Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

The Effect of Socioeconomic Status to Depression of Perimenopause Women: Pathway Analysis Using the Reserve Capacity Model: Park, Mi-Ran , Choi, Hye Seung , Lee, Ju-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(2):249-259. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22133

Purpose
Based on the Reserve Capacity Model, this study investigated the effects of pre- and postmenopausal women’s socioeconomic status (SES) on depression, focusing on the mediating effects of self-esteem, happiness, and family relationship satisfaction with social network relationships.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved secondary analysis of national data on 771 perimenopause women gathered from the 16th Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) 2021. A path analysis model was constructed to evaluate the relationship between SES, social network satisfaction, self-esteem, perceived health status, and depression. Data were analyzed using ADANCO 2.3.1 and Mplus 8.4.
Results
Although SES had no direct effect on depression, it did affect depression through self-esteem, happiness, and satisfaction with family relationships.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that perimenopausal women’s personal resources—psychosocial variables such as self-esteem and happiness—had a higher effect on depression than tangible reserves like SES. Therefore, interventions for enhancing self-esteem and happiness may prevent depression in perimenopausal women effectively.

Citations

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Effects of Socioeconomic Status on the Health of Menopausal Mothers in Multicultural Families in Korea: A Test of the Reserve Capacity Model
Miran Park, Ju-Young Lee
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health.2025; 27(2): 277. CrossRef

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Dyslipidemia after Menopause: Jeong, Ihn Sook , Yun, Hae Sun , Kim, Myo Sung , Hwang, Youn Sun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):214-227. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21188

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was aimed at investigating the incidence and risk factors of dyslipidemia in menopausal women using a Korean community-based longitudinal study.
Methods
The subjects were 245 postmenopausal women without dyslipidemia who had participated in the Ansan-Ansung cohort study from 2001~2002 (baseline) to 2015~2016 (seventh follow-up visit). The dyslipidemia incidence was measured as incidence proportion (%) and incidence rate per 100 person-years. The predictors of developing dyslipidemia were analyzed with Cox’s proportional hazard model.
Results
The incidence of new dyslipidemia during the follow-up period was 78.4% (192 patients), and 11.9 per 100 person-years. Mean duration from menopause to developing dyslipidemia was 5.3 years in new dyslipidemia cases. The triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDL-C) ratio at baseline (hazard ratio = 2.20; 95% confidence interval = 1.39~3.48) was independently associated with developing dyslipidemia.
Conclusion
Dyslipidemia occurs frequently in postmenopausal women, principally within five years after menopause. Therefore, steps must be taken to prevent dyslipidemia immediately after menopause, particularly in women with a high TG/HDL-C ratio at the start of menopause.

Citations

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Middle-aged women’s experiences of physical activity for managing menopausal symptoms: a phenomenological study
Hee Jung Cho, Sukhee Ahn
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(2): 104. CrossRef
Relationship between sleep duration and prevalence of hypertension among Korean postmenopausal middle-aged women
Eun Young Hong, Hye Ja Gu
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2023; 40(5): 43. CrossRef
Identification of subgroups with poor lipid control among patients with dyslipidemia using decision tree analysis: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2019 to 2021
Hee Sun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(2): 131. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life: Park, Jin-Hee , Bae, Sun Hyoung , Jung, Young-Mi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):487-500. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20049

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL).
Methods
The MENQOL was translated into Korean according to algorithm of linguistic validation process. A total of 308 menopausal womenwere recruited and assessed using the Korean version of MENQOL (MENQOL-K), the World Health Organization Quality of Life BriefVersion (WHOQOL-BREF), and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-K). In estimating reliability, internal consistencyreliability coefficients were calculated. Validity was evaluated through criterion validity and construct validity with confirmatory factor analysesusing SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 25.0 software.
Results
In item analyses, the “increased facial hair” symptom was excluded because of thelow contribution of MENQOL-K. The confirmatory factor analysis supported good fit and reliable scores for MENQOL-K model, and thefour-factor structure was validated (x²=553.28, p <.001, NC=1.84, RMSEA=.05, AGIF=.85, AIC=765.28). The MENQOL-K consists of 28 itemsin 4 domains, including vasomotor (3 items), psychosocial (7 items), physical (15 items), and sexual subscales (3 items). There was an acceptablecriterion validity with moderately significant correlation between MENQOL-K and WHOQOL-BREF. The Cronbach’s a for the 4subsacles ranged from .80 to .93.
Conclusion
The MENQOL-K is a valid and reliable scale to measure condition-specific quality of life forperimenopausal and postmenopausal women. It can be used to assess the impact of menopausal symptoms on the quality of life of Koreanwomen in clinical trials.

