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Experience of Peer Support Work among People with Mental Illness in the Community: A Grounded Theory Approach
Hyun, Myung Sun , Kim, Hyunlye , Nam, Kyoung A , Kim, Su Young
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):187-201.   Published online April 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21208
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study discovered a substantive theory of the experience and process of peer support work among people with mental illness.
Methods
The participants were members of community-based mental health facilities and had been working as peer supporters for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve participants and analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach.
Results
The core category was “becoming a healer going with patients in the journey of recovery,” and the core phenomenon was “identity confusion as a peer supporter.” The causal conditions were “starting peer support work without certainty” and “standing at the boundary between the therapist and patient.” The intervening conditions were “willingness to become a successful peer supporter,” “feeling a sense of homogeneity with the patient,” “accepting the mental illness,” and “support from people around.” The action and interaction strategies were “letting go of greed,” “being open about oneself,” “developing professional skills,” “maintaining wellness in the body and mind,” and “being with the patient.” The consequences were “becoming a useful person,” “changing attitude toward life,” “expansion of the sense of self-existence,” “recovering from mental illness,” and “discovering a role as peer supporter.” Finally, the substantive theory of “becoming a healer going with patients in the journey of recovery” was derived.
Conclusion
This study provides a holistic understanding of peer support work and the implications of interventions to help people with mental illness in a person-centered recovery process.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A model for the involvement of service users as instructors into the psychiatric nursing curriculum in Korea: A qualitative study on participation experience
    Suyoun Ahn, Soyoung Shin, Jaewon Joung
    International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(4): 917.     CrossRef
  • Experience of Mental Health Professionals Collaborating with Peer Supporters in a Community Mental Health Service Team
    Sowon Lee, Boyoung Kim, Chung Kil Park
    International Journal of Mental Health Promotion.2024; 26(4): 251.     CrossRef
  • Experience of Peer Supporters for Patients with Schizophrenia
    Hae Kyung Jo, Se Na Ryu
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(3): 280.     CrossRef
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Nurses’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Crisis
Lee, Jung-Hoon , Song, Yeoungsuk
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):689-702.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21160
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a situation-specific theory to explain nurses’ experiences of the COVID-19 crisis.
Methods
The participants were 16 hospital nurses who experienced the COVID-19 crisis. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews from September 2, 2020 to January 20, 2021. Transcribed interview contents were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method.
Results
A total of 38 concepts and 13 categories were identified through an open coding process. The core category found was becoming a pioneering nurse who turns crises into opportunities. The causal conditions were the chaos of being exposed defenselessly to an unexpected pandemic, fear caused by a nursing care field reminiscent of a battlefield, and moral distress from failing to protect patients’ human dignity. The contextual conditions were feeling like the scapegoat of the hospital organization, increasing uncertainty due to the unpredictable state of COVID-19, and relative deprivation due to inappropriate treatment. The central phenomenon was suffering alone while experiencing the dedication of the COVID-19 hero image. The action/interactional strategy were efforts to find a breakthrough and getting the nurse’s mind right, and the intervening conditions were gratitude for those who care for broken hearts and getting used to myself with repetitive work. The Consequences were becoming an independent nurse and frustration with the unchanging reality.
Conclusion
This study provides the foundation for the nurse's situation-specific theory of the COVID-19 crisis by defining the crisis perceived by nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients and suggesting types of coping with the crisis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Moderating Effect of Calling in the Relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress and Turnover Intention of Nurses Who Cared for COVID-19 Patients
    Min Ju Woo, Bu Kyung Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 75.     CrossRef
  • The mediating and moderating role of recovery experience between occupational stress and turnover intention in nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19
    Junghoon Lee, Junekyu Kim, Hong‐A Lim, Yeoungsuk Song
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(4): 1470.     CrossRef
  • Improving Emerging Infectious Disease Control Based on the Experiences of South Korean Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review
    Ha-Young Park, In-Sun Yeom
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Depression Among Nurses in General Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Job Demands, Post-traumatic Stress, and Social and Organizational Support
    Si Hyun Baek, Jeong-Hee Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 306.     CrossRef
  • An Integrated Review of Difficulties and Response Strategies Experienced by Korean Nurses during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Based on Qualitative Research
    Jayoung YOU, Dan Bi CHO
    Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2024; 27(1): 27.     CrossRef
  • Experience of Clinical Adaptation among Nurses in Intensive Care Unit
    Jin Young Hong, Sue Kyung Sohn
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Nurses’ intention to care of COVID-19 patients in hospitals dedicated to infectious disease in South Korea: application of the theory of planned behavior and verification of the moderating effect of ethical nursing competence
    Mira Mo, Seongmi Moon, Eun Kyeung Song
    BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Person-Centered Care among Nurses in COVID-19 Special Care Units at Tertiary General Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
    Kisook Kim, Sunmi Kwon
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(2): 127.     CrossRef
  • Perceptions of Healthcare Safety Nets among Tertiary Hospital and Long-Term Care Hospital Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Q-Methodological Approach
