PURPOSE: This study attempted to grasp the significance of high school boys smoking experiences, and to define its structure, then utilizing the results to create effective nursing intervention in order to protect students from smoking habit. METHOD: This study is based on a phenomenological approach. A group of eight male high school students who had experience in smoking were selected as the subject of this study. Intimate interview with participatory observation were carried out from them and the
result
ed data were analyzed by Giorgi's method as below. Result: The male high school students' smoking experiences were found to be a direct result from the environments around them and misty curiosity, masculinity, maintenance of close relations with peers, habitualness, stress relief, and concealment from the family. CONCLUSION: The result indicates that the male high school students' smoking, especially in an aspect from its starting point, motivational perspective, attitudes, and recent increasing rate of the juvenile smoking should be recognized as one of the problems that should be resolved. Concurrently, programs for preventing and quitting smoking should be started from the early stage of childhood as possible.

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of teenagers' perceptions to bullies according to the classification types of Q-methodology. The results of the analysis were classified in 5 types. Type 1, which was the type geared foward solution, showed that they expressed a strong attitude of sympathy and protection towards the victim. However, they had harbored rage and hostile feelings against the assaulter. For example, when they witnessed the bully in action, they positively intervened in the situation. Type 2, which was the observer type, showed that they thought the victims were to blame for their misfortune. Also, when a friend who was left out in the cold by his classmates, they were just watched without showing any special interest. Type 3, which was the type of conflict, indicated that they believed that the both the victim and the assaulter should have responsibility. In contrast to the previous type, they had sympathy for the friend who was left out in the cold by his classmates, they had the dual feeling that intended to use the bully under the situation with his friend. Type 4, which was the type of assenting, indicated that they assumed an indifferent attitude to the situation, while they implied assenting to the situation of the friend who had a bad relationship with them. Type 5, which was the negative type, showed that they had the negative view to the situation of bully itself so that they did not recognize the bully as the method of revenge for whatever reason. The results of the study showed that the bully increased the factor of stress to school life of the victim or assaulter, even in the subjective position. The perception of the bully should change according to the characteristics of the types of people and it is necessary to study how to cope with the situations.

Socialization is the process of moving from one social role to another by gaining knowledge, skills and behaviors to participate in a group. Nurses who graduate from nursing school, enter the work force, and develop a career undergo socialization as they become insiders in the hospital. This study was designed to identify experiences of the nurses' socialization process in the hospital setting. The subjects were 6 nurses. Data were collected by recording and transcribing interviews and analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss and Corbin(1990). The core category in the analysis of the experiences of nurses' socialization process was "being beyond". In the process of data analysis, 22 categories were identified. These categories were again grouped into 13. Based upon these results, it is recommended that development of resocialization models to establish nursing identity are necessary.

By using Q-methodology, this study examines the attitudes of pregnant womens' husbands toward breastfeeding. Also, the research provides basic data necessary to develop a strategy for recommending breastfeeding. A total of 112 items for the Q-population were collected from related literature and interviews with the general public, specialists, pregnant women and the general public, specialists, pregnant women and their husbands. Finally, 38 statements were selected. Twenty one husbands of pregnant women classified these statements on each card on a 1 to 9 point scale(forced normal distribution) and wrote the reasons for both the most supported and the mos resisted statements. The materials collected were analyzed by using pc QUANL program. The analysis drew down following fact that even though the attitudes of the husbands of pregnant were very similar, they could be classified to three types according to the motivation and recognition the degree of choosing breastfeeding. Type 1 is the mother's duty supporter, who insists that breastfeeding is completely natural and the proper duty of the mother. Type 2 is the emotional value supporter, who thinks that breastfeeding emotionally affects both the baby and the mother in a positive way. Type 3 is the conditional choice supporter, who chooses the most proper suckling way of feeding according to given conditions.