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Early-onset vasomotor symptoms and development of depressive symptoms among premenopausal women
Hye Rin Choi, Yoosoo Chang, Jungeun Park, Yoosun Cho, Chanmin Kim, Min-Jung Kwon, Jeonggyu Kang, Ria Kwon, Ga-young Lim, Jiin Ahn, Kye-Hyun Kim, Hoon Kim, Yun Soo Hong, Jihwan Park, Di Zhao, Juhee Cho, Eliseo Guallar, Hyun-Young Park, Seungho Ryu
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 354: 376. CrossRef
Association between Menopausal Women’s Quality of Life and Aging Anxiety: The Role of Life Satisfaction and Depression
Seunghee Lee, Mijung Jang, Dohhee Kim, KyooSang Kim
Medicina.2024; 60(8): 1189. CrossRef
Vasomotor and other menopause symptoms and the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health metrics among premenopausal stage women
Hye Rin Choi, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Yoosun Cho, Min-Jung Kwon, Jeonggyu Kang, Ria Kwon, Ga-Young Lim, Kye-Hyun Kim, Hoon Kim, Yun Soo Hong, Jihwan Park, Di Zhao, Juhee Cho, Eliseo Guallar, Hyun-Young Park, Seungho Ryu
Menopause.2023; 30(7): 750. CrossRef
Research trends in the Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing from 2011 to 2021: a quantitative content analysis
Ju-Hee Nho, Sookkyoung Park
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(2): 128. CrossRef
Low anti-Müllerian hormone levels are associated with an increased risk of incident early-onset vasomotor symptoms among premenopausal women
SunJu NamGoung, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Hoon Kim, In Young Cho, Ria Kwon, Ga-Young Lim, Hye Rin Choi, Jeonggyu Kang, Kye-Hyun Kim, Yun Soo Hong, Di Zhao, Hyun-Young Park, Juhee Cho, Eliseo Guallar, Min-Jung Kwon, Seungho Ryu
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is associated with an increased risk of incident early-onset vasomotor symptoms
Hye Rin Choi, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Jeonggyu Kang, Min-Jung Kwon, Ria Kwon, Ga-Young Lim, Kye-Hyun Kim, Hoon Kim, Yun Soo Hong, Di Zhao, Juhee Cho, Eliseo Guallar, Hyun-Young Park, Seungho Ryu
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Risk of Incident Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms Among Premenopausal Women
Hye Rin Choi, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Yoosun Cho, Jeonggyu Kang, Min-Jung Kwon, Ria Kwon, Ga-Young Lim, Kye-Hyun Kim, Hoon Kim, Yun Soo Hong, Jihwan Park, Di Zhao, Juhee Cho, Eliseo Guallar, Hyun-Young Park, Seungho Ryu
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(9): 2666. CrossRef
Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Risk of Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms in Premenopausal Women
Ria Kwon, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Yoosun Cho, Hye Rin Choi, Ga-Young Lim, Jeonggyu Kang, Kye-Hyun Kim, Hoon Kim, Yun Soo Hong, Jihwan Park, Di Zhao, Sanjay Rampal, Juhee Cho, Eliseo Guallar, Hyun-Young Park, Seungho Ryu
Nutrients.2022; 14(11): 2276. CrossRef
Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity and risk of vasomotor symptoms in premenopausal women: cross‐sectional and cohort studies
Sunju Namgoung, Yoosoo Chang, Chae‐Yeon Woo, Yejin Kim, Jeonggyu Kang, Ria Kwon, Ga‐Young Lim, Hye Rin Choi, Kye‐Hyun Kim, Hoon Kim, Yun Soo Hong, Di Zhao, Juhee Cho, Eliseo Guallar, Hyun‐Young Park, Seungho Ryu
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.2022; 129(11): 1926. CrossRef
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms in Lean and Overweight Premenopausal Women
Yoosun Cho, Yoosoo Chang, Hye Rin Choi, Jeonggyu Kang, Ria Kwon, Ga-Young Lim, Jiin Ahn, Kye-Hyun Kim, Hoon Kim, Yun Soo Hong, Di Zhao, Sanjay Rampal, Juhee Cho, Hyun-Young Park, Eliseo Guallar, Seungho Ryu
Nutrients.2022; 14(14): 2805. CrossRef

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A Structural Model for Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: Jung Ran Lee, Pok Ja Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):375-385. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.375

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment of breast cancer patients based on a literature review and Hess and Insel's chemotherapy-related cognitive change model.

Methods

The Participants consisted of 250 patients who were ≥19 years of age. The assessment tools included the Menopause Rating Scale, Symptom Experience Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Everyday Cognition, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.

