Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Review Paper

Exploring Symptom Cluster Patterns in Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review: Pan Yang, Hui-juan Mei, Hao-yu Zhao, Rong-rong Wu, Yong-qin Ge, Yin Lu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):478-494. Published online November 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24041

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material ePub: Purpose
This systematic review aimed to scrutinize the progression of symptom cluster research in adult cancer patients who received primary or adjuvant chemotherapy between 2001 and 2023, providing a comprehensive understanding of clinical practice and future research.
Methods
PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for theme words and free words related to symptom clusters, cancer, and chemotherapy. Eligible studies were published between January 1, 2001, and May 30, 2023; adults who were diagnosed with cancer and received primary or adjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated.
Results
Twenty-eight studies were included in this review. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale emerged as the predominant instrument and exploratory factor analysis was the most frequently employed statistical method to identify symptom clusters. Psychological, gastrointestinal, and physical image symptom clusters were the most commonly delineated. Furthermore, the temporal stability of the symptom clusters showed varying dynamics, with psychological symptom clusters displaying relative consistency over time.
Conclusion
Interventions are needed for the most common and stable symptoms in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Future endeavors may necessitate more longitudinal studies to delve deeper into the temporal stability and dynamic variations of symptom clusters. Such investigations hold promise for advancing symptom cluster research, elucidating the underlying mechanisms, and fostering the development of targeted interventions, thereby enriching the symptom management paradigm in oncological care.

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Research Papers

The Effects of the Infant Health Promotion Program for Mothers with Their Firstborn Infants: Yoon, Chae-Min , You, Mi-Ae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):666-677. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23056

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was intended to evaluate the effects of an Infant Health Promotion Program (IHPP) for mothers with their firstborn infants.
Methods
This study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants consisted of 17 mothers with their firstborn infants in the experimental group and 17 in the control group from two women’s hospitals. The experimental group received eight sessions of the program for four weeks. The collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test and repeated-measures ANOVA using an SPSS/WIN ver. 22.0.
Results
The experimental group receiving the program had statistically significant higher levels of infant health promotion knowledge (F = 22.91, p < .001), social support (F = 27.64, p < .001), maternal role confidence (F = 8.25, p = .005) and health promotion behavior for infants (F = 16.85, p < .001) than the control group. The experimental group had a statistically significant lower level of parenting stress than the control group (F = 29.93, p < .001).
Conclusion
The study’s findings indicate that the IHPP is effective in improving health promotion knowledge, social support, and maternal role confidence and decreasing parenting stress among mothers with their firstborn infants. A method of delivering intervention, focused on readily accessible online platforms, coupled with intervention strategies grounded in the theory of self-efficacy, proves to be an advantageous approach for this particular target group.

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The Impact of Mothers’ Smartphone Use, eHealth Literacy, Maternal Role Performance Confidence, and Online Social Support on Health Promotion Behavior for Infants and Toddlers
Se-Young JUNG, So Yeon PARK
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A qualitative study on the oral health of mobile platform workers: focus on tooth brushing experience
Jae-In Ryu, Na-Yeon Tak
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2024; 48(2): 40. CrossRef

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Structural Equation Modeling of the Interaction between Mothers and Preschool-Age Children: Chai, Hyun-Yi , Choi, Mi-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):630-642. Published online October 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21096

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the interaction between mothers and preschool-age children and construct a structural equation model based on the factors identified.
Methods
The data were collected from the mothers of children aged three to six years enrolled in kindergartens in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, and Jeonbuk. A total of 328 questionnaires were used for the analysis. Analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 programs.
Results
The child’s self-regulation (β = .42, p < .001) had the most significant influence on the interaction between mothers and preschool children, followed by the mother’s parenting stress (β = - .23, p = .008), social support (β = .17, p < .001), and the child’s active temperament (β = .15, p < .001). The child’s gender, emotional temperament, social temperament, and mother’s education level had indirect influences.
Conclusion
These results suggest that interventions considering the child’s temperament, mother’s parenting stress, and social support are required to promote the interaction between preschool-age children and mothers.

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Following 4 months of social distancing during COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil did not change aspects of functioning in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities: A longitudinal study
Beatriz Helena Brugnaro, Gesica Fernandes, Fabiana Nascimento Vieira, Silvia Letícia Pavão, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities.2024; 28(3): 773. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Mothers’ Experiences of Caring for Children with Precocious Puberty: A Q-Methodological Approach: Lee, Hye Jin , You, Mi-Ae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):255-270. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.255

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study explored experiences of mothers caring for children with precocious puberty.
Methods
Q-methodology was used for analyzing individual subjectivity. Seventy Q-statements were selected and scored by 50 participants on an 11-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the PC QUANL program.
Results
The following eight types of care experiences of mothers of children with precocious puberty were identified: Type I-1: hypersensitive and best-result oriented, Type I-2: treatment burden, Type II-1: treatment-oriented, Type II-2: self-blame, Type III-1: accepting and compliant, Type III-2: treatment confused, Type IV-1: serious and engaged, and Type IV-2: naturalism- oriented.
Conclusion
These results can help develop specific education

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Mothers’ experiences of caring for their children with liver transplantation: From sorrow to new determination
Sooyoung Kim, Sook Jung Kang
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Perceptions and Treatment of Precocious Puberty: A Questionnaire Survey among Caregivers in South Korea
Soo Bo Shim, Ji Hyun Song, Hye Lim Lee, Chou-Chin Lan
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Investigation on the Correlation of Anxiety Degree with Family Atmosphere in Children with Precocious Puberty
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Adaptation to Motherhood in Central Asian-Korean Immigrants to Korea: A Grounded Theory Study: Su Hyun Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):677-689. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.677

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This qualitative study aimed to develop a substantive theory of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea.

Methods

Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted from July to September 2017, with 18 women who emigrated of Korean ethnicity from Central Asia to Korea, and took care of their baby for at least a year after their first delivery in Korea. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data from the transcriptions were analyzed through Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method, and data analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection.

Results

As a result of categorizing the interview data through the process of open coding, 10 categories, with 31 subcategories and 102 concepts were drawn, and “growth as a Central Asian-Korean mother in an unfamiliar, historical hometown” was found to be the core category of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea.

