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Research Paper
Effect of Direct Breastfeeding Program for Premature Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Kang, Ji Hyun , Son, Hyunmi , Byun, Shin Yun , Han, Gyumin
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):119-132.   Published online February 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20240
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the effects of a direct breastfeeding program for premature infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
Methods
This quasi-experimental study was conducted during August 2016 to April 2017. Sixty mothers of premature infants were assigned to the experimental (n = 31) or control groups (n = 29). The program was comprised of breastfeeding education and direct breastfeeding support. The experimental and control groups were provided with education and counseling on breastfeeding at the time of admission and discharge. In the experimental group, the mothers initiated oral feeding with direct breastfeeding and engaged in breastfeeding at least seven times during the NICU stay. The collected data were analyzed by the χ2 -test and repeated measures ANOVA using an SPSS program.
Results
The experimental group showed a higher direct breastfeeding practice rate (χ2 = 19.29, p < .001), breastfeeding continuation rate (χ2 = 3.76, p < .001), and self-efficacy (F = 25.37, p < .001) than the control group except for maternal attachment.
Conclusion
The direct breastfeeding program in the NICU has significant effects on the practice and continuation rate of breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Therefore, this program can be applied in the NICU settings where direct breastfeeding is limited.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Fresh Parent’s Own Milk for Preterm Infants: Barriers and Future Opportunities
    Carrie-Ellen Briere, Jessica Gomez
    Nutrients.2024; 16(3): 362.     CrossRef
  • Exploration of Family-Centered Care in NICUs: A Grounded Theory Methodology
    Young Ah Park, YeoJin Im
    Qualitative Health Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and Effectiveness Evaluation of Comprehensive Mobile-Based, Breastfeeding Promotion Program for Mothers with Gestational Diabetes
    Eunju Kwak, Seungmi Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(2): 224.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Pain Assessment using CRIES, FLACC and PIPP in High-Risk Infants
Youngmee Ahn, Heeok Kang, Eunjin Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1401-1409.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1401
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Infants at neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are invariably exposed to various procedural and environmental stimuli. The study was performed to compare the pain responses in three NICU stimulants and to examine the clinical feasibility for NICU infants using CRIES, FLACC and PIPP.

Method

In a correlational study, a total of 94 NICU stimulants including angio-catheter insertions, trunk-rubbings and loud noises, was observed for pain responses among 64 infants using CRIES, FLACC and PIPP.

Results

A significant difference was identified among the mean scores in CRIES(F(2, 91)=47.847, p=.000), FLACC(F(2, 91)=41.249, p=.000) and PIPP(F(2, 91)=16.272, p=.000) to three stimulants. In a Post-hoc Scheff test, an angio-catheter insertion showed the highest scores in CRIES, FLACC and PIPP compared to the other two stimulations. A strong correlation was identified between CRIES and FLACC in all three stimulations(.817 < r < .945) while inconsistent findings were identified between PIPP and CRIES or FLACC.

Conclusions

The results of the study support that CRIES and FLACC are reliable and clinically suitable pain measurements for NICU infants. Further studies are needed in data collection time-point as well as clinical feasibility on PIPP administration to assess pain response in infants, including premature infants.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Evaluation of Pain in the Pediatric Patient Admitted to Sub-Intensive Care: What Is the Evidence? A Scoping Review
    Antonio Bonacaro, Carlotta Granata, Chiara Canini, Lucrezia Anderle, Federica Ambrosi, Maria Chiara Bassi, Giacomo Biasucci, Andrea Contini, Giovanna Artioli, Elisa La Malfa, Massimo Guasconi
    Epidemiologia.2025; 6(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • Using AI to Detect Pain through Facial Expressions: A Review
    Gioacchino D. De Sario, Clifton R. Haider, Karla C. Maita, Ricardo A. Torres-Guzman, Omar S. Emam, Francisco R. Avila, John P. Garcia, Sahar Borna, Christopher J. McLeod, Charles J. Bruce, Rickey E. Carter, Antonio J. Forte
    Bioengineering.2023; 10(5): 548.     CrossRef
  • Analgesic Efficacy of Quadratus Lumborum Block in Infants Undergoing Pyeloplasty
    Paul F. Chisolm, Nikhi P. Singh, Ian Cummins, Robert A. Oster, Damon Cox, Pankaj P. Dangle
    Surgeries.2021; 2(3): 278.     CrossRef
  • Defining and distinguishing infant behavioral states using acoustic cry analysis: is colic painful?
    Joanna J. Parga, Sharon Lewin, Juanita Lewis, Diana Montoya-Williams, Abeer Alwan, Brianna Shaul, Carol Han, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Sherry Eyer, Mirella Dapretto, Lonnie Zeltzer, Lauren Dunlap, Usha Nookala, Daniel Sun, Bianca H. Dang, Ariana E. Anderson
    Pediatric Research.2020; 87(3): 576.     CrossRef
  • Prevention and treatment of pain in the neonatal intensive care unit
    Hanna Popowicz, Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, Katarzyna Kwiecień-Jaguś
    BÓL.2018; 19(2): 21.     CrossRef
  • Effect of vapocoolant spray and EMLA cream upon DPT vaccination pain in infants
    Gunja Jang, Eunyoung Jeon, Eunsil Lee
    Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society.2014; 25(4): 705.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Mental Status in High-Risk Neonates using Infants Coma Scale
    Young-Mee Ahn, Min Sohn, Sang-Mi Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(4): 561.     CrossRef
  • Pain Response to Procedural Pain in Premature Infants
    Jung Sook Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Eun Ha Ham, Ji Hyun Kim, Young Hee Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 352.     CrossRef
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  • 8 Crossref
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Evaluation of Mental Status in High-Risk Neonates using Infants Coma Scale
Young-Mee Ahn, Min Sohn, Sang-Mi Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(4):561-570.   Published online August 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.4.561
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This was a cross sectional descriptive study to introduce the Infants Coma Scale (ICS), describe mental status of high risk infants using ICS and explore the relationships between ICS and clinical variables in infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Korea.

Methods

After ICS was developed and tested by the authors, a research nurse evaluated the mental status of the infants using the English version of ICS and obtained clinical information on the infants from their medical records.

Results

Data from 88 infants were analyzed. About 60% were male, 90% were preterm births, and 40% had pathologic abnormalities. Their mean gestational age was 32.4 (±3.50) weeks and the mean birth weight was 1,842 (±728.6) grams. The Cronbach's alpha for the ICS was .78. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between ICS total score and five clinical variables including gestational age, birth weight, 1 and 5 min Apgar scores and respiration status.

Conclusion

Mental status is an important parameter in nursing assessment. ICS is a valid and reliable instrument, which clinicians can easily use to evaluate the mental status of high risk infants.

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