin, Junghwa Lee, Myoungohk Kim
Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(3): 25. CrossRef
The mediating effect of transition shock on the relationship between readiness for practice and turnover intention of new graduate nurses in South Korea: A longitudinal study
Taewha Lee, Eunkyung Kim, Yoonjung Ji
Nurse Education Today.2024; 143: 106394. CrossRef
Effects of Resilience, Nursing Managers’ Empowering Leadership on Turnover Intention among New Nurses: Mediating role of Transition Shock
Hyun Jin Jung, Hyun Kyung Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 212. CrossRef
Influence of Nursing Practice Readiness and Social Support from Clinical Nurse Educators on Reality Shock among Newly Graduated Nurses
Kyoung Hee Youn, Eun Hee Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 494. CrossRef
Nursing practice readiness improvement program tailored for newly graduated registered nurses: A quasi-experimental study
Eun A Kim, Ji Sun Lee, Young Sook Bong, Eun Hee Jang, Yang Hwa Lim, Jung Ah Kim, Nan Song
Nurse Education Today.2024; 133: 106077. CrossRef
Predicting New Graduate Nurses’ Retention during Transition Using Decision Tree Methods: A Longitudinal Study
Taewha Lee, Yea Seul Yoon, Yoonjung Ji
Journal of Nursing Management.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef
Transition shock, future time perspective, professional self-concept, and professional identity among nursing interns: A cross-sectional study
Ziwei Ding, Huiting Weng, Li Yang, Bo Zhang, Yuanyuan Luo, Qin Wang
Heliyon.2024; 10(5): e26207. CrossRef
Relationship between Transition Shock, Professional Stressors, and Intent to Leave the Nursing Profession during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Dario Nakić, Ivana Gusar, Ivana Franov, Marijana Matek Sarić, Marija Ljubičić
Medicina.2023; 59(3): 468. CrossRef
Transition Shock of Newly Employed Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study
Ivana Gusar, Emila Peroš, Sonja Šare, Marija Ljubičić
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2023; 11(G): 82. CrossRef
Development and Validation of a Clinical Practicum Transition Shock Scale (CPT-Shock) for Korean Nursing Students
Soo-Yeon Kim, Yeong-Ju Ko
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Impact of incivility and psychological capital on nursing students’ transition shock
Chung Hee Woo, Chanhee Kim
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The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(2): 156. CrossRef
Transition shock and job satisfaction changes among newly graduated nurses in their first year of work: A prospective longitudinal study
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Journal of Nursing Management.2021; 29(3): 451. CrossRef
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Weiguang Ma, Yuqing He, Weike Zhao, Ruiyang Xu, Tao Liang
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Tingting Cai
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Cennet Çiriş Yildiz, Yasemin Ergün
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2021; 77(12): 4950. CrossRef
Association of work environment and resilience with transition shock in newly licensed nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Soon Ok Kim, Ji‐Soo Kim
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2021; 30(7-8): 1037. CrossRef
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Soo-yeon Kim, Yong Soon Shin
Journal of Nursing Education.2020; 59(3): 133. CrossRef
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Ji-Soo Kim
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Soo Yeon Kim, Yong Soon Shin
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(1): 17. CrossRef
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Eun-Young Kim, Jung Hee Yeo
Nurse Education Today.2019; 78: 32. CrossRef

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Validity and Reliability of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale-Korean Version: Jeong-Hee Kim, Moon Yeon Kong, Yun Hee Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):431-442. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.431

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This paper was conducted to validate the Korean version of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale (PGCIS-K) that measures caring behaviors as experienced by nursing students.

Methods

Translation of the PGCIS-K was validated through forward-backward translation methods. Survey data were collected from 218 nursing students in a nursing school. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Internal consistency and the Guttman split-half coefficient were calculated to assess reliability.

Results

The PGIS-K showed reliability except for 4 items (Cronbach's α=.91, Guttman split-half coefficient=.85), which were low (<.30) or negatively correlated with the total scale. A 12-item reduced form of the PGCIS-K was developed by item-analysis and construct validity evidence. Factor loading for the 12 items on 2 factors ranged from .47~.82, which explained 58.4% of the total variance. Two factors were named 'modeling and assistance (Cronbach's α=.87)' and 'communication and sharing (Cronbach's α=.82)'. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 2 factors with other measure.

Conclusion

The findings suggest preliminary evidence that the 12-item PGCIS-K can be used to measure nursing students' peer group caring interactions in Korea. Additional studies are recommended to continue the psychometric evaluation of this scale. Also, it can be extended to measure graduate nursing students or staff nurses' peer group caring interaction.