Conclusion

A characteristic of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea, drawn from this study, is that it differs according to the level of initiative to carry out interaction strategies, and the use of various supportive social resources. The findings indicate the need for Medicare eligibility adjustment for antenatal care, the extension of the visa renewal period during childbirth, the development of web- or mobile application-based educational programs in Russian language, and the establishment of integrated visiting healthcare services, community service resources, and policy support to enable these women to utilize various supportive social resources.

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Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2022; 33(6): 685. CrossRef
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A Structural Model for Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: Jung Ran Lee, Pok Ja Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):375-385. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.375

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment of breast cancer patients based on a literature review and Hess and Insel's chemotherapy-related cognitive change model.

Methods

The Participants consisted of 250 patients who were ≥19 years of age. The assessment tools included the Menopause Rating Scale, Symptom Experience Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Everyday Cognition, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.

Results

The modified model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were χ ²=423.18 (p<.001), χ ²/df=3.38, CFI=.91, NFI=.91, TLI=.89, SRMR=.05, RMSEA=.09, and AIC=515.18. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment was directly influenced by menopausal symptoms (β=.38, p=.002), depression and anxiety (β=.25, p=.002), and symptom experiences (β=.19, p=.012). These predictors explained 47.7% of the variance in chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety mediated the relations among menopausal symptoms, symptom experiences, and with chemotherapy related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety (β=-.51, p=.001), symptom experiences (β=-.27, p=.001), menopausal symptoms (β=-.22, p=.008), and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (β=-.15, p=.024) had direct effects on the quality of life and these variables explained 91.3%.

Conclusion

These results suggest that chemotherapy-related toxicity is highly associated with cognitive decline and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Depression and anxiety increased vulnerability to cognitive impairment after chemotherapy. Nursing intervention is needed to relieve chemotherapy-related toxicity and psychological factor as well as cognitive decline for quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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A Structural Equation Model for Happiness in Mothers with Young Children: Mijung Yeom, Soo Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):241-253. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.241

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop and test a model of the happiness of mothers with young children based on the stress-coping-adaptation model of Lazarus and Folkman.

Methods

The data collection period was from May to July 2016. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 210 mothers with children under 5 years of age living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon provinces. The exogenous variable was parenting stress, and the endogenous variables were parenting alliance, depression, optimism, ways of coping, and happiness. Data from 201 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling.

Results

The final modified model showed a reasonable fit to the data, and out of 25 paths, 13 were statistically significant. This model explained 78.4% of the variance in the happiness of mothers with young children and confirmed that depression, optimism, parenting alliance, and social support-focused coping have a direct effect on the subject's happiness. Parenting stress also influenced happiness through parenting alliance, depression, and optimism.

Conclusion

In order to bolster the happiness of mothers with young children, positive psychological interventions that can minimize psychological vulnerabilities, such as depression, and that can enhance their strengths, such as optimism, may serve as effective ways of coping with and adapting to stress.

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Review Article

Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacologic Interventions in Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Pok-Ja Oh, You Lim Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):123-142. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.123

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic interventions in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, and several Korean databases (Until August 2017) were searched. The main search strategy combined terms for peripheral neuropathy and presence of neoplasms. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool for randomized studies and the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non-randomized studies. To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed using the Rev Man 5.3 program of the Cochrane Library random-effects models were used in the analyses.

Results

Twenty-two studies with a total of 954 participants met the inclusion criteria. Of the 22 studies, 12 were used to estimate the effect size of the non-pharmacologic interventions. The non-pharmacologic interventions used in patients with CIPN were exercise, acupuncture, massage, and foot bath. The acupuncture significantly reduced CIPN symptoms and signs (d=-0.71) and CIPN pain (d=-0.73) (p<.001). Massage and foot bath were also effective in reducing CIPN symptoms (d=-0.68; 95% CI=-1.05, -0.30; p<.001; I²=19%).Exercis-es were effective in improving muscle strength and endurance(d=-0.55) and quality of life (d=-2.96), but they were not significantly effective in improving CIPN.

Conclusion

Although these results provide little evidence of the effectiveness of acupuncture, massage, and foot bath in the treatment of CIPN, they suggest that these interventions can reduce CIPN symptoms in patients with cancer. However, the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution as there is a relative lack of data in this field, and additional well-designed studies are needed. PROSPERO registration: CRD42017076278.

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Original Articles

Development of an Instrument to Assess the Quality of Childbirth Care from the Mother's Perspective: Geum Hee Jeong, Hyun Kyoung Kim, Young Hee Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Sun Hee Lee, Kyung Won Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):38-49. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.38

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop an instrument to assess the quality of childbirth care from the perspective of a mother after delivery.

Methods

The instrument was developed from a literature review, interviews, and item validation. Thirty-eight items were compiled for the instrument. The data for validity and reliability testing were collected using a questionnaire survey conducted on 270 women who had undergone normal vaginal delivery in Korea and analyzed with descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability coefficients.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis reduced the number of items in the instrument to 28 items that were factored into four subscales: family-centered care, personal care, emotional empowerment, and information provision. With respect to convergence validation, there was positive correlation between this instrument and birth satisfaction scale (r=.34, p<.001). The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha =.96).

Conclusion

This instrument could be used as a measure of the quality of nursing care for women who have a normal vaginal delivery.

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A Study on Self-esteem, Coping Type and the Quality of Life in Mothers of Handicapped Children: Mi Kyung Sim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(3):673-682. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.3.673

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and quality of life(QOL) and between coping type and quality of life (QOL) in mothers of handicapped children and further to identify the level of self-esteem and quality of life of the subjects. The subjects of this study were the 51 mothers of handicapped children who were registered in two special schools in Taejon. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the period of the data collection was from April 18th to May 26th, 1997. The instruments for this study were Resenberg's self-esteem scale, Folkman and Lazarus's Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) and the quality of life scale designed by Ro, You Ja. The results were analyzed using SPSS/PC+. Data analysis included the descriptive correlational statistics of ANOVA, Pearson Correlational Coefficient, and t-test. The results are as follows : 1. The level of self-esteem showed a mean score 34.51 and the level of QOL, a mean score 137.55. An Active type of coping was used more often than a passive one. 2. The level of self-esteem differed according to monthly income and was significantly higher in mothers of children with acquired handicaps than those of children with congenital handicaps. The level of QOL differed according to monthly income. 3. There was positive correlation between health status and self-esteem(r=.355, p<.05), and between health status and QOL(r=.367, p<.01). 4. Test for hypothesis ; Hypothesis 1, "The higher the level of self-esteem in mothers of handicapped children, the higher their level of quality of life will be." was supported(r=.755, p<.001). Hypothesis 2, "The QOL level for the active coping group as compared to the passive coping group will be higher." was not supported.

