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• Endocrinological Evaluations of Brief Hand Massages in Palliative Care
  Iwao Osaka, Yukie Kurihara, Keiko Tanaka, Hisayoshi Nishizaki, Shigeru Aoki, Isamu Adachi
  The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2009; 15(9): 981.     CrossRef
• Effects of hand massage on anxiety in cataract surgery using local anesthesia
  Man Soo Kim, Kyung Sook Cho, Heung-Myong Woo, Jae Ho Kim
  Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.2001; 27(6): 884.     CrossRef
• The effect of expressive physical touch on patients with dementia
  E.J Kim, M.T Buschmann
  International Journal of Nursing Studies.1999; 36(3): 235.     CrossRef

The agitation of dementia patient is a factor which aggravates the care-givers' burdon, and it is needed to develop intervention methods. Hall and Buckwalter hypothesized that an increase in agitation behavior occur when persons experience high levels of stress. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of hand massage in producing relaxation and decreasing agitation behaviors in persons with dementia. Hand massage was administered once a day in afternoon for 8days to 24 patients and 4days to 23 patients. There was no difference in result between the two groups. Significant differences were found in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, emotional state from pre to post -intervention with the use of hand massage. The change of systolic blood pressure was 26% explained by ADL, MMSE-K and institutionalized period. The most significant variable was institutionalized period. The change of diastolic blood pressure was 11% explained by ADL, and it was significant. But no decrease in agitation behavior was observed and no increase in functional capacity.

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• Effectiveness of Hand Massage Combined with Analgesics on Pain Control in Patients with Terminal Cancer
  Yunmi Lee, Hosoon Yoon, Sungwoon Lee, Young Mi Kim
  The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2016; 19(4): 296.     CrossRef
• Effects of Hand Massage with Nail Art on Depression, Self-esteem, and Vital signs of Elderly Women living in a Nursing Home
  Joo Hyun Kim, Hye Jin Hyun, So Yean Kang, Hye Ri Nam, Mi Jin Shin, Hyun Jung Lee, Young Ran Chae
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016; 18(3): 169.     CrossRef
• Effects of Upper Meridian Massage on Cerebral Blood flow, Emotions, and Sleep of the Institutionalized Elderly
  Dong Choon Uhm, Mi Jung Nam
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(2): 171.     CrossRef
• Effects of Head and Neck Massage on Anxiety, Pain, and Discomfort in Hysterectomy Patients
  Eun-Young Kim, Euy-Soon Choi
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Conversation between Elderly Patients with Dementia and Nurses: Focusing on Structure and Sequential Patterns
  Myungsun Yi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 166.     CrossRef
• Effects of Aroma Hand Massage On Sleep, Depression and Quality of Life in the Institutionalized Elderly Women
  Soon Yi Seo, So Young Chang
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 372.     CrossRef
• Effects of Aroma Hand Massage on Pain, State Anxiety and Depression in Hospice Patients with Terminal Cancer
  So Young Chang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(4): 493.     CrossRef
• Touch-Stress Model and Alzheimer's Disease
  Eun Joo Kim, Marybeth Tank Buschmann
  Journal of Gerontological Nursing.2004; 30(12): 33.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hand massage as a nursing intervention on the anxiety of the hysterectomy patients in immediately prior to surgery. The method of this study was Nonequivalent Control Group Non-Synchronized Design. The data were selected from at K university hospital in Pusan, and they consisted of Experimental group-25 patients, Control group -24 patients. The data were collected from Jan. 4 to Jan. 30 in 1999. The subjects' self-reports of anxiety (measured by the Spielberger Trait-State anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scale developed by Cline et al.) were recorded before and immediately after the intervention. The objective physiologic measures of blood pressure and pulse rate. The collected data were analysed by means of frequency, percentage, standard deviation, chi- square test, t-test, ANCOVA with SPSS program. The results of this study were as following; 1. Hypothesis 1: The 1st hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the state anxiety level just before surgery in the experimental group and control group" was supported(P= .000). 2. Hypothesis 2: The 2nd hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the visual analogue scale score just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported(P= .000). 3. Hypothesis 3: The 3rd hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure level just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported (P= .003, P= .041). 4. Hypothesis 4: The 4th hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the pulse rate just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported(P= .004). In conclusion, hand massage is a benefical nursing intervention that alleviates the psychological, physiological anxiety of the hysterectomy patients in immediately prior to surgery. therefore it is recomended to use the hand massage as a nursing intervention for patients undergoing anxiety. The results of this study appear promising, additional research is recomended to further the appropriate uses of hand massage in nursing practice for this and other patient population.

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• The Effects of Hand Massage in Patients Who Underwent Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  Eun Sil Shin, Myung-Hee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(4): 465.     CrossRef
• Effects of Hand Massage on Depression, Self-esteem and Vitality of the Elderly Patients in Convalescent Hospital
  Hye-Jeong Kim, Kang-Yi Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(2): 202.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Hand Holding and Nei-Guan Acupressure on Anxiety and Pain under Local Anesthetic Patients during Surgery
  Sun Hee Park, Hee Jung Jang
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(11): 378.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Studies on Hand Massage Published in Korea: On the Effects of Sleep, Pain, Anxiety and Depression
  In-Ja Kim, Yu-Na Cho
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2012; 15(1): 47.     CrossRef
• Effects of Head and Neck Massage on Anxiety, Pain, and Discomfort in Hysterectomy Patients
  Eun-Young Kim, Euy-Soon Choi
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Cognitive-Behavioral Nursing Intervention on Anxiety and Depression in Women with Breast Cancer undergoing Radiotherapy
  Myung-Sook Yoo, Haejung Lee, Jung-A Yoon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(2): 157.     CrossRef

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a hand massage program on anxiety and immune function in patients during cataract surgery. The hand massage program, in this study, consisted of hand massage and hand-holding. The subjects were sixty-three patients, thirty for the experimental and thirty-three for the control group, who were admitted at Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital for cataract surgery. This study was carried out from December 10, 1997 to February 26, 1998. The level of anxiety as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before, after hand massage, and after hand-holding. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, blood sugar levels, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and natural killer cell percentages also were measured before hand massage and five minutes before the end of the operation. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANCOVA, repeated measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. The results were as follows : 1) After hand massage, psychological anxiety levels decreased significantly compare with before hand massage in the experimental group, not in the control group. After hand holding, there were significant decrease in both groups. 2) There were no significant differences on systolic blood pressure, diastorlc blood pressure, and pulse rates in both groups. 3) The hand massage program decreased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol significantly in the experimental group and increased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in the control group. 4) There were no differences in blood sugar levels, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages in white blood cells after the hand massage program. However, natural killer cells in lymphocytes were significantly increased in the experimental group. These findings indicate that a hand massage program could be a effective nursing intervention in decreasing the psychological and physiological anxiety levels and improving immune function in clients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia.

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  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2001; 35(3): 407.     CrossRef

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• Effects of the Provision of Information on Anxiety in Patients during Outpatient Surgery: A Systematic Review
  Ae-Ri Jung, In-Sook Lee
  Perspectives in Nursing Science.2016; 13(1): 48.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Hand Massage Combined with Analgesics on Pain Control in Patients with Terminal Cancer
  Yunmi Lee, Hosoon Yoon, Sungwoon Lee, Young Mi Kim
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• The Effect of Hand Holding and Nei-Guan Acupressure on Anxiety and Pain under Local Anesthetic Patients during Surgery
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  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2012; 15(1): 47.     CrossRef
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