Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

A Structural Equation Model for Posttraumatic Growth among Cured Patients with COVID-19: An, Soo Young , Choi, Heejung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(3):309-323. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22118

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to develop and test a model for posttraumatic growth among cured patients with COVID-19. This model was based on Calhoun and Tedeschi’s Posttraumatic Growth model and a literature review.
Methods
The participants comprised 223 patients cured from COVID-19 who were ≥ 19 years of age. The data were collected through an online questionnaire from March 21 to 24, 2022. The assessment tools included the Impact of Event Scale: Revised Korean version, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Distress Dis-closure Index, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Korean version of the Event-related Rumination Inventory, and the Korean version of the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 24.0 and IBM AMOS 26.0.
Results
The modified model showed appropriate goodness of fit (χ 2 = 369.90, χ 2 /degree of freedom = 2.09, SRMR = .09, RMESA = .07, CFI = .94, TLI = .93). The post-traumatic growth of cured patients with COVID-19 was explained through distress perception, self-disclosure, and deliberate rumination, with the explanatory power being 70.0%.
Conclusion
This study suggests preparing a disaster psychology program involving experts who can activate deliberate rumination is necessary. Further, this study may serve as basic data for developing a program to enhance the post-traumatic growth of patients cured from COVID-19.

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Actor and Partner Effects of Couple’s Daily Stress and Dyadic Coping on Marital Satisfaction: Won, Su Kyung , Seol, Kyoung Ok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):813-821. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20162

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of daily stress and dyadic coping on marital satisfaction using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediational Model (APIeM).
Methods
Participants were 314 couples who met the study’s eligibility criteria. Data were collected from March to April 2016 through apartment and cooperative company communities in Seoul. Two APIeMs of positive and negative dyadic coping were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 7.4. All measures were self-administered.
Results
Daily stress and positive and negative dyadic coping in both spouses had direct actor effects on their marital satisfaction. Daily stress in both spouses had an indirect actor effect on marital satisfaction through their positive and negative dyadic coping. The husband’s daily stress had an indirect partner effect on the wife’s marital satisfaction through his positive dyadic coping, while the wife’s positive dyadic coping had a direct partner effect on the husband’s marital satisfaction. The husband’s daily stress had an indirect partner effect on the wife’s marital satisfaction through his negative dyadic coping, while the wife’s negative dyadic coping had a direct partner effect on the husband’s marital satisfaction.
Conclusion
Dyadic coping is an effective way to deal with couple’s daily hassles as it increase their satisfaction in marriage.

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Original Articles

Adaptation to Motherhood in Central Asian-Korean Immigrants to Korea: A Grounded Theory Study: Su Hyun Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):677-689. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.677

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This qualitative study aimed to develop a substantive theory of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea.

Methods

Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted from July to September 2017, with 18 women who emigrated of Korean ethnicity from Central Asia to Korea, and took care of their baby for at least a year after their first delivery in Korea. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data from the transcriptions were analyzed through Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method, and data analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection.

Results

As a result of categorizing the interview data through the process of open coding, 10 categories, with 31 subcategories and 102 concepts were drawn, and “growth as a Central Asian-Korean mother in an unfamiliar, historical hometown” was found to be the core category of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea.

Conclusion

A characteristic of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea, drawn from this study, is that it differs according to the level of initiative to carry out interaction strategies, and the use of various supportive social resources. The findings indicate the need for Medicare eligibility adjustment for antenatal care, the extension of the visa renewal period during childbirth, the development of web- or mobile application-based educational programs in Russian language, and the establishment of integrated visiting healthcare services, community service resources, and policy support to enable these women to utilize various supportive social resources.

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Adaptation in pregnant women: a descriptive phenomenological study using Giorgi’s approach
Minseon Koh, Jisoon Kim, Sukhee Ahn
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Influence of Stress and Anxiety on Depression in Central Asian Koreans in Korea
Hyun-Bok Lee, Myeong-Suk Cho, Hyo-Ja An, Jeong-A Ko
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Factors Influencing Psychosocial Well-Being in Family Caregivers of People with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Hyeon Sik Chu, Young Ran Tak, Seung Hyun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(4):454-464. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.4.454

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing psychosocial well-being in family caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods

A descriptive correlational design was used. The transactional model of stress and coping was used to investigate the psychosocial well-being of 137 family caregivers of patients with ALS. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from January to November 2016. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the SPSS WIN 21.0 program.

Results

The regression model had an adjusted R² of .49, which indicated that meaning-focused coping, social support, ALS patient-family caregiver relationship (especially a spousal relationship), and tracheostomy were significant predictors of caregivers’ psychosocial well-being.