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An Effect of Self: Care Education and Level of Resourcefulness on Active Coping in Patients with Chemotherapy: Soon Rim Suh; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(3):639-647. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.3.639

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The purpose of this study was to identify how internal and external coping resources influenced active coping in the process of stress-coping. The model was established theoretically by comparing and integrating the following theories : Stress-Coping, Self-Care, and Resourcefulness. The subjects consisted of sixty eight patients undergoing chemotherapy(experimental group 34, control group 34) at two general hospitals from January to July, 1995, The results were as follows : After self-care education, the active coping score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The active coping score of the high resourcefulness group was significantly higher than that of the low resourcefulness group. The interaction effect between self-care education and resourcfulness was not significant statistically. Specifically as to such scores of seeking social support, problem-oriented strategy and self care behavior, there were significantly higher in the experimental group and high resourcefulness group than in each of the other groups. Considering them both, self-care education and resourcefulness are effective nursing strategies to promote active coping including self-care. Consequently, the synthesis and testing of theories of stress-coping, self-care, and resoucefulness in this study are mostly proven to enhance the explanation and prediction of the change of active coping including self-care. Therefore the result of this study will contribute in the development of practice theory of nursing. A further study is necessary to reevaluate the interaction effect between self-care education and resourcefulness and to identify the difference between resourcefulness and self-efficacy.

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Effects of Self-Efficacy Promotion Program on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Behavior, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy
Hea-Kyoung Ko, Geum Ja Park
Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2011; 11(2): 136. CrossRef

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Effects of a Social Support Group on Burden and Well-being of Mothers of Developmentally Delayed Children: Ka Sil Oh; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):389-400. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.389

Abstract PDF

This study examined the effects of group social support on the reduction of burden and increase in well-being of mothers of developmentally delayed children. The research used a one group pre-post experimental design. The independent variable in the experiment was group social support. Two series of 4-weekly meetings for group social support were conducted by the researcher with the intention of developing a self-help group. The dependent variables were burden and well-being. Well-being was operationalized as physical symptoms and quality of life. Thirty mothers of developmentally delayed infants from the rehabilitation center of a medical center participated in the study. Data were collected by interview and a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of the subjects was 29.9 years. Changes of the dependent variables between pre and post tests were compared using the t-test. Even though there was a slight improvement in the scores for the dependent variables, they were not statistically significant. The items, "I resent my baby", "I feel angry about my interactions with my baby", "I feel guilty in my relationship with my baby" showed a significant decrease in burden score and were statistically significant. Symptoms of loneliness, constipation, anxiety, restlessness were less and feeling of happiness was greater after participation in the group social support, than on the pretest. The mothers showed emotional instability and frustrations during the group sessions but their reactions in general were positive. Emotional support, stress management and information provided were identified as the most valuable content of the sessions. However, participation was not active due to the mother's denial, delayed acceptance and/or avoidance of their infants' problems. It can be seen that group social support for the mothers with developmentally delayed children should be provided after infancy when the mothers have time to accept their children's conditions and are ready to receive support. The use of comprehensive instruments which measure burden in both families and mothers needs to be developed for future research.

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Effects of a Sociodrama-based Communication Enhancement Program on Mothers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Pilot Study
Sun Joo Jang, Jong-Sook Han, Myoung Hee Bang, Jung-Won Ahn
Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(2): 114. CrossRef

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Experimental Study for Construction of Mouth Care in Chemotherpy Patients: Young Soon Byun, Ae Kyung Kim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):428-442. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.428

Abstract PDF

Stomatitis is a common toxicity associated with the administration of certain cancer chemoth-erapeutic agents used in the treatment of malignant tumors. It represents one of the most distressing side effects of cancer chemotherapy and can interfere with the patient's ability to eat, be the cause of much pain and discomfort, and require the use of potent analgesics. The situation also creates favorable conditions for local infection which may lead to septicemia. Several authors have identified the need to estabilish protocols for the control and treatment of the oral discomfort associated with oral mucositis as a result of chemotherapy. Thus this study attempted to development of oral care protocol for chemotherapy patients. The effects of the mouth care using sterile normal saline, nystatine solution on oral stomatitis were investigated in 30 patients on chemotherapy. The subject were devided into three groups; control group: not gargling experimental group A: normal saline gargling (4 times a day) experimental group B: nystatine solution gar-gling(4 times a day) The Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) was used to assess oral status three times (once in the prechemotherapy period, on 5th, 10th day of post chemotherapy) Oral culture was used to assess oral infection on 5th day of postchemotherapy. Data was analyzed on SAS program which used repeated ANOVA, t-test, X2 test. The results are as follows; 1. The incidence of stomatitis was higher in the control group and experimental group A than in experimental group B. (X2=0.002 P=0.001) 2. The grade of stomatitis (mean of total score) for patients in the experimental group B were significantly lower than in the experimental group A (F=1.96 P=0.0024). 3. In incidence of tougue change, control group, experimental group B were significantly higher than experimental group B(F=6.84 P=0.0039). 4. In control group and experimental group A, oral infection due to pathogenic bacteria were identified. In conclusion, mouth care with nystatine solution four times a day could reduce the incidence of stomatitis and secondary oral infection due to stomatitis. Thus active mouth care protocol which used to nystatine solution gargling need to prevention of stomatitis in chemotherapy patients.

