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Original Articles
Latent Class Analysis for Health-Related Quality of Life in the Middle-Aged Male in South Korea
Youngsuk Cho, Dong Moon Yeum
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(1):104-112.   Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.104
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study aimed to identify types of quality of life (QoL) based on the 5 dimensions of EQ-5D and predict factors affecting types of QoL.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis using data from the Korean Health Panel Survey- II(2012). Participants were 2,071 middle-aged men who had completed the additional survey in 2012 and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 5.21 for latent analysis.

Results

Three latent classes of QoL were identified: serious (2.4% of the sample), threatened (15.5%), and stable types (82.0%). The types and characteristics of QoL among the latent classes differed. On comparing latent type 1 with latent type 2, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), employment status (p<.05), and subjective health status (p<.001) were found to be significant. On comparing latent type 1 with latent type 3, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), current smoking status (p<.001), and subjective health status (p<.001) were found to be significant. On comparing latent type 2 with latent type 3, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), subjective health status (p<.001), stress (p<.001) were found to be significant.

Conclusion

The results showed significant heterogeneity in types of QoL and the predictors of QoL by types were different. These findings provide basic information for developing nursing interventions to improve QoL. Specific characteristics depending on the subtypes should be considered during the development of interventions.

Citations

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  • Heterogeneity and associated factors of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome health behaviors: a latent class analysis
    Ying liu, Yunmei Guo, Rui Ding, Xin Yan, Huiwen Tan, Xueting Wang, Yousha Wang, LianHong Wang
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women Aged ≥50 Years
    Goeun Chung, Hye-Sun Jung, Hye-Jin Kim
    Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2021; 19(3): 159.     CrossRef
  • Health related quality of life in patient with type 2 diabetes: The role of household food insecurity on latent class membership
    Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Masoudreza Sohrabi, Kamyar Mansori, Ali Gholami
    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2020; 14(4): 473.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the Types and Affecting Factors of Older People's Health-related Quality of Life, Using Latent Class Analysis
    Sun-Hee Jang, Dong-Moon Yeum
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(2): 212.     CrossRef
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A Study on Health Behavior Experience of Middle-aged Women in Rural Area
Jin Hyang Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(5):694-705.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.5.694
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the health behavior experience of middle-aged Korean women in rural areas, and to help understand their health practice, perceive their nursing needs and provide guidelines to developing appropriate nursing interventions. METHOD: The participants were 18 healthy middle-aged women living in rural areas, with no serious illness that require hospitalization. The data was collected through interviews and participant observation, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin(1997). The data collection period was from April to November of 2001. RESULT: Depending on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon was family-oriented pursuing of yangsaeng. The causal condition was less confidence on one's own health, responsibilities in caring for family. The contexts were cultural system. The intervening condition was information system, support system, limitation of approaching a medical institution. The action/ interaction strategies were yangsaeng through dietary practice, yangsaeng through promoting clothing and housing, yangsaeng through exercise, practice of folk therapy, yangsaeng through mental hygiene, and use of medical institution. The consequences were stabilization of body and mind, and stabilization of family. CONCLUSION: It is recommended for nurses to understand health behavior experience of middle-aged women, and provide nursing intervention with theoretical scheme and practical principles so that these women can pursue the family-oriented process of yangsaeng.