Conclusion

Meaning-focused coping and social support significantly influenced caregivers’ psychosocial well-being. Therefore, interventions to improve caregivers’ psychosocial well-being must focus on increasing meaning-focused coping and social support resources.

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The Effects of Violence Coping Program Based on Middle-Range Theory of Resilience on Emergency Room Nurses’ Resilience, Violence Coping, Nursing Competency and Burnout: Seung Min Lee, Kyung Mi Sung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):332-344. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.332

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a violence coping program (VCP) based on Polk's middle-range theory of resilience on nursing competency, resilience, burnout, and the ability to cope with violence in nurses working in emergency rooms.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study, with a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design, was conducted. Participants were 36 nurses who worked in emergency rooms and had experienced violence; 18 nurses from D hospital and 18 nurses from C hospital were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received the VCP twice per week for 8 weeks.

Results

Levels of resilience, F=59.41, p<.001, active coping behavior, c²=33.09, p<.001, and nursing competency, F=59.41 p<.001, increased significantly and levels of passive coping behavior, c²=22.92, p<.001, and burnout, F=52.74, p<.001, decreased significantly in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the VCP could be an effective strategy for reducing burnout and improving resilience, active coping behavior, and nursing competency. Therefore, it would be a useful intervention for improving the quality of nursing care provided in emergency rooms.

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Development and Validation of the Cancer-Specific Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Young-Mi Jung, Jin-Hee Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):319-331. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.319

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale.

Methods

A literature review, semi-structured patient interviews and an expert panel consultation produced a 27 preliminary item questionnaire. Participants were 150 cancer patients recruited to test the reliability and validity of the preliminary scale. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity and internal consistency.

Results

Item reduction and exploratory factor analysis led to 23 items, grouped into five subscales which were labelled new possibilities (6 items), coping skills (5 items), preciousness of life (5 items), relating to others (4 items), and personal strength (3 items). Convergent validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (r=.45, p<.001). The final scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's a =.94).

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that the Cancer-Specific Posttraumatic Growth Inventory has validity and reliability and is considered to be appropriate for assessing posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer.

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Adaptation Process to Group Home Living by Older Adults: Hee Sook Yoon, Sohyune Sok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):858-870. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.858

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the adaptation process of older people to group homes.

Methods

Participants were twenty older adults aged 65 or older who were living in group homes. Data were collected from January to April, 2015. In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted with individual participants. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method.

Results

From open coding, 100 concepts, 38 sub-categories, and 14 categories were identified. Analysis showed that the central phenomenon of the adaptation process of older people to group homes was ‘gradually giving up’. Causal conditions were ‘good-for-nothing body’, contextual conditions were ‘pushed’, ‘beleaguered’. Intervening conditions were ‘reliable pillar: children’, ‘having affection (情) more than having it from family: facility workers’, ‘comfort - like feeling at home’, ‘relieved: system’. Action/interaction strategies were ‘facing the unfamiliar reality’, ‘building relationships with other people’, ‘accepting reality’. Consequences were ‘a good place, more than expected’, ‘hope for the remaining days’, ‘waiting for a peaceful death’.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of the experience of the adaptation process of older people to group homes. The findings from this study can be used as basic data to establish policies to increase the number of small scale facilities which can help older adults adapt easily to the facilities.

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Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth in Survivors of Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Yong-Sik Jung, Youngmi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):454-462. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.454

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is defined as 'positive psychological change experienced as a result of a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances'. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of PTG and its correlates in Korean patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A sample of 120 participants was recruited from outpatients, who had successfully completed primary treatment of breast cancer at a university hospital., Data were collected from June to December, 2014 using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, lllness Intrusiveness Rating Scale, Cancer Coping Questionnaire, Revised Life Orientation Test and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results

Total score for the PTG was 79.18±17.54 in patients surviving breast cancer. Bivariate analyses indicated that PTG was positively associated with having a religion, perceived social support, greater optimism, cancer coping, and illness intrusiveness. Results of the regression analysis showed that cancer coping (β=.29, p=.001), optimism (β=0.28, p=.001) and illness intrusiveness (β=0.17, p=.037) were statistically significant in patients' PTG.

Conclusion

The research findings show that the variables of cancer coping, optimism and illness intrusiveness significantly explain PTG and these psychological variables can be used to provide improvement in PTG for patients with breast cancer

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Experience of Role Adaptation from Nurse to Member of the Nursing Faculty: Kwang-Ok Park, Jong Kyung Kim, Mi Yu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(2):168-182. Published online April 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.168

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate the experience of role adaptation from nurse to member of the nursing faculty.