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Hospital organisational health as a mediator between positive nursing organisational culture, caring behaviour, and quality of nursing care
Bo Ram Ku, Mi Yu
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A structural model of nursing students’ performing communication skills
Cho Rong Gil, Kyung Mi Sung
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(2): 148. CrossRef
Adapting and Validating the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scales in Korea
Hyesung Ock, Mihyeon Seong, Insook Kim
Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2274. CrossRef
Influence of Nurse Manager and Peer Group Caring Behaviors as Perceived by Nurses on Organizational Socialization and Nursing Performance
Na Yeon Shin, Soyoung Yu, Seong Suk Kang, Seung Shin Lee, Min Jeung Park, DaeYeon Lee, Sun Mi Nam
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(2): 110. CrossRef
A Review of the Korean Nursing Research Literature with Focus on Quantitative Measurement of Caring
Jeong-Hee Kim, Young Sook Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(2): 155. CrossRef
Influence of Nurse Manager and Peer Group Caring Behaviors as Perceived by Nurses on Intention to Retention
Moon Yeon Kong, Jeong-Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(2): 191. CrossRef

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Psychometric Properties and Item Evaluation of Korean Version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ): Beomjong Kim, Inja Kim, Heejung Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):109-117. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.109

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ) and test its psychometric properties and evaluate items according to item response theory.

Methods

The 14-item NEQ as a measure of severity of the night eating syndrome was translated into Korean, and then this KNEQ was evaluated. A total of 1171 participants aged 20 to 50 completed the KNEQ on the Internet. To test reliability and validity, Cronbach's alpha, correlation, simple regression, and factor analysis were used. Each item was analyzed according to Rasch-Andrich rating scale model and item difficulty, discrimination, infit/outfit, and point measure correlation were evaluated.

Results

Construct validity was evident. Cronbach's alpha was .78. The items of evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion showed high ability in discriminating people with night eating syndrome, while items of morning anorexia and mood/sleep provided relatively little information. The results of item analysis showed that item2 and item7 needed to be revised to improve the reliability of KNEQ.

Conclusion

KNEQ is an appropriate instrument to measure severity of night eating syndrome with good validity and reliability. However, further studies are needed to find cut-off scores to screen persons with night eating syndrome.

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Review Article

Properties of the Measures to Assess Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Literature Review: Sang Hui Chu, Yoon Ju Lee, Young Joo Lee, Charles S. Cleeland; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):783-801. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.783

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the various measures available for assessment of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OXLIPN) and to evaluate the measurement properties of each assessment tool.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to identify existing measures for OXLIPN found in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, RISS and KoreaMed. The quality of the 24 identified tools was evaluated based on their properties of measurement including content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reproducibility, responsiveness, floor-ceiling effects and interpretability.

Results

Ten (41.7%) of the 24 tools were identified as specific measures for assessing OXLIPN and the most popular type of measures were clinical grading systems by clinicians (58.3%) and only 29.2% of measures were identified as patient reported outcomes. The most frequently used tool was National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC), but the validity of NCI-CTC has not been reported appropriately. Overall, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) received the best psychometric scores, and the Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool (CIPNAT) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynaecologic Oncology Group-neurotoxicity-12 (FACT/GOG-Ntx-12) followed NPSI.

Conclusion

To select appropriate measure, evidences should be accumulated through the clinical use of tools. Therefore, practitioner and researchers are urged to report relevant statistics required for the validation of the currently used measures for assessment of OXLIPN.

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Mi Sook Jung, Mijung Kim, Kyeongin Cha, Xirong Cui, Ji Wan Lee
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European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2017; 31: 84. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Validity and Reliability of ARQ-K (Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire) for Emergency Department Nurses in Korea: Moon Jung Jang, Eun Nam Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):544-553. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.544

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire (ARQ-K) measuring the intensity of reaction to victimization of emergency nurses in Korea.

Methods

An internal consistency reliability and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN (20.0) and AMOS (20.0). Survey data were collected from 321 nurses who worked in 3 levels - wide regional emergency centers, regional emergency centers, appointed emergency centers - of emergency care facilities in Busan, Korea.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha values regarding internal consistency were .77~.93 for the subscales of ARQ-K. Factor loadings of the 26 items on the four subscales ranged from .59 to .84. The four-subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (χ²/df=3.85, p < .001, RMR=.06, GFI=.80, NFI=.81, TLI=.83, CFI=.85, RMSEA=.09).