Results

The modified model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were χ ²=423.18 (p<.001), χ ²/df=3.38, CFI=.91, NFI=.91, TLI=.89, SRMR=.05, RMSEA=.09, and AIC=515.18. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment was directly influenced by menopausal symptoms (β=.38, p=.002), depression and anxiety (β=.25, p=.002), and symptom experiences (β=.19, p=.012). These predictors explained 47.7% of the variance in chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety mediated the relations among menopausal symptoms, symptom experiences, and with chemotherapy related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety (β=-.51, p=.001), symptom experiences (β=-.27, p=.001), menopausal symptoms (β=-.22, p=.008), and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (β=-.15, p=.024) had direct effects on the quality of life and these variables explained 91.3%.

Conclusion

These results suggest that chemotherapy-related toxicity is highly associated with cognitive decline and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Depression and anxiety increased vulnerability to cognitive impairment after chemotherapy. Nursing intervention is needed to relieve chemotherapy-related toxicity and psychological factor as well as cognitive decline for quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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Factors Influencing Oncofertility in Gynecological Cancer Patients: Application of Mixed Methods Study
Minji Kim, Juyoung Ha
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 418. CrossRef
Relationships Between Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment, Self-Care Ability, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nan Wu, Ze Luan, Zijun Zhou, He Wang, Shiyuan Du, Yulu Chen, Xinxin Wang, Jiong Li, Xin Peng
Seminars in Oncology Nursing.2024; 40(5): 151690. CrossRef
Effects of different exercise interventions on chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer: a study protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Yu Dong, Hao Huang, Aiping Wang
BMJ Open.2024; 14(4): e078934. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Self-reported Memory Problems of Adult Cancer Survivors Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019
Sangjin Ko
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(1): 51. CrossRef
Impact of nonpharmacological interventions on cognitive impairment in women with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jin-Hee Park, Su Jin Jung, Lena J. Lee, Junghyun Rhu, Sun Hyoung Bae
Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 10(4): 100212. CrossRef
Impact of discriminant factors on the comfort-care of nurses caring for trans-arterial chemoembolisation patients
Myoung Soo Kim, Ju-Yeon Uhm
Supportive Care in Cancer.2022; 30(9): 7773. CrossRef
Brain morphological alterations and their correlation to tumor differentiation and duration in patients with lung cancer after platinum chemotherapy
Pin Lv, Guolin Ma, Wenqian Chen, Renyuan Liu, Xiaoyan Xin, Jiaming Lu, Shu Su, Ming Li, ShangWen Yang, Yiming Ma, Ping Rong, Ningyu Dong, Qian Chen, Xin Zhang, Xiaowei Han, Bing Zhang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Influence of Rehabilitation on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Clinical Study
Teresa Paolucci, Aristide Saggino, Francesco Agostini, Marco Paoloni, Andrea Bernetti, Massimiliano Mangone, Valter Santilli, Raoul Saggini, Marco Tommasi
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8585. CrossRef

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Correlational Study on Management of Menopause, Marital Satisfaction, and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Women: Jung Hee Yeo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):261-269. Published online April 6, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.261

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to examine the correlations among management of menopause, marital satisfaction, and quality of life in middle-aged women.

Method

The sample was 158 middle-aged women who were 40-64 years. Data were collected from June 14 to July 10, 2003 using questionnaires and were analyzed by using the SPSS 10.0 PC+ program.

Result

The level of marital satisfaction was related positively to the level of quality of life(r=.504, p<.01) and management of menopause(r=.315, p<.01). In addition, there were significant correlations between the level of quality of life and management of menopause(r=.251, <.01). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, 25.9% of the variance in quality of life was explained by marital satisfaction.

Conclusion

Marital satisfaction and management of menopause serve to improve the quality of life of middle-aged women. It is necessary to develop an effective intervention program to improve marital satisfaction and management of menopause.

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Determinants of Quality of Life (QoL) in Female Caregivers in Elderly Care Facilities in Korea
Hee-Kyung Kim, Hye-Suk Oh
Behavioral Sciences.2024; 14(1): 53. CrossRef
The Effects of Personal Psychological Variables, Family Variables, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-being of Middle-aged Men
Seon Hye Woo, Jung Min Kim, Han Sol Jo
Journal of Korean Home Management Association.2016; 34(6): 15. CrossRef
Structural Equation Modeling on Healthy Menopausal Transition
Eunyoung Hong, Young Sil Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(1): 64. CrossRef
Effects of Sanhujori and Menopausal Adaptation on Health-related QOL in Middle-aged Women
Moon-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Ja Kang
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 62. CrossRef
Women Religious and Married Women's Attitudes toward Menopause and Menopausal Symptoms
Myung-Sook Yoo
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(2): 186. CrossRef
Lifestyle, Depression, and Health Related Quality of Life among Women in Jeju Province
Young Rye Park, Hwee Wee, Soo Jin Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(2): 148. CrossRef