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  • Evaluation of Anthropometric Characteristics, Bone Density, Food Intake Frequency, Nutrient Intakes, and Diet Quality of Preand Postmenopausal Women : Based on 2008∼2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Soon Nam Choi, Kwang Hyun Jho, Nam Yong Chung
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2017; 27(5): 500.     CrossRef
  • Content Analysis of Hwa-byung Awareness in Middle-Aged Women
    Sun-Jung Park, Eun-Young Choi
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(2): 1304.     CrossRef
  • A Korean Version of the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (ADS-K)
    Eun-Hyun Lee, Young Whee Lee, Kwan-Woo Lee, Moonsuk Nam, Yong Seong Kim, Seung Jin Han
    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2015; 26(3): 270.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between Intake of Health Foods and Dietary Behavior in Middle-Aged Women
    Mi-Hee Kim, Hye-Jin Lee, Mi-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Hea Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(5): 436.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Diet Quality according to Self-Rated Health Status of Korean Middle-Aged Women -Based on 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-
    Hye-Jin Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2013; 42(9): 1395.     CrossRef
  • The Related Factors Influencing on Self-rated Health Level of Middle-aged Women
    Hyejin Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee, Eunkyung Kim, Mi-Jung Kim, Suk-Man Hwang
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(3): 290.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Aroma Self-Foot Reflexology Massage on Stress and Immune Responses and Fatigue in Middle-Aged Women in Rural Areas
    Ja Ok Kim, In Sook Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(5): 709.     CrossRef
  • Climacteric and Menopausal Women's Beliefs on Daily Meals and Food Supplements - A Focus Group Interview Study -
    Jeong-Soon Pyun, Mi Jeong Kim, Kyung-Hea Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(2): 239.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Self-Efficacy Promotion Program on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Behavior, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy
    Hea-Kyoung Ko, Geum Ja Park
    Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2011; 11(2): 136.     CrossRef
  • Do the determinants of physical activity change by physical activity level?
    Hyun Kyung Kim, Mi Ja Kim, Chang Gi Park, Hyeon Ok Kim
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2009; 65(4): 836.     CrossRef
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A Study of Quality of Life in Middle-aged Men
Young Whee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(4):539-549.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.4.539
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to examine the degree of quality of life and to analyze the factors affecting those quality of life in middle-aged men. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 208 men aged by 35-55 from 3 business enterprises located in Seoul and Incheon. Data collection was conducted through the use of 5 questionnaire. RESULT: There were significant differences in the quality of life according to marital status, religion, educational level, number of children and total house income. A positive correlation was found between quality of life and all independent variables i.e., health promoting behaviors, health perception, social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was self-esteem. Self- esteem, health perception, health promoting behaviors, marriage, and social support accounted for 65% of the variance in quality of life in middle-aged men. CONCLUSION: All independent variables i.e., health promoting behaviors, health perception, social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy were related with quality of life in middle-aged men. Therefore it is necessary to develop the nursing intervention with these variables to increase the quality of life for middle-aged men.

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  • Factors Influencing on Health-Related Quality of Life among Men Osteoporosis Patients over 50 Years
    Ji Young Kim, Youngran Yang
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 145.     CrossRef
  • Stigma, Adjustment, and Quality of Life of Middle-aged Male Patients with Lung Cancer
    Miyoung Yoo, Eunyoung E. Suh
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(5): 494.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy on Pain, Anxiety, Comfort, and Cortisol Levels During Trigger Point Injection
    Kadriye Sayin Kasar, Yasemin Yildirim, Fisun Senuzun Aykar, Meltem Uyar, Ferhan Girgin Sagin, Sevcan Atay
    Holistic Nursing Practice.2020; 34(1): 57.     CrossRef
  • Change of the Self-care Agency and Quality of Life after Craniotomy among Patients with Brain tumor according to time
    Su Youn Lee, Se Na Jung, Su Min Jung, Hyun Jin Cho, Hye Kyung Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2019; 19(3): 117.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Health-related Quality of Life in Middle-aged Male Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
    Dohyung Kim, Soo-Kyoung Lee
    Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017; 17(3): 199.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Family Support, Social Support and Workplace Spirituality of Quality of Life on Middle Aged-male
    Young-sook Seo, Chu-young Jeong
    Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science.2016; 4(4): 782.     CrossRef
  • Related Factors of Quality of Life in Middle-male with Chronic Liver Disease
    Eun-Su Do, Sun-Mi Lee, Young-Sook Seo
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(2): 267.     CrossRef
  • The Influence on Health-related Quality of Life in Diabetes Mellitus Patients over 50 Years Old by Stress Recognition, Depression, and Suicidal Thinking
    Sang-Sook Bea
    The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2015; 9(2): 57.     CrossRef
  • The Relationships among Quality of Life and Stress, Health-related Habits and Food Intake in Korean Healthy Adults Based on 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Su Bin Lee, Hyun Jin Choi, Mi Joung Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(6): 411.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Subjective Quality of Life in Male Baby Boom Generation Men
    Hee Sook Kim, Kwang Za Yu
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(4): 461.     CrossRef
  • Menopausal Symptoms and Quality of Life according to Hormone Replacement Therapy in Rural Postmenopausal Women
    Young-Ji Kim, Keum-Soon Kim, Jeong-Sig Kim
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2013; 16(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • Quality of Life in the Urban Adults by Age
    Jung Sook Choi, EunHee Lee, AeYoung So, Kyung-Sook Lee
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2012; 19(3): 362.     CrossRef
  • A Predictive Model of Workers' Quality of Life
    Bok-Im Lee, Hye-Sun Jung
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(1): 35.     CrossRef
  • Depression, Self-esteem, and Quality of Life in a Community Population.
    So Young Min
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • A Study of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Self-esteem, Depression, and Physical Health in Female University Students
    Dukyoo Jung, Hyojung Park, Miyoung Kim
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2008; 14(4): 306.     CrossRef
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Subjectivity on Stressful Life Events of Middle-aged Women: A Q Methodology Approach
Hye Sook Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(3):406-415.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.3.406
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study measures the subjectivity on stressful life events of middle- aged women. METHOD: Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As for the research method, Q-statements were collected reliminary to the study of through in-depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 38 Q-statements were selected. There were 28 middle aged women as subjects for the research. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. RESULT: Through the result of this study, the stressful life events of middle-aged women could be identified by 4 types. The type I is called the conflict in relationship with husband's family members. The type II is called lack of marital intimacy. The type III is called low self-esteem. The type IV is called changing life cycle itself. CONCLUSION: Therefore, identifing the subjectivity on the stressful life events of middle-aged women would be a basic step for the understanding of middle aged women.