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Effects of Frozen Gauze with Normal Saline on Thirst and Oral Health of the Patients with Nasal Surgery
Jin Ock Park, Young Soon Jung, Geum Ja Park
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(1): 25. CrossRef
The Effect of Education and Communication for Self-Oral Care in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Joung Hee Cheon,, Hye-Ran Lee
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Chi Eun Song, Hyang Sook So, Deok Ju, Eun Jeong Kim
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The Effect of Infant Massage on Mother-Infant Play Interaction: So Young Choi, Young Hae Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(6):823-831. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.6.823

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study is attempts to clarify the effect of infant massage for the promotion of primipara's mother-infant interaction METHOD: The term for collecting data for experimental group ranged from April 25, 2001 to June 5, 2001. The infants for this group were sampled among normal mother-infant from one postpartum care center located in J city. The term for collecting data for control group ranged from June 10, 2001 to August 3, 2001. The infants for this group were sampled among normal mothers infant from 1 general hospital, 1 university hospital and 1 postpartum care center located in J city. The experiment was implemented giving primipara education about massage based on protocol for infant massage provided by Johnson and Johnson Korea and they received 10 days of education, 10 minutes a day (from 10 to 11 a.m) In the post test, we videotaped both the control group and the experimental group visiting their homes 4 weeks after delivery to observe mother-infant play interaction. Data analysis was done using SAS and the homogeneity between general properties owned by both control group and experimental group and mother's perception scale for children was verified through x2-test. Mother-infant play interaction with both control group and experimental group was analyzed through t-test in the experiment. And analysis of mother-infant interaction points based on general properties was made using ANOVA and t-test. RESULT: Hypothesis that mother-infant play interaction with primipara who gave her infant a massage will be more active than that of the primipara who didn't was verified (t=-4.27, p=.0001). And the points in each item, points in each item were estimated as follows. Mother behavioral items (t=-4.96, p=.0001), infant behavioral item (t=-0.36, p=.71), mother-infant interaction reciprocity (t=-2.64, p=.01). CONCLUSION: An infant massage program can contribute to promoting the Mother-Infant Play Interaction positively.

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Integrative Review of Nursing Intervention Studies on Mother-Infant Interactions.
Sun Jung Park, Shin Jeong Kim, Kyung Ah Kang
Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 75. CrossRef
The Effects of Infant Massage on Teacher-infant Interaction and Nursery Adaptation of Infants
Mi Na Lee
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2013; 24(3): 381. CrossRef
Effects of Paters' Duola Touch during Labor on the Paternal Attachment and Role Confidence to Neonate and Couple Attachment
Myung Sook Choi, Gum Jung Kim
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Effects of an Educational Program of Pregnancy and Delivery on Pregnancy related Knowledge, Newborn Care Knowledge, and Postpartum Care Self-efficacy of Marriage Immigrant Women
Eun Hee Kim, Eunjoo Lee, Mi-Jo Kim, Dong Young Park, Sung Hee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(1): 78. CrossRef

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The Trajectory of Fatigue and Quality of Life in Stomach Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: Young Hee Yang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(4):482-491. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.4.482

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the change patterns of fatigue and quality of life during consecutive chemotherapies and to determine the relationship of these two variables. METHOD: Stomach cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were recruited from a university hospital in Seoul. Each chemotherapy, subjects were asked to respond to the questionnaires regarding their fatigue and quality of life. The number of subjects who completed 4 cycles and over was 11. Fatigue was measured with Lee's tool(1999). Quality of life was measured with a tool revised by the author based on Padilla et al(1983). RESULT: Most patients were in 1st stage(5 patients) or 3rd stage(5 patients). Fatigue was revealed at its highest level in the 3rd or 4th chemotherapy and at its lowest level in the 1st or 6th chemotherapy. A quality of life appeared at its highest level in the 5th or 6th chemotherapy and the lowest level in 3rd or 4th chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Among 6 cycles of chemotherapy, in 3-4th chemotherapy the fatigue was the highest and the quality of life were the lowest. Many patients decided to stop treatment at the same period. Therefore we can recognize cancer patients receiving chemo- therapy are in the highest risk at the time of the 3-4 th chemotherapy.

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Vinayak Dev, Nathan S Consedine, Lisa M Reynolds
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Are coping styles better predictors of quality of life amongst patients undergoing chemotherapy than psychological distress?
Vinayak Dev, Nathan S. Consedine, Lisa M. Reynolds
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A Longitudinal Path Analysis of Symptom, Fatigue and Quality of life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer during Chemotherapy
Eun Hee Kim, Soon Rim Suh
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Young Sil Kang, In Soo Kwon, Eunyoung Hong
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Factors affecting the Fatigue of Hospitalized Women Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Kyunghee Kim, MyoSuk Lee, Yeunhee Kwak, Ji-Su Kim
Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(3): 182. CrossRef
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YoungMin Seo, HyunSoo Oh, WhaSook Seo
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Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Patients with Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
Eun Ok Lee, Aeyong Eom, Rhayun Song, Young Ran Chae, Paul Lam
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(5): 649. CrossRef

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The Nutritional Status of the Patients with Cancer during the Chemotherapies: Young Hee Yang, Sung Joon Kwon, Chang Imc Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(6):978-987. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.6.978

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the changing patterns of nausea, vomiting, anorexia and calorie intake. To examine the influence of those variables on the nutritional status of the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
METHOD
To assess nutritional status, anthropometry and blood test were performed on 94 stomach cancer patients receiving postoperational chemotherapy on the daily basis. NVA and calorie intake were measured during chemotherapy.
RESULT
93% of subjects had low level of hemoglobin and 45.7% was below the lymphocyte count. 57% of subjects lost 10% of usual weight. The value of anthropometry was reduced but the difference between pre- and post-chemotherapy did not reach any statistical significance. 27% of subjects was grouped into the malnutritional state. During chemotherapy, the higher the degree of NVA, the less calorie intake. The significant predictors for nutritional status were nausea and calorie intake.
CONCLUSION
The chemotherapy affected the food intake of cancer patients through NVA. Though the influence of chemotherapy on anthropopmetry was not significant in this research, nausea and food intake were the most affecting factors for nutrition of cancer patients. Therefore we need to assess nutritional status and support for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and to develop an intervention for improvement of symptoms and food intake.