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A Comparative Study on Climacteric Symptoms of Natural Menopausal Women and Artificial Menopausal Women: Hyun Sook Jo, Kun Ja Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(4):692-702. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.4.692

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: To extend the understanding on climacteric symptoms, and to improve women's health and the quality of life by providing the basic data relating to the climacteric symptoms of natural menopausal women and artificial menopausal women.
METHOD
The subjects of this study were 149 women selected conviniently (89 natural menopausal women and 60 total hystrectomy women) who have visited the climacteric clinic of G. hospital in Inchon, the MENSI questionnaire which was developed by Sarrel (1995)was modified considering Korean culture for the measuring tool of this study with 20 items of question(Cronbach'salpa =.76), duration of data collection with the questionnaire was 5 months from Sept. 1, 2000 to Jan. 30, 2001.
Result
Artificial meanopausal women showed statistically significant higher menopausal symptoms than the natural menopausal women in the most of the items, and psychiatric and urogenital symtoms of artificial menopausal women were significantly higher than those of the natural menopausal women.
CONCLUSION
Nursing intervention for psychological support upon artificial menopausal women and their spouses is recommended more than natural menpause women.

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Factors influencing quality of life in post-menopausal women
Hyunsook Shin, Eunjoo Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(4): 336. CrossRef
Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity is Effective in Boosting Neurotrophic Factors and Alleviating Menopause Symptoms
Boram Kim, Sunghwun Kang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(22): 8624. CrossRef
Effects of an Aging Management Program for Middle-aged Women on Resilience and Successful Aging
Hyeyun Jung, Kyung Mi Sung
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 392. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Adaptation to Menopause in Middle-aged Women
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Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(4): 336. CrossRef
The Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique(EFT) as Forest Therapy Program on the Menopause Symptoms and the Quality of Life of the Middle - aged Women
김홍규, 구창덕, 연평식, 이연희
The Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation.2016; 20(3): 83. CrossRef
Effect of Light Therapy on Sleep Disturbance and Depression in Climacteric Women
Yun Ah Kim, Mi Hae Sung
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(3): 197. CrossRef
Impact of Climacteric Symptoms and Fatigue on the Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: The Mediating Effect of Cognitive Dysfunction
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The Mediating Effect of Cognitive Function on Climacteric Symptoms and Quality of Life in the Middle-aged Women
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(7): 4439. CrossRef
Comparison of Climacteric Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Breast Cancer Survivors and Healthy Women
Gyung Duck Kim, Bok Yae Chung, Kyung Hae Kim, Hye Sun Byun, Eun Hee Choi
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Mi-Jeong Han, Ji-Hyun Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2013; 19(4): 275. CrossRef

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Neglecting and Ignoring Menopause Within A Gendered Multiple Transitional Context: Low Income Korean Immigrant Women: Eun Ok Im; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1336-1354. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1336

Abstract PDF

Researchers have rarely explored menopausal experience in the context of the totality of women's lives, subsequently making the picture of menopause incomplete, discrete and fragmented. Respecting the totality of women's lives, this study addressed how a vulnerable group of women-low income Korean immigrant women-experience menopause within a context of multiple transitions. This is a cross- sectional study using methodological triangulation. A sample of 119 first-generation Korean immigrant women aged 40 to 60 years, who were in low-income jobs, was recruited using convenience sampling methods. From the total sample, 21 peri- or post- menopausal women were recruited for in-depth interviews following the collection of the survey data. Questionnaires, short interviews, and in- depth interviews were used to collect data. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis was used to interpret interview data. The findings indicate that menopause was given the lowest priority amidst women's multiple and demanding roles within a gendered multiple transitional (immigration, work and menopause) context. The lack of language clarity to describe women's experience, cultural background, inadequate knowledge, and lack of social supports made menopause hidden, invisible, and inaudible. Conclusions and implications for nursing practice are guided by the goal of understanding women's experiences and meanings of menopause and supporting women through reflecting these experiences into their health care.