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  • Effects of transformative tourism activity on the mitigation of menopause symptoms and life satisfaction
    Bomi Hazel Kim, Haeok Liz Kim
    International Journal of Tourism Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influence of the Perception of Aging Symptoms as a Mediator and Moderator on the Relationship between Family Function and Stress in Middle-Aged Adults
    Hyun-E Yeom, Kyoung Ok Ju
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 175.     CrossRef
  • Influencing Factors on Mid-Life Crisis
    Hae Kyung Chang
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(1): 98.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Adaptation to Menopause in Middle-aged Women
    Eun Joo Lee
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(4): 336.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Depression in Middle Aged Women: Focused on Quality of life on Menopause
    Jung Nam Sohn
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2018; 43(2): 148.     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Obesity of Mid-year Korean American Women and Their Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
    Sukyong Seo
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2013; 15(1): 8.     CrossRef
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The Psychological Effect of Hand and Arm Massage on Middle-Aged Women
Hee Jung Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(6):1389-1399.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.6.1389
AbstractAbstract PDF

Massage therapy is a traditional, alternative and nonphamacological means of promoting rest and relaxation. However, nursing intervention by massage for middle-aged women is rarely practiced by nurses. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of the hand and arm massage as an independent nursing intervention tool for middle- aged women. The data used in this research were collected from forty-nine subjects using a nonequivalent control group non- synchronized design. Twenty-four persons for the experimental group and Twenty-five persons for the control group were selected from D city and C city from July 1997 to September 2000. Subjects' ages were between forty and fifty-six years old with mean the age of 45.6. Hand and arm massage developed by Cayce and Reilly was applied to the experimental group for a session of 15 minutes two or three times a week for four weeks. The instruments used for the measurement of the subjects' stress, anxiety, depression and the middle-life crisis were Langners's 22-item Screening Score, Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale, and Kim's Middle Life Crisis Scale(1988). These psychological factors were measured before and after the implementation of hand and arm massage. The data were analyzed with mean+/-s.d, percent, t-test, and a paired t-test. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Before the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups. 2. After the treatment, there were significant differences in the stress and the occurrence of mid life crisis between the two groups. The findings suggest that the use of the hand and arm massage for middle-aged women made significant changes in the level of stress and middle life crisis. Therefore, it is recommended that hand and arm massage be used as an independent nursing intervention tool for middle-aged women. For further research, is needed replication of this concept of research with different subjects in a larger population. Also, it is recommended to investigate the effects of massage with aroma therapy for the berefit of decreasing womens' stress level further.

Citations

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  • Effects of Sorusangzi Massage on Stress, Fatigue, and Depression in Middle-aged Working Women
    Ji On Park, Yun Hee Son, Eun-Hwa Ju
    Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology.2017; 15(1): 55.     CrossRef
  • Research Trend on Aromatherapy for Korean Middle-aged Women
    Hee-Jung Yong, Hyun Hee Jang, Sung Nae Lee, Soo-Yeon Kim, Young-Sam Kim
    Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology.2017; 15(1): 113.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Studies on Hand Massage Published in Korea: On the Effects of Sleep, Pain, Anxiety and Depression
    In-Ja Kim, Yu-Na Cho
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2012; 15(1): 47.     CrossRef
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    Mi-Hae Sung, Mi Young Choi, Ok Bong Eum
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(2): 154.     CrossRef
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Predicting Exercise Behavior in Middle-aged Women: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Mi La Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):537-548.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.537
AbstractAbstract PDF

The objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting exercise intention and exercise behavior, and to examine the determinants of exercise intention and exercise behavior in the sample of middle-aged women. The subjects who participated in this study were 263 middle-aged women. The instruments used for this study was a survey of general characteristics, attitude (18 items), subjective norm (2 items), perceived behavioral control (19 items), intention (3 items), and exercise behavior (7 items and 23 items for each). Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis with SAS PC program. The hypothetical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was tested by use of LISREL 8.12a program. 1) The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good(chi-square=11.76, p=0.03, RMSEA=0.07, standardized RMR= 0.03, GFI=0.99, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.97, NNFI=0.95). 2) Perceived behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norm were significant determinants of exercise intention, and these variables explained 35% of the total variance of exercise intention. 3) Perceived behavioral control, intention, and attitude were significant determinants of exercise behavior. But, subjective norm was not a significant determinants. These four variables explained 69% of the total variance of exercise behavior. In conclusion, this study shows the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exercise behavior of middle-aged women, and suggests that health care providers should focus on perceived behavioral control and attitude rather than subjective norm to improve exercise behavior of middle-aged women.

Citations

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  • Factors Influencing Performance of Exercise Behavior of Middle-Aged Men with Chronic Disease Based on the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skill-Revealed-Related Variables (IMBR) Model
    Hee-Kyung Kim, Hyoungtae Kim, Jeong-Hyo Seo
    Healthcare.2022; 11(1): 100.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Nurses' Nursing Intention toward COVID-19 Patients
    Do Eun Kyung, Yong Soon Shin
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2021; 33(4): 376.     CrossRef
  • Verification of Predictive Model of Mutual Cooperative Behavior of Disabilities without Disability for Students with Disability in Inclusive Physical Education Setting Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
    박수경, Lee Hyun Su
    Journal of adapted physical activity and exercise.2012; 20(1): 15.     CrossRef
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    In Kyung Han
    The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2009; 42(4): 358.     CrossRef
  • The Stages of Physical Activity and Exercise Behavior: An Integrated Approach to the Theory of Planned Behavior
    Byung-Ha Park, Moo-Sik Lee, Jee-Young Hong, Seok-Hwan Bae, Eun-Young Kim, Kwang-Kee Kim, Dae-Kyoung Kim
    Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2009; 21(1): 71.     CrossRef
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Effects of a Exercise Program on Body Composition, Physical Fitness and Lipid Metabolism for Middle-Aged Obese Women
Kun Ja Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1248-1257.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1248
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to examine the effects of an exercise program for middle-aged obese women.

Methods

The exercise program combined folk dance and resistance training. The subjects group consisted of 85 middle-aged obese women between 40 and 60 years of age. Three 8 week sessions consisted of a 55-80% maximum heart rate (MHR) exercise for 60-90 minutes a day and 3 times a week from March to November, 2004. Data was collected through a pre- and post-exercise test before and after each session. Data was collected with Inbody, dynamometer and blood. This data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, and a paired t-test with an SPSS/PC(10.0 version) program.

Results

There were significant positive changes in body weight, body fat mass, body mass index, percent body fat, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, and balance quality, but no significant positive changes in skeletal mass, fat free mass, percent abdominal fat(waist-hip ratio), visceral fat area, agility, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides.

Conclusion

This study showed that an exercise program has partially positive effects for middle-aged obese women. The results of this study show that exercise at community health centers should continue for middle-aged obese women's health.

Citations

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  • The effect of different types of exercise on blood lipid profiles: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
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    Hassane Zouhal, Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Arash Khodamoradi, Ayoub Saeidi, Ayyappan Jayavel, Anthony C. Hackney, Ismail Laher, Amit M. Algotar, Georges Jabbour
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    C. Pitsavos, D.B. Panagiotakos, K.D. Tambalis, C. Chrysohoou, L.S. Sidossis, J. Skoumas, C. Stefanadis
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    Kae-Hwa Jo, Yeong-Kyeong Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(3): 372.     CrossRef
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The Factors Influencing the Compliance of Breast Self-Examination of Middle-Aged Womem
Yeon Hee Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(4):721-727.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.4.721
AbstractAbstract
Purpose

This cross-sectional survey was conducted to described the compliance of Breast Self-Examination of middle-aged women using a convenient sample, and to examine relationships between the compliance of BSE and Health Beliefs, and the influencing factors on the compliance of BSE.