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Knowledge of and Compliance with Neutropenic Diet in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy undergoing Chemotherapy
Ok Kyung Jeon, Yeon Hee Lee, Myung Hee Kim
Asian Oncology Nursing.2018; 18(2): 75. CrossRef
Trends in Nursing Research on Cancer Patients Nutrition in Korea
Su-Ol Kim
Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(1): 1. CrossRef
Effects of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Ethanol Extracts of Different Aerial Parts on Antioxidant Activity and Antiproliferation of Human Cancer Cells
Hwan Lee, Yeon-Kyoung Kim, Hyun-Joo Lee, Jae-Joon Lee
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2016; 27(2): 211. CrossRef
Hindlimb Muscle Atrophy Occurs From Short-Term Undernutrition in Rats
Jee Yoon Kim
Biological Research For Nursing.2013; 15(4): 459. CrossRef
Pre- and Post-Transplant Nutritional Assessment in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Mi Young Park, Jeong Yun Park
Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(1): 110. CrossRef
Nutritional Intake and Nutritional Status by the Type of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
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Kyoung Soon Park, Byung Hwa Lee, Ho Ran Park
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Analysis of the Factors Relating Nutritional Status in Discharging of Leukemia Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Eunjin So, Jeeyeon Kim, Sujin Jung, Sook Park
The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(1): 26. CrossRef
Adequacy of Nutritional Support and Reasons for Underfeeding in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit Patients
Hwasoon Kim, Jeong Ae Shin, Jae Youn Shin, Ok Min Cho
Asian Nursing Research.2010; 4(2): 102. CrossRef

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The Study on the Development and Effectiveness of Parent Role Education Program: Kyung Ja Han, Kyung Sook Bang, Mi Kyung Kwon, Jung Soo Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(3):417-431. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.3.417

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the maternal role education program for primiparas in mother-infant interaction, childrearing environ- ment, and infant development. METHOD: A Non-equivalent control group time-series design was used. For the intervention group, programmed parenting education focusing on mother-infant interaction, home environment for infant development, and parent counseling and support was provided via home visits or telephone for twelve months.
RESULT
Significant differences were found in the mother-infant interaction feeding scale at one and three months, but no differences were found in the teaching scale at six and twelve months between the intervention and control groups. Also, the difference in childrearing environment (HOME) between the two groups was significant at three, six, twelve months. In addition, the intervention group showed higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale at three and six months. In multiple regression analysis, 22.6% to 43.6% of infant development was explained by HOME, mother-infant interaction, and previous development. CONCLUSION: The maternal role education program proved to be effective in promoting mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering infant development.

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Effects of an Early Nursing Intervention Program for Infants' Development and Mother's Child Rearing in Poverty
Kyung-Sook Bang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 796. CrossRef

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Experience of Mothers with Babies by in Vitro Fertilization: Myung Sun Yi, So Woo Lee, Myoung Ae Choe, Keum Soon Kim, Yun Mi Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(1):55-67. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.1.55

Abstract PDF

A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of mothers pregnant via in vitro fertilization (IVF). Sample of nine mothers participated. Ten theme clusters emerged when the formulated meanings were organized into categories. During the infertility period, the participants were subject to self- depreciation, envy, anxiety, and depression. It changed their priorities in life from a job-oriented life to one where having a baby was the most important thing. After trying numerous alternative therapies, IVF became their last hope in having a baby. Since the success rate for IVF is low (only 20-30%), the participants for the treatment were overwhelmed with uncertainty, and it led to further anxiety, depression and despair. Success of pregnancy gave them extreme satisfaction, but they became very cautious in their day-to-day life because of their fear of abortion and early delivery. Some were even worried about the side effect of IVF during the pregnancy. Finally, the delivery of the baby gave them relief from the obligation of having a baby. Women did not have any difficulties in rearing a "test tube baby" except in the case of twins. Most women had no ethical difficulty in having a baby by IVF. However they did not wish this information to be revealed to other people. They again turned to IVF to have a son(s) when the resultory child(s) was a daughter(s). This is because of the strong preference for sons in Korean society.

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Development of an Uncertainty Scale for Infertile Women
Miok Kim, Sue Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 370. CrossRef

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An Effect of the Mother-Child Attachment Promotion Program for the Child with Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Sook Bin Im; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1133-1144. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1133

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the program for the autistic children which was designed to promote mother-child attachment. The subjects of this study were consisted of 11 pairs of mother and child( 7 for participant group:PG, 4 for non-participant group: NPG), who were diagnosed as Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The intervention was consisted with play activity centered mother-child interaction, educational activity for mothers, lecture, video-feedback, and supports. The main data were collected by video-taping and analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sign Test, and Content Analysis. The results obtained were as follows, 1. Before the program, there were no significant group differences on the children's and the mother's characteristics. After the program, total score on the attachment of PG was higher than that of NPG, but not significant. Only proximity-seeking behaviors and contact-maintaining behaviors were higher significantly(p<.05). Then the characteristics on contact- maintaining behaviors of PG were lasting longer and reciprocal than those of NPG. 2. After the program, the score on mother's nurturing behavior of PG was significantly more increased. The mother's behaviors to her child of PG became more child- centered, positively responsive, expressive supportively. But there were pretty big individual difference. It can be concluded that Mother-child Attachment Promotion Program is effective. Thus it can be recommended to be a early intervention model for autistic children.

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Model Structure for Mother-Child Relationship for Korean Infants and Toddlers and Their Mothers
Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(3): 268. CrossRef
Promoting mother–infant interaction and infant mental health in low‐income Korean families: Attachment‐based cognitive behavioral approach
Gyungjoo Lee, Linda McCreary, Bonnie Breitmayer, Mi Ja Kim, Soo Yang
Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing.2013; 18(4): 265. CrossRef
Effects of an Infant/Toddler Health Program on Parenting Knowledge, Behavior, Confidence, and Home Environment in Low-income Mothers
Gyungjoo Lee, Soo Yang, Mi Heui Jang, Mijung Yeom
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(5): 671. CrossRef

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The Educational Needs of a Mother when Nurturing Children: Kyung Hee Yoo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(4):905-916. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.4.905

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational needs of a mother when nurturing children from neonates to the schoolage. A total of 657 subjects responded to the survey about the level of educational needs when nurturing children. The subjects of the study constituted of 401 mothers who visited the health center for immunization and 256 mothers who visited the pediatric outpatient department or whose children were hospitalized in pediatrics. This instrument had 64 items about nurturing children from neonates to the schoolage and one item had a score range of one to four. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 9.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics. The results were as follows. 1) Mothers who had the neonates represented the highest educational needs about parental-neonates attachments with 3.47 of mean score compared to neonatal convulsion(3.44), management of common colds(3.44), nutrition(3.44), fever control (3.42). 2) Mothers who had infancy represented the highest educational needs about management of common colds with 3.34 of mean score compared to psychosocial developments (3.23), management of foreign bodies (3.22), feeding the food(3.19), playing with the infant(3.16). 3) Mothers who had toddlers represented the highest educational needs about psychosocial developments with 3.35 of mean score compared to discipline for children(3.34), management of teeth (3.29), management of common colds (3.21), management of accidents(3.20). 4) Mothers who had the a child in preschool represented the highest educational needs about psychosocial developments with 3.53 of mean score compared to management of accidents(3.23), discipline for children (3.00). 5) Mothers who had the child in secondary school represented the highest educational needs about psychosocial developments with 3.42 of mean score compared to management of teeth(3.13), management of accidents (3.05).