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Practical Guidelines for Feminist Research in Nursing
Eun-Ok Im
Advances in Nursing Science.2013; 36(2): 133. CrossRef

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A Study of the Relationship Among Health Promoting Behaviors, Climacteric Symptoms and Depression of Middle-Aged Women: Eun Kwang Yoo, Myoung Hee Kim, Tae Kyung Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(2):225-237. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.2.225

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among the health promoting behaviors, self-reported climacteric symptoms and depression on a cross-sectional survey design. The subjects were 108 middle-aged women who were non-hystrectomized and ranged in age from 40 to 60. They were selected in Seoul and Kyoung-ki province, Korea. Data were collected from Oct. 25 to Nov. 10, 1997 by a structured questionnaire. The instrument used for this study was the revised Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist and Pender, revised Climacteric Symptoms Scale developed by Chi, Sung Ai, and the Beck's Depression Inventory(BID). The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean score of health promoting behaviors was low(2.42+/-0.35). There were statistically significant difference in the score of health promoting behaviors according to the educational background, family income, marital satisfaction, and whether or not taking a restorative food(t=-2.07, F=2.60~7.57, p<0.05). 2. The mean score of self-reported climacteric symptoms was 1.69 ; 99% of middle-aged women had symptoms. There were statistically significant difference in the score of middle-aged women's self-reported climacteric symptoms according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving hormone replacement therapy(HRT) or consultation experience with a professional, and perceived health status(t=-2.04~3.69, F=2.87~11.63, p<0.05). 3. The mean score of depression was 10.84. There were statistically significant differences in the score of the depression according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving menopausal treatment of consultation by a professional, and perceived health status(t=-2.25~3.00, F=3.50~9.24, p<0.05). 4. Women's degree of health promoting behaviors was a negative correlation with the degree of climacteric symptoms(r=-0.19, p=0.03) and the degree of depression(r=-0.23, p=0.01). The degree of climacteric symptoms was a positive correlation with the degree of depression(r=0.64, p=0.01). In conclusion, health promoting behavior should be considered when developing nursing strategies for middle-aged women, especially when dealing with climacteric symptoms and depression.

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The lived changing Body experience of Postmenopause women: Kyung Rim Shin; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):414-430. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.414

Abstract PDF

The main purpose of this study was to provide understanding of the meaning of post menopausal women's lived body changing experience. The methodological approach was guided by Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology: inquiring and investigating experience as it was lived rather than as conceptualized; reflecting and analyzing the essential themes which characterize the phenomenon; and describing the phenomenon through the art of writing and rewriting. Multiple strategies for data collecting were used : in depth face-to-face interview; analysis of women's writings ; artistic work ; and analysis of examples of phenomenon in art, literature, and drama. Although the experience was different for all of the women interviewed, essential themes of experience emerged ; Drifting through the years (solitude, in the twilight of life, loneliness, change of taste, forgetfulness, the sense of missing something), A walking weather forecast, Standing on the threshold of losing ki energy, Lately taking care of my body, Seized with fear all of a sudden, Keenly feeling to preciousness of life, Preferring comfortableness to prettiness, Wanting to recall my past years, A strong impulse to rechallenge life, Becoming more fond of friends. Findings from the artistic and creative inquiry further validated the interview findings and the meaning discovered. The study illuminated meaning and simultaneously validated the phenomenological research process. Essential themes for understanding women's experience, implications for education, research, and practice, direction and need for continuing inquiry were identified.

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The effectiveness of hand acupuncture and moxibustion in decreasing pain and “coldness” in Korea women who have had hysterectomy: a pilot study
Kyung Rim Shin, Soon Ae Kwak, Jung Bock Lee, Hye Ryeon Yi
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Nursing Education on Women’s Health Care in Australia, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand
Vickie A. Lambert, Clinton E. Lambert, John Daly, Patricia M. Davidson, Wipada Kunaviktikul, Kyung Rim Shin
Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2004; 15(1): 44. CrossRef

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Development of and Educational Program for the Management of Menopause and It's Effect: Ae Ri Song; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):280-290. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.280

Abstract PDF

The two objectives of this study were 1) to develop an educational program based on the Self-Efficacy Theory(SET) of Bandura, and 2) to investigate the effects of the educational program on the management of menopause. The investigation process of this study was done in two phases. The first phase was to development an educational program through video tape. A telephone coaching program served as a follow-up to the educational video program and provided encouragement and support to the subjects. The second phase was the experimental stage. This experimentation was conducted to determine whether an educational program based on theory of Bandura would increase self-efficacy and management of menopause. RESULTS: The developed video consisted of 2 parts. Part one discussed symptoms and management of menopause. Part two reflected the vicarious step-by-step success of middle-aged women's of menopause through the effective use of the 5 factors mentioned above. Telephone coaching program served as a followed to the educational video program and provided encouragement and support to the subjects. Total length of video is 32 minutes. Hypothesis stated in phase two were supported by the following result. Experimental group increased general-self-efficacy scores. Experimental group increased concrete-self-efficacy scores. Experimental group increased objective and subjective management of menopause scale.