Methods

The subjects were 373 literate volunteers who were from 41 to 60 years of age who visited 6 public health centers. From June 7, 2004 to August 20, 2004, data were collected by 5 research assistants using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to obtain information on the general characteristics, knowledge, health beliefs, and compliance of BSE.

Results

The findings of this study suggested that there were significant differences in the scores of the perceived susceptibility and severity between compliers and non-compliers of the BSE. BSE compliance was significantly correlated with knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity. The most powerful predictor of BSE compliance was the perceived susceptibility. The perceived susceptibility, the perceived severity, the knowledge and educational level accounted for 41.8% of the variance in middle aged women's BSE compliance.

Conclusion

Increase in knowledge about breast cancer, with a concomitant increase in both perceived susceptibility and perceived severity could produce a subtle cue or motivating force sufficient to affect a behavior change. Further research is needed to examine the qualitative difference between BSE and other early detection behaviors.

Citations

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  • Factors associated with the use of preventive services by women in Greece
    E. Simou, E. Foundoulakis, G. Kourlaba, N. Maniadakis
    The European Journal of Public Health.2011; 21(4): 512.     CrossRef
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Development and Effectiveness of a Program for Relieving 'Hwa-Byung' Symptoms
Young Joo Park, Jong Woo Kim, Sung Hoon Cho, So Hyun Moon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):1035-1046.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.1035
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This one group experimentation was designed to develop a program for relieving ‘ Hwa-Byung’(HB) symptoms and examine its effects on HB symptoms, pain threshold emotions like anger, anxiety and depression.

Method

The program consisted of three components the change of the cognitive thoughts, the formation of a supportive network, and induction of mind-body relaxation. Sixteen middle-aged women with HB were divided into three groups for group dynamics according to the time of the recruitment. Data was collected for nine months at three time points, before, immediately after, and one month later of its application.

Result

There were statistically significant differences in the severity level of state anger, state anxiety, depression, and HB symptoms according to the time interval. The means of state anger and state anxiety were reduced after the intervention, but it was slightly increased one month later. The means of depression and HB symptoms were continuously reduced after the intervention and one month later.

Conclusion

This was the first management program for HB women in Korea. A future study must be done with the research design formethodological strength revision of the program.

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  • A broken heart from a wounded land: The use of Korean scarf dance as a dance/movement therapy intervention for a Korean woman with haan
    Kyung Soon Ko
    The Arts in Psychotherapy.2017; 55: 64.     CrossRef
  • Current Trends in Intervention Studies of Hwabyung in Korean Medicine
    Hyo-Weon Suh, Eun-Ji Choi, Sang-Ho Kim, Dong Hee Kim, Lak-Hyung Kim, Jong-Woo Kim, Jae-Hyok Lee, Jae-Hwan Lim, Woo-Jin Choi, Sun-Yong Chung
    Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry.2016; 27(4): 261.     CrossRef
  • Anger, anger expression, cardiovascular risk factors, and gastrointestinal symptoms by hwa-byung symptoms in Korean adult women
    Young-Joo Park, Sook-Ja Lee, Nah-Mee Shin, Hyunjeong Shin, Hyun Cheol Kang, Yoon Tae Jin, Song I. Jeon, Inhae Cho
    Applied Nursing Research.2015; 28(4): 398.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Guidelines for Hwabyung III. (Diagnosis and Assessment of Hwabyung)
    In Chul Jung, Woo Chang Choi, Sang Ryong Lee
    Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry.2013; 24(spc1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Brief Qigong-based Stress Reduction Program (BQSRP) in a distressed Korean population: a randomized trial
    Eun-Young Hwang, Sun-Yong Chung, Jae-Heung Cho, Mi-Yeon Song, Sehyun Kim, Jong-Woo Kim
    BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2013;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical Guidelines for Hwabyung V. (Oriental Psychotherapy and Management)
    Seung-Gi Lee, Hyung-Won Kang
    Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry.2013; 24(spc1): 47.     CrossRef
  • The effect of Bunsimgi-eum on Hwa-byung: Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial
    Seok-Hwan Kim, Yang-Chun Park, Kwon-Eui Hong, Weechang Kang, Sang Ryong Lee, In Chul Jung
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2012; 144(2): 402.     CrossRef
  • Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(MBSR) on Hwa-Byung Patients
    Seung-Yeon Song, Hyun-Ju Cho, Sang-Young Kim, Jong-Woo Kim
    Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry.2012; 23(4): 153.     CrossRef
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Transition Model of Middle-aged Women
In Sook Cho, Young Sook Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(3):515-524.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.515
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a model to explain the transition state for Korean middle-aged women focusing on the transition concept.