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Quality Evaluation of Online Health Information Related to Young Child
Hyun-Mi Son, Minji Je, Young-Sil Sohn
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 91. CrossRef
Effects of an Early Nursing Intervention Program for Infants' Development and Mother's Child Rearing in Poverty
Kyung-Sook Bang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 796. CrossRef

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The Relationship of Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting, Oral Intake and Nutritional Status in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: Young Hee Yang, Dong Sun Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):720-730. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.720

Abstract PDF

Malnutrition is a common problem in cancer patients. In addition anticancer drugs used in chemotherapy as a major therapeutic mode are famous as the side effect like nausea, vomiting, which lead the patients to malnourished state. This study was to determine the relationship of anorexia, nausea, vomiting and oral intake and identify the influence these side effects on the nutritional status in patients receiving chemotherapy. To assess the nutritional status, anthropometry such as weight, height, body mass index(BMI), body fat proportion, and triceps skinfold thickness, and biochemistry test such as hemoglobin and lymphocyte were measured at the pre- and post- chemotherapy and the readmission time, all three times. During chemotherapy, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting using a VAS or 5-point scale and 24 hour oral intake using a food record were measured daily. Forty-nine patients knowing their diagnosis and receiving chemotherapy were recruited from an oncological ward in a general hospital for 5 months and they were reduced 31 at readmission time for a next chemotherapy. The results were as follows. Most subjects (93.6%) were in the 4th stage of cancer and 57.1% of subjects were in the first or the second chemotherapy. In most subjects(82.6%), their weight was decreased 10.7% than as usual. The degree of anorexia, nausea, and vomiting was significantly higher and the amount of oral intake was significantly less during the chemotherapy than at the pre-chemotherapy. Weight, BMI, triceps skinfold were reduced more at the post- chemotherapy than the pre-chemotherapy and were recovered the nearly same but less level at the readmission time. Body fat proportion was increased at the post chemotherapy and then decreased at the readmission phase. Hemoglobin and the number of lymphocyte were below normal at the pre-chemotherapy and more reduced at the readmission time. Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting were related positively and oral intake was negatively related with nausea and vomiting. The nutritional status at the post- chemotherapy and the readmission time was explained 20% over by the side effect like anorexia, nausea, vomiting and oral intake during the chemotherapy. The significant nutrition predictors at the post- chemotherapy were vomiting and the significant predictors at the readmission time were anorexia, vomiting, and oral intake. These results indicated the patients receiving chemotherapy were continued to deteriorate the nutritional status. Therefore nurse should have knowledge how much the nutritional status can be affected and assess the nutritional status periodically and try to find out the intervention for side effects from the series of chemotherapies.

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Kae-Hwa Jo, Ki-Wol Sung, Ardith Z Doorenbos, Elizabeth Hong, Tessa Rue, Amy Coenen
International Journal of Palliative Nursing.2011; 17(8): 392. CrossRef
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Kyoung Soon Park, Byung Hwa Lee, Ho Ran Park
Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2010; 10(2): 119. CrossRef
Analysis of the Factors Relating Nutritional Status in Discharging of Leukemia Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Eunjin So, Jeeyeon Kim, Sujin Jung, Sook Park
The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(1): 26. CrossRef
A Survey of Cancer Patients Who Visited Emergency Room
Sun-Ae Yang, Ok-Hee Cho, Yang-Sook Yoo
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2009; 12(4): 228. CrossRef

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Effects of the Nursing Intervention on Mother-Infant Interaction: Mi Ye Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1355-1364. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1355

Abstract PDF: Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. In this study, nursing intervention to increase maternal sensitivity to the infant's cues was applied to 25 primiparas (Experimental Group). Mother and infant interacations of these primiparas were compared with those of 25 primiparas (Control Group) who did not receive the nursing intervention. Fifty primiparas and infants were recruited from a university hospital, a general hospital, and an OBGY clinic located in Taegu city. Mother and infant interactions were assessed at 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Feeding situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. Data were collected from March 23rd to July 27th of 1998. Mother and infant interactions during feeding were assessed by the response rating scale which was modified by the author based on NCAST feeding scale (Barnard, 1978a) and AMIS scale (Price, 1983). The validity of the modified rating scale was verified by faculty members and researchers who previously had research experience in the area. Cronbach's Alpha of the modified scale for this study was .90. The data was analyzed by SAS program, using wilcoxon rank sums test, chi square test, Fisher's exact test, and ANOVA. Findings were as follows: 1. Mothers in the experimental group were more likely to have higher scores in mother and infant interactions during feeding than mothers in the control group. 2. Mothers in the experimental group showed better sensitivity to infant's signals or cues, provided growth fostering, and had higher responsibility to the infant's distress than mothers in the control group. 3. Infants in the experimental group showed higher clarity of cues and responsibility to the mother's behaviors than infants in the control group. 4. Mothers and infants in the experimental group showed higher synchronic responses than mothers and infants in the control group. In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention promoted mother and infant interaction among primiparas. Therefore, this study suggests that the nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the infant's cues should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial to the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.

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The Degree of ZMother's Accident Prevention Practices for Their Children: Shin Jeong Kim, Hwan Seok Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(3):656-664. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.3.656

Abstract PDF

Accidents are the leading cause of death in children worldwide. The purpose of this study is to use basic data of safety education, counseling, and information available regarding accident prevention to examine the degree of mother's accident prevention practices for their children. Data were collected from June to October, 1998 from 587 mothers including 2 University hospitals located in Seoul and KyoungKi-Do. By using the 30 item questionnaire, which was created by researchers through literature review, the degree of mothers' accident prevention practices for their children was measured. The degree of accident prevention practices of mothers shown ranged 70-118 and averaged 3.19. Compared to the composit area average score, drug keeping had the highest score of 3.57. The next highest scores and traffic safety(3.41), and super vision of child(3.30). Prevention against burning was the lowest point at 2.58. With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in the mothers' education(F=4.291, p=.014), type of residence(F=3.979, p=.008), and child developmental age(F=5.275, p=.001). The degree of accident prevention practices of mothers were relatively high. But the area which showed the low degree of accident prevention practices, required nurses' active education, counseling, social interest and support, and mass media participation.

