The objective of the study was to determine the degree of social support and the quality of life of the 200 colostomy patients who are members of the Korea Ostomy Association. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire which was distributed Fourty six Percent of the 200 colostomy patients returned the questionnaire during the period from Mar. 3-Mar. 31. 1986. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The score of the social support was 93.4598 (S.D 20.1787) and the highest score for respect from, other people was 102.00. 2. The mean score of the quality of life was 3.11 (S.D. 0.58) The highest score for full attention received from the family was 3. 85 and the lowest score for insufficient sexual activity was 2.34. 3. The correlation between social support and the quality of life was (r=. 1787, p<. 05) when the quality of life score was high the social support score was also high. 4. The variables that were found to have a significant correlation to the social support were age (r=.2039, p<. 05) and number of people who-could help them (r=.2847 p<.01) 5. The variables that were found to have a significant correlation to the Quality of life were the level of the living standard (F=4.534, P< . 05) and the individuals perception of their health status(f=18.943, p<.001) =Recommendations= The results of this study show that there is a significant correlation between the social support of the individual and the quality of life. It is important for nurses to support self-help groups of colostomy patients as this will contribute highly to the betterment of the quality of the life of patients who have colostomies.

Nursing of today has as one of its objectives the solving of problems related to human needs arising from the demands of a rapidly changing society. This nursing objective, I bilieve, can be attained by the appropriate application of scientific principles in the giving of comprehensive nursing care. Compre- hensive nursing care may be defined as nursing care which meets all of the patient's needs. the needs of patients atr said to fall into five broad categoried: physical needs, psychological needs, environmental needs, socio-economic needs, and teaching needs. Most people who become ill have adjustment problems related to their new situation. Because patient teaching is on of the most important functions of professional nursing, the success of this teaching may be used as a gauge for evaluating comprehensive nursing care. This represents a challenge for the future. A questionnaire consisting of 67 items was distributed to 200 professional nurses working in direct patient care at Yonsei University Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. 160(80.0%) nurses of the total sample returned completed questionnaires 81(50.6%) nurses were graduates of 3 year diploma courses 79(49.4%) nurses were graduateds of 4 year collegiate nursing schools in Korea 141(88.1%) nurses had nuder 5 yeard of clinical experience in a medical center, while 19(11.9%) nurses had more than 5years of clinical experience. Three hypotheses were tested: 1. "Nurses had high levels of concept and knowledge toward patient teaching"-This was demonstrated by the use of a statistical method, the mean average. 2. "Nurses graduating from collegiage programs and diploma school programe of nursing show differences in concepts and knowledge towardpatient teaching". This was demonstrated by a statistical method, the in concepts and knowledge the results showed little difference between the two groups. 3. "Nurses having different amounts of clinical experience showed differences in concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching"-This was demonstrated by the use of the T-test. Conclusions of this study are as follow: Before attempting the explanation, of the results, the questionnaire will explained, The questionnaire contained 67 questions divided into 9 secitions. These sections were: concept, content, time, prior preparation, method, purpose, condition, evaluation, and recommendations for patient teaching. 1. The nurse's concept of patient teaching: Most of the nurses had high levels of concepts and knowledge toward patient teaching. Though nursing service was task-centered at the turn of the century, the emphasis today is put on patient-centered nursing. But we find some of the nurses(39.4%) still are task-centered. After patient teaching, only a few of the nurses(14.4%) checked this as "normal teaching." It seems therefore that patient teaching is often done unconsciously. Accordingly it would be desirable to have correct concepts and knowledge of teaching taught in schools of nursing. 2. Contents of patient teaching: Most nurses(97.5%) had good information about content of patient teaching. They teach their patients during admission abu their diseases, tests, treatments, and before discharge give nurses instruction about simple nursing care. personal hygiene, special diets, rest and sleep, elimination etc. 3. Time of patient teaching: Teaching can be accomplished even if there is no time set aside specifically for it. -a large part of the nurse's teaching can be done while she is giving nursing care. If she believes she has to wait for time free from other activities, she may miss many teaching opportunities. But generally proper time for patient teaching is in the midmorning or midafternoen since one and a half or two hours required. Nurses meet their patients in all stages sof health: often the patient is in a condition in which learning is imposible-pain, mental confusion, debilitation, loss of sensory perception, fear and anxiety-any of these conditions may preclude the posibility of successful teaching. 4. Prior preparation for patient teaching: The teaching aids, nurses use are charts(53.1%), periodicals(23.8%), and books(7.0%) Some of the respindents(28.1%) reported that they had had good preparation for the teaching which they were doing, others(27.5%) reported adequate preparation, and others(43.8%) reported that their preparation for teaching was inadequate. If nurses have advance preparation for normal teaching and are aware of their objectives in teaching patients, they can do effective teaching. 5. Method of patient teaching: The methods of individual patient teaching, the nurses in this study used, were conversation(55.6%) and individual discussion(19.2%). And the methods of group patient teaching they used were demonst- ration(42.3%) and lecture(26.2%) They should also be prepared to use pamplet and simple audio-visual aids for their teaching. 6. Purposes of patient teaching: The purposes of patient teaching is to help the patient recover completely, but the majority of the respondents(40.6%) don't know this. So it is necessary for them to understand correctly the purpose of patient teaching and nursing care. 7. Condition of patient teaching: The majority of respondents(75.0%) reported there were some troubles in teaching uncooperative patients. It would seem that the nurse's teaching would be improved if, in her preparation, she was given a better understanding of the patient and communication skills. The majority of repondents in the total group, felt teaching is their responsibility and they should teach their patient's family as well as the patient. The place for teaching is most often at the patient's bedside(95.6%) but the conference room(3.1%) is also used. It is important that privacy be provided in learning situations with involve personal matters. 8. Evaluation of patient teaching: The majority of repondents(76.3%) felt teaching is a highly syetematic and organized function requiring spccial preparation in a college or university, they have the idea that teaching is a continuous and ever-present activity of all people throughout their lives. The suggestion mentioned the most frequently for improving preparation was a course in patient teaching included in the basic nursing program. 9. Recommendations: 1) It is recommended, that in clinical nursing, patient teaching be emphasized. 2) It is recommended, that inservice education the concepts and purposes of patient teaching be renewed for all nurses. In addition to this new knowledge, methods and materials which can be applied to patient teaching should be given also. 3) It is recommended, in group patient teaching, we try to embark on team teaching.