Conclusion

This study shows that the Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses' reaction to victimization of emergency nurses in Korea.

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Psychometric Properties of Korean Minimal Insomnia Screening Scale: Inja Kim, Sungjae Kim, Beomjong Kim, Heejung Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):853-860. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.853

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purposes of this study were to develop a Minimal Insomnia Screening Scale for Korean adults (KMISS) and to evaluate psychometric properties and discriminant ability of the developed scale.

Methods

Data from a cross-sectional survey of 959 Korean adults were analyzed to develop the summated insomnia scale, which was evaluated in terms of reliability, validity, and discriminant ability by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Item-total correlations ranged between .71-.79 and Cronbach's α was .87. Adequate validity was also evident. ROC-curve analysis showed area under ROC was .87 (95% CI: .84-.90) and identified the optimal cut-off score as ≤ 20 (sensitivity, .83; specificity, .75; positive/negative predictive values, .40/.95). Using this cut-off score, the prevalence of insomnia in the study sample was 26.3% and most frequent among women and the oldest group.

Conclusion

Data supports the psychometric properties of KMISS as a possible insomnia screening instrument. KMISS also shows promise as a convenient ultra-short screening measure of insomnia for adults and epidemiological studies in community health care settings.

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Jiyoun Lim, Chi Yoon Jeong, Jeong Muk Lim, Seungeun Chung, Gague Kim, Kyoung Ju Noh, Hyuntae Jeong
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Validation of a Korean Translated Version of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) for ICU Patients: Eun-Mi Kwak, Heeyoung Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(1):76-84. Published online February 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.1.76

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this methodological study was to examine the reliability and validity of a translated Korean version of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) developed for assessment of pain in critically ill nonverbal patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 202 critically ill patients admitted to a university hospital. Upon establishment of content and translation equivalence between the English and Korean version of CPOT, psychometric properties were evaluated.

Results

The interrater reliability was found to be acceptable with the weighted kappa coefficients of .81-.88. Significant high correlations between the CPOT and the Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators were found indicating good concurrent validity (r=.72-.83, p<.001). Data showed the area under the ROC curve of 0.86 with a cut-off point of 1, which resulted in 76.9% sensitivity and 88.6% specificity. The mean score of CPOT during suctioning was significantly different from that of before (t=-14.16, p<.001) or 20 minutes after suctioning (t=16.31, p<.001).

Conclusion

Results of this study suggest that the CPOT can be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess pain in critically ill nonverbal patients.

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Construct Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index for Korean Nurses: Eunhee Cho, Mona Choi, Eun-Young Kim, Il Young Yoo, Nam-Ju Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(3):325-332. Published online June 13, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.3.325

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of PES-NWI measuring nursing work environments in hospitals.

Methods

The Korean version of the PES-NWI was developed through forward-backward translation techniques, and revision based on feedback from focus groups. An internal consistency reliability and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN (16.0) and AMOS (18.0). Survey data were collected from 733 nurses who worked in three acute care hospitals in Seoul, South Korea.

Results

The Korean version of PES-NWI showed reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of .93. Factor loadings of the 29 items on the five subscales ranged from .28 to .85. The five subscales model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (RMR<.05, CFI>.9).

Conclusion

The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean version of PES-NWI has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure nursing work environments of hospitals in Korea.

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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Scale to Measure Health Behaviors of Adolescents: Yun Hee Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(6):820-830. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.820

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose was to develop a preliminary scale to measure Korean adolescents' health behaviors through a qualitative approach, to evaluate the scale psychometrically, and to develop a final scale.

Methods

Participants were 61 adolescents for qualitative interviews and 1,687 adolescents for the psychometric evaluation. Procedure included content analysis of interviews to identify health behavior categories for Korean adolescents, pre-test to confirm that preliminary scale items were understandable, content validity by an expert panel, development of the web-based computer-assisted survey (CAS), and psychometric analysis to determine reliability and validity of the final scale.

Results

A final scale was developed for both paper-and-pencil and CAS. It consisted of 14 health behaviors (72 items), including stress and mental health (10), sleep habits (5), dietary habits (12), weight control (4), physical activity (4), hygiene habits (5), tobacco use (5), substance use (2), alcohol consumption (4), safety (4), sexual behavior (9), computer use (3), health screening (4), and posture (1).

Conclusion

The scale's strong points are: 1) Two thirds of the final scale items are Likert scale items, enabling calculation of a health behavior score. 2) The scale is appropriate to Korean culture. 3) The scale focuses on concrete health behaviors, not abstract concepts.

Citations

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