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Development and Evaluation of a Safety Education Program for Injury Prevention in Elementary School Students
Shin-Jeong Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 20. CrossRef

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Maternal Perception of the Newborn and Confidence and Gratification of Mothering Role: Hyun Young Koo, Young Im Moon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(4):920-930. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.4.920

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to evaluate maternal perception of the newborn, confidence and gratification of mothering role, and contribute to maternal nursing and neonatal nursing. The questionnaire, maternal perception of the newborn(I) was completed by 47 mothers at three hospitals in the Kyoung-In area during the first to third day after birth. the questionnaire, maternal perception of the newborn(II), confidence and gratification of mothering role were completed at fourth to sixth week after birth. the data were analyzed by a SPSS program. The results were as follows; 1) The means of perception of the newborn(I) and (II) were 2.28+/-4.81 and 3.83+/-4.84. The means of confidence and gratification of mothering role were 40.38+/-5.51 and 39.30+/-6.70. 2) Half of the mothers(48.9%) rated their newborn as better than average newborn at first to third day after birth, and 74.5% of mothers did at fourth to sixth week after birth. 3) The score of maternal perception of the newborn(I) was significantly correlated with the score of confidence and gratification of mothering role. The score of maternal perception of the newborn(II) was correlated with the score of confidence and gratification of mothering role. The score of confidence and gratification of mothering role was related. 4) Maternal gratification of mothering role was significantly different by maternal perception of the newborn(I), and maternal confidence was different by maternal perception of the newborn(II). 5) Mothers who had religions and who wanted the pregnancy had higher perception of the new-born(I) than those who did not. Mothers whose newborn(II) than those whose newborns were girls. Mothers who wanted the pregnancy had higher confidence of mothering role than those who did not. Mothers who planed cow's milk had lower gratification of mothering role than those who did not. The above findings indicate that mothers who have a different level of perception of the newborn, confidence and gratification of mothering role. Therefore, it is important maternal perception of the newborn, confidence and gratification of mothering role were precisely evaluated, and nursing intervention for improving perception of the newborn should be provided of for mothers.

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Effects of contrasting approaches to the response-contingent learning of young children with significant developmental delays on parents’ social-affective behavior
Carl J. Dunst, Melinda Raab, Deborah W. Hamby
International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictors of maternal sensitivity during the early postpartum period
Hyunjeong Shin, Young‐Joo Park, Mi Ja Kim
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006; 55(4): 425. CrossRef

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Caring Experience of Mothers with IDDM Children: Mi Hye Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):81-92. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.81

Abstract PDF

This study is to define the caring experience of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus children, by finding core category, contextual factors, intervening factors, and the patterns of caring, and to develop a practice theory on it. Research method followed grounded theory methodology by Strauss and Corbin. Subjects were six mothers, whose children have had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 4 months to 14 years by the interview time. They were selected by theoretical sampling. Data were collected from September, 1995 to January, 1996. Interview were done by long interview took 50 minutes to 2 hours. Content of interview was recorded and transcribed later. Based on the results of previous interview, content of next interview was planned until data reached to the saturation point. Results were as follows : One hundred and forty concepts were found. These concepts were grouped into thirty-three categories, and then to ten categories. Mothers with diabetic child were revealed to face "being overwhelmed by burden". Overwhelming by burden is found to be progressed through the cycle production-coping-decrease or in crease process. Mothers showed four patterns of adaptation in caring the diabetic children. 1) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring and unsympathizing but they had sufficient support, no condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was positive, most of them overcome with strong will, but some fell into burnout. 2) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring, unsympathizing, insufficient support, serious condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was negative, they fell into burnout by coping with feeling. 3) In mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and sympathizing, sufficient support, no serious condition of the child, but their coping was negative, most of them fell into burnout by coping with feeling, but some overcome. 4) If mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and unsympathizing, sufficient support, no serious condition of the child, and their coping was positive, they overcome with strong will. On the basis of the above result, in order to help mothers take good care of their children, nursing assesment and intervention on life readjustment, and getting support should be required. Especially, through understanding mothers' personalities, individual support consistent with each of them should be required. Therefore education, counseling, mutual support and exchange of information will have to be accomplished.

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Role Adaptation Processes of Family Caregivers with Patients Transferred from Intensive Care Unit to General Ward: Becoming almost a Nurse with Hope and Fear
Heui-Kyeong Kwon, Misoon Song
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(6): 603. CrossRef

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A Study of the Caregiving Burden on Grandmothers Who Raise Their Grandchildren: A Phenomenological Research: Moonjeong Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(6):914-923. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.914

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This qualitative study aimed to identify the common, lived experiences of grandmothers who cared for their grandchildren as the primary caregivers. METHODS: This study was based on the phenomenological method described by Colaizzi (1978). RESULTS: Seven theme clusters emerged from the data as follows: "grandmother caregivers accept the parenting role of the incessant responsibilities and the distrust of non-kin caregivers.", "grandmother caregivers have a double maternal roles; an instrument-oriented maternal role to their own child and relationship-oriented maternal role to their grandchild.", "grandmother caregivers are partially authorized to make decisions in the matters of their grandchild.", "grandmother caregivers suffer a deterioration in their health by an acceleration of the aging process.", "caregiving causes grandmother caregivers to feel a sense of social isolation, and persue various coping strategies to control this feeling.", "grandmother caregivers have a greater feeling of self-esteem, but they often conflict with their adult children if they don't feel appreciated by them.", "grandmother caregivers have limited social support and their health issues are often overlooked in the family context." CONCLUSION: The results of this study can guide nurses and health care workers to understand the experiences of grandmother caregivers and to implement individualized nursing interventions suited for them.