Method

A hypothetical model was constructed based on the transition model of Schumacher & Meleis(1994) and tested. Thehypothetical model consisted of 5 latent variables and 11 observed variables. Exogenous variables were demographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, and health behavior. Endogenous variables were transition state and quality of life with 6 paths. The data from 221 middle-aged women selected by convenience was analyzed using covariance structure analysis.

Result

The final model which was modified from the hypotheticalmodel improved to GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.94, and NNFI=0.95. The transition state was influenced directly by demographic characteristics, quality of life, and also indirectly by health behaviors. However, the influence of obstetric characteristics was not significant. The transition state was accountable for 68% of the variance by these factors.

Conclusion

These results suggest that enhancing health behaviors of the women are necessary to increase quality of life and it consequently contributes to improving the transition state. This model could be used to explain the health related vulnerability in these ages and to diagnosis individual women.

Citations

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Correlational Study among Anger, Perceived Stress and Mental Health Status in Middle Aged Women
Pyoung Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):856-864.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.856
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to identify the relationships of trait anger, mode of anger expression, and perceived stress to mental health status in middle aged women.

Method

The subjects were 157 middle aged women from 40s to 60s who lived in Seoul. Data was collected by questionnaire surveys using the convenience sampling. The instruments used for this study were Spielberger's trait anger scale and anger expression scale, Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein's perceived stress and Derogatis's SCL-90-R. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression with SAS/PC.

Result

The trait anger of middle aged women indicated a significantly positive correlation to perceived stress(r=.180, p=.023) and mental health status(r.=021, p=.014). Anger-in(r=.237, p<.05), and perceived stress(p=.461, p<.01) showed significantly positive correlation to mental health status. The most significant predictor influencing health status of middle aged women was perceived stress, and anger-in and the variance explained was 27%.

Conclusion

These results suggested that middle aged women with high degree of trait anger is likely to be high in stress perception. Perceived stress and anger-in are major factors influencing mental health status.

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The Influence of Subjective Health Status, Post-Traumatic Growth, and Social Support on Successful Aging in Middle-Aged Women
Seung Hee Lee, Hyung Suk Jang, Young Hee Yang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(5):744-752.   Published online October 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.744
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to investigate factors influencing successful aging in middle-aged women.

Methods

A convenience sample of 103 middle-aged women was selected from the community. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson correlations, Spearman correlations and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program.

Results

Results of regression analysis showed that significant factors influencing successful aging were post-traumatic growth and social support. This regression model explained 48% of the variance in successful aging.

Conclusion

Findings show that the concept 'post-traumatic growth' is an important factor influencing successful aging in middle-aged women. In addition, social support from friends/co-workers had greater influence on successful aging than social support from family. Thus, we need to consider the positive impact of post-traumatic growth and increase the chances of social participation in a successful aging program for middle-aged women.

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Effect and Path Analysis of Laughter Therapy on Serotonin, Depression and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Women
Mi Youn Cha, Hae Sook Hong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):221-230.   Published online April 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.221
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to examine how laughter therapy impacts serotonin levels, QOL and depression in middle-aged women and to perform a path analysis for verification of the effects.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study employing a nonequivalent control group and pre-post design was conducted. Participants were 64 middle-aged women (control=14 and experimental=50 in 3 groups according to level of depression). The intervention was conducted five times a week for a period of 2 weeks and the data analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA and LISREL.

Results

Results showed that pre serotonin and QOL in women with severe depression were the lowest. Serotonin in the experimental groups increased after the 10th intervention (p=.006) and the rise was the highest in the group with severe depression (p=.001). Depression in all groups decreased after the 5th intervention (p=.022) and the biggest decline was observed in group with severe depression (p=.007). QOL of the moderate and severe groups increased after the 10th intervention (p=.049), and the increase rate was highest in group with severe depression (p<.006). Path analysis revealed that laughter therapy did not directly affect depression, but its effect was indirectly meditated through serotonin variation (p<.001).