There is no national system to manage, evaluate, and analyse the information about accidents, even though it is necessary for accident prevention policies and health promotion of the general public. The existing studies are, also limited as they focus only on particular group (for example: inpatients, emergency room patients) or on particular geographic areas. Thus the results of the studies cannot be applied to the general public. In order to overcome these limitations, this research focuses on data collection and analysis from accident information for the general population. By providing the analysis on types and causes of accidents, this research aims to produce the basic data neccesary for accident prevention policy development. The specific aims of this research are to: 1. Analyse the actual occurrences and characteristics of accidents. 2. Suggest for the accident prevention policies and safety education. Accident report form three major newspaper printed in Korea between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1993 were collected, and the cause, place, time, and personal injury related to the accidents were classified and then analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results of this research conclude: 1. The number of accidents reported by the three newspapers were 2155. 2. The highest proportion of accidents were as follows; occurred during the June-August(31. 2%), Sunday (24.8%), and 5 p.m. (7.6%) of the day. 3. The highest proportion of the accident occurred in Seoul(33.1%), Kyunggi province (14.5%), Kangwon province(7.8%), and Kyungnam province6.7%) were next highest. 4. The main causes include car accidents (32.4%), drowning(10.9%), falls(8.8%), explosion(7.1%), and poisoning (5.8%). 5. Slightly more than half of injuries(50.5%) and about two fifths of deaths(40.3%) were caused by car accidents. Therefore, the most serious type of accidents were car accidents. 6. The number of males in accidents were almost three times higher than that of females (males: 72.3%, females :27.7%). 7. The age group from 10 to 19 years old represents the highest proportion(21%) of accidents. 8. The number of the accidents in Korea, based on the information collected from the newspapers, is estimated to be 14,367 per year. The number of injuries is estimated to be 88,480 persons, and the number of deaths 29,007 respectively. It is said that ninety percent of accidents can be prevented. Several accidents prevention policies are suggested here. 1. Safety education should be done more actively throughtout life, with special emphasis on safety education for children. 2. Safety measures for children(halmets for cycling, children car seats, seats belts, and so on) should be emphasized. 3. An injury surveillance system should be initiated. The initiation of injury reporting system in each factory and school could contribute considerably to the reduction of accidents.

This study is based on grounded theory methodology by Strauss & Corbin(1998). Ten hospitalized subjects were interviewed for data collection. In the process of data analysis, 'acceptance' is found to be the causal condition, while 'health professionals' skillfulness', 'ward environment', 'history of hospitalization', and 'general conditions' were identified as context, 'felling of relief' as the core phenomenon, 'self-efficacy', 'support of others', and 'life style' as the intermediate situation, 'passive reaction', 'alternative reaction' and 'active reaction' as the strategy and 'stabilization', 'satisfaction', 'hope' and 'carrying out' as consequences. 'Feeling of relief' is found to go through the three stages of recognition-generation-maintenance after the five different patterns. 1) In case the health professionals are skillful, the ward environment is favorable, the general conditions of the patients improved and as a result the feeling of relief is strong, during the first hospitalization, the self-efficacy of the subjects tends to be strong. They proceed toward the goal set for themselves with a renewed hope and active or alternative reaction toward the feeling of relief. 2) The subjects tend to proceed toward the goal set for themselves with a renewed hope and active and alternative reaction toward the feeling of relief in case health professionals are skillful, the ward environment is favorable the general conditions of the subjects improved, self-efficacy is strong, and lifestyle is autonomous, during the second hospitalization even though support of others is merely superficial. 3) The subjects tend to stabilize, and satisfy themselves with the given situation with passive and alternative reaction to the feeling of relief in case health professionals are skillful and the ward environment is favorable but the general conditions worsened and accordingly the feeling of relief, is weak and life style is dependent during the second hospitalization although the subjects' self-efficacy is strong and support of others is specific. 4) The subjects tend to stabilize and satisfy themselves with the given situation with passive and alternative reaction to the feeling of relief in case health professionals are unskillful the ward environment is unfavorable, the general conditions improved, support of others is specific but life style is dependent and self-efficacy is weak during the first hospitalization. 5) The subjects tend to stabilize and satisfy themselves with the given situation in case health professionals are unskillful the ward environment is unfavorable but the general conditions improved support of others is specific and as a result self-efficacy is strong but life style is dependent.