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Aely Park
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Yoon Joo Cho
Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2016; 25(5): 559. CrossRef
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Jang Yong Jin, Tae-Hee Kim
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Ae Ree Kwak, Jin Sun Kim
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Providing and Utilizing Child Care by Grandmothers in South Korea : Grandmothers' and Employed Mothers' Relationship Experiences
Jaerim Lee
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Grandmother's Life Satisfaction and Influencing Factors by Grandparenting
Chae Weon Chung, Moon Jeong Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(3): 288. CrossRef
Structural Equation Modeling on Personal Satisfaction with Life in Grandmothers Parenting Grandchildren
Moon Jeong Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(3): 231. CrossRef
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Sung Ye Kang
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Effects of Telephone Intervention as Supportive Nursing on Self-Care Practices and Qualify of Life for Gynecological Cancer Patients under Chemotherapy: Ae Sook Kim, Eun Sook Lee, Sung Hyo Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):744-753. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.744

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The effects of telephone intervention on self-care practices and quality of life for gynecological cancer patients under chemotherapy was investigated.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were women cancer patients who had received less than two chemotherapy sessions at C university hospital of Chonnam province(26 in the experimental group: 25 in the control group). The patient's self-care practices(Na & Lee, 1999; Jang, 2004) and quality of life(Lee & Jo, 1997) were measured three times. using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Repeated Measures ANOVA, the Friedman test, and the Mann-Whitney test using the SPSS window version 12.0 program.

Results

This study showed that the score of self-care practices and quality of life for the experimental group under telephone counseling were higher than those of the control group.

Conclusion

This study revealed that a telephone intervention as supportive nursing care for women cancer patients under going chemotherapy was effective for self-care practices and qualify of life during the recovery period. Futhermore, this study also suggests that telephone counseling can serve as a continuing nursing supportive intervention for women cancer patients for the upcoming stages of further chemotherapy.

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Effects of Telephone-based Self-care Intervention for Gynecologic Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study
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Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2018; 35(2): 73. CrossRef
Effects of Individualized Nutritional Education Programs on the Level of Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Palliative Chemotherapy
Kwi Ock Park, Smi Choi-Kwon
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Haejung Lee, Yeonjung Lim, Myung-Sook Yoo, Yongsuk Kim
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Ji Hyun Sung, Min Young Kim, Ok Hee Hwang, Han Jin Yoo, Eun Ja Lee
Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2010; 10(2): 218. CrossRef

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The Effects of Infant Massage on Weight, Height, and Mother-Infant Interaction: Hae Kyung Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(8):1331-1339. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.8.1331

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of infant massage (auditory (mother's voice), tactile/kinesthetic (massage) and visual (eye to eye contact) stimulation) on weight and height of infant and mother-infant interaction with normal infants over a period of 4 weeks.

Method

This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group infants (aged 2-6 months) participated in one of the infant massage programs at the health district center for 4 weeks. The control group (N=26) was paired with the experimental group (N=26) by matching the infant's age and sex. Infant weight, height, and mother-infant interaction were measured two times and recordings of the mother-infant interaction were done using the video equipment in a room at the health center for 10 minutes.

Results

After 4 weeks of massage, there were no significant differences weight gain and height increase between the two groups. Comparison of the total scores for the mother-infant interaction between the two groups showed a significant difference (t=5.21, p=.000). There were also significant differences on maternal response (t=3.78, p=000), infant response (t=5.71, p=000) and dyadic response (t=4.05, p=000) in the mother-infant interaction between the two groups.

Conclusion

Overall, the results of this study reassure that infant massage facilitates the mother-infant interaction for infants and mothers who give massage to their baby.

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Kevser ÖZDEMİR, Yasemin BAŞKAYA, Azime İDARE
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Somayeh Mousavi, Shahnaz Rostami, Hamid Haghani, Leili Borimnejad
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Alessio Porreca, Micol Parolin, Giusy Bozza, Susanna Freato, Alessandra Simonelli
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Knowledge and Learning Needs Related to Cancer Treatment in Gynecological Cancer Patients: Mi Sook Seo, Euy Soon Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(6):942-949. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.6.942

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to investigate the knowledge and learning needs of chemotherapy in gynecological cancer patients.

Method

The subjects consisted of 103 gynecological cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from April 2005 to August 2005. Data was collected using a questionnaire about knowledge and learning needs of chemotherapy. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SAS.

Result

Average scores of knowledge and learning needs of general treatment and care were 2.74, and 3.30 respectively. Average score of knowledge and learning needs of chemotherapy were 2.54, and 3.23 respectively. Learning needs of general treatment and care and of chemotherapy were significantly different in relation to marital status, educational level, family support, the operation, and the amount of chemotherapy received. Items with the highest level of learning needs were the symptoms of recurring illness of general treatment, and minimizing side effects of chemotherapy. There were a negative correlation between knowledge and learning needs on general treatment and a positive correlation between knowledge and learning needs on chemothearpy but there were not significant statistically.

Conclusion

The level of learning needs related to cancer treatment was high, whereas, that of knowledge was low. Therefore, when designing an educational program for gynecological cancer patients, understanding of learning needs is necessary. Also, consideration of a patient's characteristics, and a systematic and detailed educational program should be provided.

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A Study of the Effects of Behavior Contact in Early Mother-Infant Attachment: Mi Hae Sung, Mi Kyung Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):842-849. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.842

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The main purpose of this study was to establish a nursing intervention data base to improve maternal attachment.

Method

The first group of mothers(control group), experienced their first physical contact with their infants after being discharged from the hospital. The second group (experimental group) practiced early initial mother-infant postpartum contact known as the most sensitive period for founding maternal-infancy attachment. The subjects of this study gave birth to normal infants at M hospital from Aug.25 to Sept.30, 2004. During the same time, data was collected through direct observation, with instruments designed by Cropley et al., to assess the behaviors of normal attachment. The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test with an SPSS program.

Result

The group practicing initial mother-infant contact, showed a higher degree of physical and functional bonding than the group experiencing the first contact after discharge from the hospital (control group)(p<.01). The group practicing initial mother-infant contact, showed higher degrees of bonding attachment assessments than the group experiencing their first initial contact after their discharge from the hospital(p<.01).

Conclusion

The group practicing early mother-infant contact, showed more maternal-infant interaction than the group experiencing their initial contact after their discharge from the hospital. These results show that maternal attachment behavior increases according with an early initial mother-infant contact.

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Preterm Bebek Annelerinin Maternal Bağlanma, Emzirme Özyeterliliği ve Bakıma Katılım Düzeyleri
Tuğçe AĞAR, Ferdağ YILDIRIM
Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi.2023; 8(3): 466. CrossRef
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Sun Jung Park, Shin Jeong Kim, Kyung Ah Kang
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Sun Mi Lee
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