Conclusion

Results indicate that serotonin activation through laughter therapy can help middle-aged women by lessening depression and providing important grounds for depression control.

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Anger Expression Type and Mental Health in Middle Aged Women
Il-Rim Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(4):602-612.   Published online August 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.4.602
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify type of anger expression and mental health in middle aged women.

Methods

From August to October 2005, survey data were collected by using the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Symptom Check List-90-Revision (SCL). Participants (1,442) were classified into four types of anger expression by K-mean cluster analysis. For collecting interview data for content analysis, 18 participants (4-5 participants from each type of anger expression) were recruited. The interview data were collected between March and September 2006.

Results

The average score of the state anger of middle-aged women was 11.95, and that of the trait anger was 18.75. The average anger expression scores were 12.72 for Anger-In, 13.45 for Anger-Out, and 18.51 for Anger-Control. The average SCL scores were 45.03 for somatization, 42.23 for obsessive-compulsiveness, 42.44 for interpersonal sensitivity, 42.45 for depression, 42.40 for anxiety, 42.62 for hostility, 44.44 for phobic anxiety, 43.65 for paranoid ideation, and 43.08 for psychoticism. The anger expression types identified in this study were 1) anger-out in secret, 2) anger-control with a patience, 3) anger-out with suppression, and 4) low anger expression type. The psychosomatic symptom scores were the highest in type III (anger-out with suppression), and the lowest in type IV (low anger expression type).

Conclusion

This study can be helpful in assisting middle aged women to control their anger effectively and may contribute to the improvement of their mental health.

Citations

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    Yong Mi Lee, Geun Myun Kim
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    Hyejin Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee, Eunkyung Kim, Mi-Jung Kim, Suk-Man Hwang
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Adjustment of Middle-aged People with Hemiplegia after a Stroke
Hwa Jin Lee, Myungsun Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(5):792-802.   Published online August 28, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.5.792
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to understand the adjustment process of middle-aged people in Korea with hemiplegia after a stroke.

Method

For this study, the grounded theory method was utilized.

Results

After constant comparative analysis, the core category emerged as ‘rebuilding the body which was ruined’. In addition, the causal conditions were ‘restriction of physical function’, and ‘loss of roles’. The adjustment process consisted of the ‘facing reality phase’, ‘overcoming depression phase’, ‘overcoming physical limits phase’ and ‘reestablishing roles phase’. The main strategies in the facing reality phase were ‘holding on to a glimmer of hope’, ‘getting away from the harsh reality’ and ‘facing up to the reality’. The main strategies in the overcoming depression phase were ‘soothing oneself’, ‘Self-introspection’ and ‘restoring self-esteem’. In addition, the main strategies in the self-initiative overcoming physical limits phase was ‘discovering personal strategies and striving to recover’. The main strategies in the reestablishing roles phase were ‘reestablishing a parents’ role’, ‘reestablishing a spouse's role’ and ‘reestablishing social roles’.

Conclusion

In conclusion, even though many middle aged stroke patients remained in the depression phase, most of them who overcame depression strived to conquer physical limits on their own initiative.

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    Soo-Yong Oh, Jeong-Seop Lee
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(5): 582.     CrossRef
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    Minhee Suh, Smi Choi-Kwon
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    Jung-Hee Kim
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Factors Effecting Health Promoting Behaviors in Middle-Aged Women
Kun Ja Lee, Chun Ja Chang, Jae Hee Yoo, Yeo Jin Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(3):494-502.   Published online June 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.3.494
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to evaluate the casual relationship between the factors in the Pender's model and to explain health promoting behaviors among middle-aged women in order to facilitate nursing interventions for this population group.

Method

116 women between 40~60 years old living in Incheon were asked to complete a questionnaire about their health. The data was collected between March and November, 2003. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the correctional analysis SPSSWIN 11.5 program. The LISREL 8.12 program was used to find the best fit model which explained a causal relationship of the variables.

Results

The climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women negatively correlated with health promoting behaviors. However, marital satisfaction positively correlated with health promoting behaviors.

Conclusion

Marital satisfaction and climacteric symptoms had an effect on health promoting behaviors. Therefore, based on this study, we plan to develop a health education program to decrease climacteric symptoms and to promote marital satisfaction for health promotion.

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