Methods

Data were collected from 13 members of a nursing faculty through in-depth interviews. The main question asked was "Could you describe your experience from being a nurse to becoming a member of the nursing faculty?" Qualitative data from the field and transcribed notes were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory methodology.

Results

The core experiential category of role adaptation from nurse to member of the nursing faculty was 'striving for survival from culture shock'. The participants used the following three interactional strategies: 'recognizing everything and entering the school environment', 'self-reflection on being a professor and integration of experiences', and 'finding a way of adapting'.

Conclusion

The participants tried to adapt to life as a professor and reflected on and integrated their experiences into their new life on the faculty. College faculty need to understand the impact of changes and challenges faced by new professors during role adaptation and to support this adaptation through mentorship and organized orientation programs.

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The Psychosocial Adaptation Process of Psychiatric Nurses Working in Community Mental Health Centers: So-Young Min; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):868-878. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.868

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to verify psychosocial issues faced by psychiatric and community mental health nurse practitioners (PCMHNP) working in community mental health centers, and to identify the adaptation processes used to resolve the issues.

Methods

Data were collected through in-depth interviews between December 2013 and August 2014. Participants were 11 PCMHNP working in community mental health centers. Analysis was done using the grounded theory methodology. The first question was "How did you start working at a community mental health center; what were the difficulties you faced during your employment and how did you resolve them?"

Results

The core category was 'regulating within relationships.' The adaptation process was categorized into three sequential stages: 'nesting,' 'hanging around the nest,' and 'settling into the nest.' Various action/interaction strategies were employed in these stages. The adaptation results from using these strategies were 'psychiatric nursing within life' and 'a long way to go.'

Conclusion

The results of this study are significant as they aid in understanding the psychosocial adaptation processes of PCMHNP working in community mental health centers, and indicate areas to be addressed in the future in order for PCMHNP to fulfill their professional role in the local community.

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The development and effects of an online-based community psychiatric nursing practice program with the ARCS model
Pan Heui Kim, Hee Sook Kim
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2024; 30(1): 5. CrossRef

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Overcoming Experiences of Family Members Caring for Elderly Patients with Dementia at Home: Mi Ra Sung, Myungsun Yi, Dong Young Lee, Hye Young Jang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):389-398. Published online June 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.389

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to understand and describe the overcoming experiences of family members caring for elderly patients with dementia at home.

Methods

Data came from autobiographies on the overcoming experiences of caregiving from 31 participants, who had submitted the autobiographies to a public contest held by the Seoul Metropolitan Center for Dementia in 2012. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Four overcoming stages emerged from the analysis: confronting stage; challenging stage; integrating stage; and transcendental stage, representing transformation of experiences from frustration and suffering to happiness and new hope in life. The confronting stage illustrates severe negative feelings and exhaustion occurring after the diagnosis of dementia. The challenging stage signifies major driving forces in taking good care of their patients. It includes tender loving memories about the patients as well as family and social supports. The integrating stage shows genuine empathy for the patients' situation and the happiness of 'here and now', while the transcendental stage represents new hope in the future.

Conclusion

Health professionals need to support caregivers to find true meaning of caring and happiness in everyday life, while providing specific information on dementia care and relieving various negative feelings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Factors influencing the care burden among family caregivers using dementia care centers for older adults with dementia in Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Ja Eun Kim, Soo Jin Lee
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 382. CrossRef
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Eun Same Joh, Yun-Jung Choi
Journal of Gerontological Nursing.2024; 50(10): 42. CrossRef
Characteristics of Early Onset Dementia and Caring Experiences and Service Needs of Family Caregivers: A Mixed Methods Study
Jin Ha Kim, Gyungjoo Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(2): 101. CrossRef
Time usage analysis according to occupational area and satisfaction level in family caregivers of dementia patients
Woo-Hyuk Jang, Jong-Sik Jang, Jong-Hwi Park
PeerJ.2023; 11: e15178. CrossRef
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Doonam Oh, Jeonghae Hwang, Seonghee Jeong
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Safety Accidents and Coping Experiences among Family Caregivers Caring for Community-Dwelling Persons Living with Dementia
Ji Yeon Lee, Ha Rim Lee, Kyung Hee Lee
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(4): 352. CrossRef
Health Promotion Behavior among Older Korean Family Caregivers of People with Dementia
Aram Cho, Chiyoung Cha
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(8): 4123. CrossRef
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Seieun Oh, Mi Yu, Young Mi Ryu, Haejin Kim, Haeyoung Lee
Qualitative Health Research.2020; 30(1): 60. CrossRef
Family Members’ Experience in Caring for Elderly with Dementia in Long-Term Care Hospitals
Eun Kyoung Suh, Hye Ryoung Kim
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Jun-Ah Song, Myonghwa Park, Jaewon Park, Hong Jin Cheon, Mihyun Lee
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Hee Kyung Cho, Soo Jung Chang
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Chun-Gill Kim, Myung Soon Kwon, Young Hee Lee
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Ji Young Seo, Myungsun Yi
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Sora Choi, Myonghwa Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(5): 663. CrossRef
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Jung Ha Shin, Hyun-Ju Seo, Kye Ha Kim, Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Youngjin Lee
BMC Nursing.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
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Ju Young Ha, So Young Jeon
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Experience of Treatment Adherence in Korean Patients with HIV
Yunhee Park, Min Jeong Seo, Sanghee Kim, Soon-Young Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(4): 407. CrossRef
Cognitive Function, Behavioral Problems, and Physical Function in Long‐Term Care Insurance Beneficiaries with Dementia in South Korea: Comparison of Home Care and Institutional Care Services
Tae Wha Lee, Eunsil Yim, Eunhee Cho, Jane Chung
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.2014; 62(8): 1467. CrossRef