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Structural Equation Modeling on Healthy Menopausal Transition
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Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on Abdominal Fat and Body Image in Post-menopausal Women: Hee Ja Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(4):603-612. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.4.603

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of aromatherapy massage on abdominal fat and body image in post-menopausal women.

Method

A Non-equivalent control group pre-post test Quasi-experimental design of random assignment was applied. All subjects received one hour of whole body massage as treatment by the same researcher every week for 6 weeks. Participants also massaged their own abdomen two times everyday for 5 days each week for 6 weeks. The two groups used different kinds of oil. The experimental group used 3% grapefruit oil, cypress and three other kinds of oil. The control group used grapeseed oil. Data was collected before and after the treatment using Siemens Somatom Sensation 4, a tape measure and MBSRQ. Data was analyzed by ANCOVA using the SPSS/PC+Win 12 Version.

Result

Abdominal subcutaneous fat and waist circumference in the experimental group significantly decreased after aromathetapy massage compared to the control group. Body image in the experimental group was significantly better after aromathetapy massage than in the control group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that Aromatheapy massage could be utilized as an effective intervention to reduce abdominal subcutaneous fat, waist circumference, and to improve body image in post-menopausal women.

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Effects of Walking on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Psychosocial Outcomes in Postmenopausal Obese Women: Sukhee Ahn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(4):519-528. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.4.519

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a moderate-intensity, walking exercise program on the body composition, blood lipids and psychosocial outcomes in postmenopausal obese women.

Methods

With a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design, a total of 36 postmenopausal obese women was recruited in 2 metropolitan areas by convenience sampling. Sixteen women participated in 1 hour of moderate-intensity walking exercise 5 days per week for 3 months and 20 women did not. Cardiovascular risk factors include body composition and blood lipids. Body composition was measured as body mass index, % body fat, and waist/hip ratio; Blood lipids were measured with total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL; psychosocial outcomes were evaluated by self-esteem and depression.

Results

Over 3 months, the score of self-esteem increased and depression decreased in the exercise group relative to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in body composition and blood lipids.

Conclusions

This study suggests that 3 months of moderate-intensity exercise training can improve psychosocial outcomes but further studies are needed to replicate walking exercise on physiologic variables among postmenopausal obese women. These findings are of public health relevance and add a new facet to the growing literature on the health benefits of moderate exercise.

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Prevalence and Determining Factors related to Depression Among Adult Women in Korea: Kyung Rim Shin, Chol Shin, Sun Young Park, Hye Ryeon Yi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1388-1394. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1388

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Korean women are likely to experience symptoms of depression, possibly due to socially fixed limitations on the roles that Korean women are expected to perform. Also if a Korean woman experinces negative relationship problem or stress in her family, she would feel responsible, which will worsen her depression. Nonetheless, much of the research on depression among Korean women has focused on menopausal women. This study aims to understand the depression of Korean women to provide fundamental data to develop nursing intervention method for promoting women's health.

Methods

The present investigation assessed the prevalence and correlates of depression in a large sample of Korean women, aged 18 or older, from the general population. With a probability sample of 3312 women drawn from two areas in Korea, a survey, which contains the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and background, was completed.

Results

According to CES-D classification criteria, 36.5% of the women in the sample displayed either no depression or mild depression, 55.6% exhibited moderate depression, and 7.8% manifested severe depression. Significant bivariate relationships were observed between depression and each measured background variable except alcohol use. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the strongest combination of predictors of depression included income, menopausal, and marital status.

Conclusion

The data support the premise that Korean women disproportionately experience elevated levels of depression. Consistent with the theory, depression may be related to social pressures to conform to the traditional roles. The study suggests the need for further research, primary prevention activities, and increased access to treatment.

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Evaluation of Anthropometric Characteristics, Bone Density, Food Intake Frequency, Nutrient Intakes, and Diet Quality of Preand Postmenopausal Women : Based on 2008∼2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Soon Nam Choi, Kwang Hyun Jho, Nam Yong Chung
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Hea Young Lee, Mi Sun Kim, OkSoo Kim, Il-Hyun Lee, Han-Kyoul Kim
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Epidemiology and Health.2010; 32: e2010009. CrossRef

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Effects of Dance Exercise on Exercise Intention and Exercise-related Affect of Postmenopausal Women: Mi Ra Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):1092-1096. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.1092

Abstract PDF: Purpose
A dance exercise program was performed to investigate the effects of exercise on exercise intention and exercise-related affect as these are important determinants of exercise behavior.
Method
The subjects were overweight (23≤or=BMI≤or=25) or obese (BMI≥or=25) postmenopausal women (n=14), who participated in an exercise program from May, 2003 through November, 2003 at one public health center located in Kyong-gi Province. Data was analyzed with an SAS PC program.
Result
Exercise intention was significantly increased after the exercise program (t=-2.24, P=0.04). Exercise-related affect was also increased, but there was no statistically significant change (t=1.81, P=0.09).
Conclusion
This study suggests that exercise participation can increase the level of future exercise behavior by increasing exercise intention and exercise-related affect.

