The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on burnout of clinical nurses based on CS-CF model.

A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 557 clinical nurses. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The modified hypothetical model yielded the following χ²=289.70, p<.001, RMSEA=.09, GFI=.93, TLI=.91, CFI=.94, PCFI=.65, AIC=363.21, SRMR=.05 or less and showed good fit indices. Nursing work environment, patient safety culture and resilience showed indirect effects on burnout while compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction had direct effects.

Results of this study suggest that compassion fatigue must be decreased and compassion satisfaction has to be increased, while burnout is lowered by enhancing the clinical nursing work environment, patient safety culture and resilience. In addition, more variables and longitudinal studies are necessary to validate the clear cause-and-effect relationship between the relevant variables.

This study was done to explore the process of accepting CATs among nurses who experienced CATs in Korea.

Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Data were collected from 10 nurses during individual in-depth interviews. Theoretical sampling was used until the data reached saturation. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method.

The core category emerged as "resolving the doubt and integrating" explaining the process of accepting CATs. The nurses engaged in three stages: need awareness, look for solution and integration. Causal conditions were interest as a nursing intervention and orthodox medical limitations. Context was lack of basis for application and increase in social interest. Strategies were new knowledge acquisition, having a strong will, combined with existing knowledge, and individualized intervention. Intervening conditions were others' eye, exhaustion for nurses and physical environment. Consequences were expanding of the nursing role and improved nurse satisfaction.

The results of the study should facilitate application of CATs in nursing practice. To help nurses who are interested in CATs, there is a need for education programs, and further research on CATs.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of compassion satisfaction and social support in the relationship between compassion fatigue and burnout among hospital nurses.

The participants were 430 nurses working in general hospitals. Data were collected with self-administrated questionnaires and analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression.

(a) Compassion fatigue had a significant positive effect on burnout; (b) social support and compassion satisfaction had negative effects on burnout, and (c) social support and compassion satisfaction did not moderate the effects of compassion fatigue on burnout.

These findings provide strong empirical evidence for the importance of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and social support in explaining burnout of nurses. Also, it would be of great value to further define compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction even though these concepts are not accepted in the realities of health care.