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Factors Affecting Mother's Adaptation to Breastfeeding: Sun Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):225-235. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.225

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify factors which influence breastfeeding adaptation from among the following: parity and feeding behavior, social support, psychological, and demographic factors.

Methods

The respondents were 179 breastfeeding mothers. Data were collected from June 2 to 19, 2009 at two community health centers and one pediatric outpatient department. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program and included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression.

Results

The major findings of this study were: 1) Significant differences in the level of breastfeeding adaptation were related to number of children, current problems related to breastfeeding, and lay supporters. 2) Level of breastfeeding adaptation was significantly related to marriage satisfaction, proportion of breastfeeding, length of previous breastfeeding, planned length of breastfeeding, parenting stress, and encouragement to breastfeed given by medical personnel. 3) Regression analysis showed that parenting stress, marriage satisfaction, current problems related to breastfeeding, and proportion of breastfeeding explained 44.3% of variance for breastfeeding adaptation. Length of previous breastfeeding also explained 9.7% of breastfeeding adaptation among mothers who had breastfed an elder child.

Conclusion

Mothers with lower marriage satisfaction, breastfeeding problems, and higher parenting stress require more help from their family and nurses for breastfeeding adaptation. Future research should include variables, such as mother's and baby's behavior related to breastfeeding, knowledge about breastfeeding, and attitude toward breastfeeding.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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S. Barandon, L. Castel, C. Galera, J. van der Waerden, A.-L. Sutter-Dallay
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Ya Ki Yang
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(1): 83. CrossRef
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Seung Hui Heo, Yoon Goo Noh
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2017; 23(4): 233. CrossRef
Quality of life of mothers at the sixth week and sixth month post partum and type of infant feeding
José Matías Triviño-Juárez, Beatriz Nieto-Pereda, Dulce Romero-Ayuso, Begoña Arruti-Sevilla, Beatriz Avilés-Gámez, Maria João Forjaz, Cristina Oliver-Barrecheguren, Sonia Mellizo-Díaz, Consuelo Soto-Lucía, Rosa Plá-Mestre
Midwifery.2016; 34: 230. CrossRef
Effects of Breastfeeding Empowerment Program on Breastfeeding Self-efficacy, Adaptation and Continuation in Primiparous Women
Seon Mi Song, Mi Kyung Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(3): 409. CrossRef
Association of Parenting Stresses, Maternal Role Adjustment, and Types of Feeding during Hospital Stays at Birth to Breastfeeding Adaptation
Sukhee Ahn, Yunmi Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(4): 262. CrossRef
Maternal Psychosocial Factors that Affect Breastfeeding Adaptation and Immune Substances in Human Milk
Eun Sook Kim, Mi Jo Jeong, Sue Kim, Hyun-A Shin, Hyang Kyu Lee, Kayoung Shin, Jee Hee Han
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 14. CrossRef
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Myoung Hee Yun, Hye Sook Shin
Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 112. CrossRef
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Myo Jing Kim, Yu‐Mi Kim, Jae‐Ho Yoo
Pediatrics International.2013; 55(2): 177. CrossRef
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Hyun-Joo Yang, Ji-Min Seo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(3): 399. CrossRef
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Ji-Eun Kim, Dong-Yean Park
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2012; 23(4): 523. CrossRef
Types of Breastfeeding and its Predictors of Mothers in Twenty-four Months after Birth
Miyoung Kim, Sun Hee Kim, Ja Hyung Lee
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The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics.2008; 46(6): 577. CrossRef

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