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Association of Diet with Menopausal Symptoms in Korean Middle-aged Women: Young Joo Park, Hee Young Paik, Young Joo Kim, Sung Sook Hong, Mi Jin Kim, Ji Won Yoon, So Hyun Moon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(3):386-394. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.3.386

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was designed to explore the association of diet with menopausal symptoms in Korean women.

Method

For this cross-sectional survey, 276 women aged between 45-55 years visiting two branches of K-university hospital located in Seoul and Ansan of Kyunggi province were recruited from April to July, 2002. A menopause-specific quality-of-life questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire were used to measure menopause-related symptoms and the intake of 28 types of foods.

Result

No differences were found in the levels of bothersome total menopausal symptoms, physical symptoms, psychosocial symptoms, and sexual symptoms according to the intake of each food. Only higher intake of fishes, seaweeds, and vegetable oils were inversely associated with bothersome levels of vasomotor symptoms. Women with higher intake of yellow-green vegetables and lower intake of coffee, confectionery, and processed foods reported lower hot flush rate.

Conclusion

The results suggest that higher intake of yellow-green vegetables and lower intake of coffee, confectionery and processed foods may relieve hot flushes. Further study needs to be pursued to study the relationship with nutrients of these foods and hot flushes.

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Maryam Safabakhsh, Fereydoun Siassi, Fariba Koohdani, Mostafa Qorbani, Shahla Khosravi, Maryam Abshirini, Zahra Aslani, Farahnaz Khajehnasiri, Gity Sotoudeh
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Review Article

Effects of Aromatherapy on Menopausal Symptoms, Perceived Stress and Depression in Middle-aged Women: A Systematic Review: Shinmi Kim, Ji-Ah Song, Mi-Eun Kim, Myung-Haeng Hur; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(5):619-629. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.619

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was a systematic review to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy on menopausal symptoms, perceived stress and depression in middle aged-women.

Methods

Eight databases were searched from their inception September 8, 2015. Two reviewers independently performed the selection of the studies, data abstraction and validations. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane criteria. For analysis of the data, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed.

Results

From the electronic databases, 73 articles were selected, and 19 removed due to duplication. After two reviewers read the abstracts of 54 studies, 34 studies were selected. Complete papers for 34 original articles were read and, 12 studies which met selection criteria were reviewed and the effects of aromatherapy on menopausal symptoms, stress and depression analyzed using meta-analysis with RevMan. In the 2 studies which included Randomized Controlled Trials testing of aromatherapy on menopausal symptoms and comparison of control and placebo groups were done. Aromatherapy massage was favorably effective in reducing the menopausal symptoms compared to the control group (n=118, MD=-6.33; 95% CI -11.51 to -1.15), and compared to the placebo group (n=117, MD=-4.14; 95% CI -7.63 to -0.64). Also aromatherapy was effective in reducing stress (n=72, SMD=-0.64; 95% CI -1.12 to -0.17) and depression (n=158, MD=-5.63; 95% CI -10.04 to -1.22).

Conclusion

There is limited evidence suggesting that aromatherapy for middle-aged women may be effective in controlling menopausal symptoms, perceived stress and depression.

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Original Articles

Structural Equation Modeling on Healthy Menopausal Transition: Eunyoung Hong, Young Sil Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):64-75. Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.64

Abstract

Purpose

This study was designed to construct and test structural equation modeling on healthy menopausal transition in middle-aged women in order to identify variables affecting healthy menopausal transition.

Methods

Participants, 276 women, 45 to 60 years of age, with menopausal symptom score higher than 5 on the Korean version of Menopause Rating Scale, were recruited in three cities and one county of Gyeongnam Province. Research data were collected via questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS version 20.0.

Results

After confirmatory factor analysis, one of the observed variables was excluded due to relatively low factor loading. The model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: GFI=.93, CFI=.92, RMSEA=.05. Self-efficacy, self-differentiation, and menopausal symptoms explained 67.7% of variance in menopausal transition, and self-differentiation was the most influential factor for menopausal transition. Self efficacy and menopausal symptoms explained 9.6% of variance in menopausal management, although "menopausal symptoms" was not significant.

Conclusion

These results suggest that nursing interventions to improve self-differentiation, self efficacy, menopausal management and decrease menopausal symptoms are critical for healthy menopausal transition in middle-aged women. Continued development of a variety of community-based nursing interventions to facilitate healthy menopausal transition is suggested.

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A Predictive Model of Fall Prevention Behaviors in Postmenopausal Women: Hyun-Jung Jang, Sukhee Ahn; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):525-533. Published online October 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.525

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was done to propose and test a predictive model that would explain and predict fall prevention behaviors in postmenopausal women. The health belief model was the theoretical basis to aid development of a nursing intervention fall prevention program.

Methods

Data for 421 postmenopausal women were selected from an original data set using a survey design. The structural equation model was tested for 3 constructs: modifying factors, expectation factors, and threat factors. Expectation factors were measured as relative perceived benefit (perceived benefit minus perceived barrier), self-efficacy, and health motivation; threat factors, as perceived susceptibility (fear of falling) and perceived severity (avoiding activity for fear of falling); and modifying factors: level of education and knowledge about fall prevention. Data were analyzed using SPSS Windows and AMOS program.

Results

Mean age was 55.7 years (range 45-64), and 19.7% had experienced a fall within the past year. Fall prevention behaviors were explained by expectation and threat factors indicating significant direct effects. Mediating effect of health beliefs was significant in the relationship between modifying factors and fall prevention behaviors. The proposed model explained 33% of the variance.

Conclusion

Results indicate that fall prevention education should include knowledge, expectation, and threat factors based on health belief model.

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Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer on Hormone Therapy: Eunkyung Hwang, Myungsun Yi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(1):108-117. Published online February 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.1.108

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify degrees of pain, menopause symptoms, and quality of life, and to identify factors influencing quality of life of patients with breast cancer who were on hormone therapy.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. Data were collected using questionnaires from 110 patients with breast cancer who had been on hormone therapy for 3 months or more and were being treated at a university hospital in Seoul. Data were analyzed using χ²-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression.

Results

Mean age of the participants was 53.56 (SD=6.67) and 54 (51.4%) had stage 0 or I at the time of diagnosis. Most of the participants reported having pain and menopause symptoms (88.2% and 95.5% respectively). The mean score for quality of life was 87.84±21.17. Pain, menopause symptoms and quality of life had strong correlations with each other (p<.005). Quality of life was explained by menopause symptoms (β= -.71), economic status (β=.20) and occupation (β=.16).

Conclusion

The results of the study suggest that menopause symptoms should be incorporated into oncologic nursing care to improve quality of life of patients with breast cancer on hormone therapy.

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Effects of Web-based Health Education on Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure Improvement in Postmenopausal Women with Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose: Jeong-Ah Oh, Hee-Seung Kim, Min-Jeong Park, Hye-Sun Shim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):724-731. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.724

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention that used both cellular phones and the Internet to provide a short messaging service (SMS) relating to blood glucose, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

Methods

Twenty-eight postmenopausal women were assigned to an intervention group and twenty-one postmenopausal women to a control group. The intervention was provided for 12 weeks. Patients in the intervention group were asked to access a web site by using a cellular phone or to use the Internet directly and input their blood glucose and blood pressure levels weekly. Participants were sent the optimal recommendations weekly by both cellular phone and Internet.

Results

The intervention group had a mean decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) level of 8.1 mmHg but changes for the control group were not significant. There was a significant mean change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level for the intervention group (-7.7 mmHg). The mean change in the control group was not significant.

Conclusion

This educational intervention using the Internet and a SMS by cellular phone improved levels of SBP and DBP in postmenopausal women with IFG.

Citations

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International Journal of Medical Informatics.2012; 81(6): 388. CrossRef

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Health Perception, Body Image, Sexual Function and Depression in Menopausal Women according to Menopausal Stages: Jung Hee Kim, Hyun Sook Moon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(3):449-456. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.3.449

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of health perception, body image and sexual function on depression according to the menopausal stage in Korean middle aged women.

Methods

Subjects were 182 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women who had not received hormonal replacement therapy. A five-item General HealthShort Form (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) was used to measure health perception. Body image was measured Semantic Differential scale, CES-D was used to measure the level of depression, and sexual function was measured by FSFI.

Results

The subjects rated their health as ‘moderate’, their body image as ‘moderate, and level of depression as ‘high’. However, there were no significant differences in health perception, body image, and depression between perimenopasual and postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women experienced lower levels of sexual function than perimenopausal women in sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. In stepwise regression analysis, 21.7% of variance in depression was shown to be perceived health and body image in postmenopausal women. However, in perimenopausal women, perceived health and sexual function explained 34.5% of variance in depression.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that nurses must consider the menopasusal stage when counseling their patients.

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