    Bom-Mi Park, Mi Young Chon, Hyun-Jung Lee
    Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2732.     CrossRef
  • Burnout and Its Associated Factors Among COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers
    Hyeonseok Oh, Euihyun Kwak, So Yeon Hyun, Songeun Lee, Suk-Hyun Lee, In Mok Oh, Minyoung Sim
    Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2023; 62(4): 199.     CrossRef
  • Experiences of Psychiatric Nurses Working in a Closed Psychiatric Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Ji Young Kim, Hyun Kyung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(4): 374.     CrossRef
  • Parenting Experience of Shift Nurses With Elementary School-Aged Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study
    Jeung-Im Kim, Mi-Youn Jang, A-Ri Song, Jung-Eun Yu, Myung-Sook Baik
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2023; 27(3): 154.     CrossRef
  • Influence of COVID 19 on Nursing Students’ Career Identity: A Cross-sectional Study
    Na-geong Kim, Hye-Ryeon Park
    The Open Nursing Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Job Stress, Social Support, and Infection Control Fatigue on Professional Quality of Life among Nurses in Designated COVID-19 Hospitals
    Minyoung Shin, Woojoung Joung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(5): 603.     CrossRef
  • Burnout among Nurses in COVID-19 Designated Units Compared with Those in General Units Caring for Both COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients
    Kyung Ah Woo, Eun Kyoung Yun, JiSun Choi, Hye Min Byun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 374.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Anxiety and Calling on Professional Quality of Life in COVID-19 Dedicated Nurses in Korea
    Minjung Moon, Kyoungsan Seo
    Healthcare.2022; 10(9): 1797.     CrossRef
  • An Exploratory Study on Current Nursing Issues in the COVID-19 era through Newspaper Articles: The Application of Text Network Analysis
    Young Joo Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(3): 307.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Experiences of Nurse Managers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Hyunjin Jang, Eun-Mi An, Ki-Eun Kim, Yoounjoong Jung, Youjung Choi, Sue Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(4): 460.     CrossRef
  • An Analysis of Tasks of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in a Nationally-Designated Inpatient Treatment Unit
    Minho Jung, Moon-Sook Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Kyung Yi Lee, Yeon-Hwan Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(4): 391.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Post-traumatic Growth of Nurses at Nationally Designated Infectious Disease Hospital
    Ji Eun Oh, Ju Young Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(5): 499.     CrossRef
  • 568 View
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  • 5 Web of Science
  • 20 Crossref
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Job Retention Process among Working People with Mental Illness: A Grounded Theory Approach
Hyun, Myung Sun , Nam, Kyoung A , Kim, Hyunlye , Kim, Su Young
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):320-333.   Published online June 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21016
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The study was conducted to explore the experiences of job retention among working people with mental illness.
Methods
The participants were members with mental illness at the S Community Mental Health Center in Gyeonggi Province and who had been working for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 participants between June 27 and August 20, 2018. The data were analyzed through Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method.
Results
The core category was struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. The core phenomenon was the desire to be a productive person, and the causal condition was the willingness to change for a purposeful life. The action and interaction strategies included maintaining regular living patterns, maintaining medication, developing one’s tips for self-management, and self-approval. The intervening conditions were difficulties in forming social relationships, presence of symptoms, social resources, and acceptance of one’s mental illness. The consequences were restoration of family relationships, healthy pleasure through work, social inclusion, development of self-worth, and transition to an independent person.
Conclusion
Working people with mental illness are struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. This study suggests that a holistic understanding of the job retention experience among people with mental illness is required. The findings will provide the basis for developing interventions that can improve job retention among working people with mental illness.
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Original Article
Adaptation to Motherhood in Central Asian-Korean Immigrants to Korea: A Grounded Theory Study
Su Hyun Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):677-689.   Published online December 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.677
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This qualitative study aimed to develop a substantive theory of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea.

Methods

Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted from July to September 2017, with 18 women who emigrated of Korean ethnicity from Central Asia to Korea, and took care of their baby for at least a year after their first delivery in Korea. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data from the transcriptions were analyzed through Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method, and data analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection.

Results

As a result of categorizing the interview data through the process of open coding, 10 categories, with 31 subcategories and 102 concepts were drawn, and “growth as a Central Asian-Korean mother in an unfamiliar, historical hometown” was found to be the core category of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea.

Conclusion

A characteristic of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea, drawn from this study, is that it differs according to the level of initiative to carry out interaction strategies, and the use of various supportive social resources. The findings indicate the need for Medicare eligibility adjustment for antenatal care, the extension of the visa renewal period during childbirth, the development of web- or mobile application-based educational programs in Russian language, and the establishment of integrated visiting healthcare services, community service resources, and policy support to enable these women to utilize various supportive social resources.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Web-based program for sexual and reproductive health education of immigrant women: A scoping review protocol
    Suhyun Kim, Aeri Jang, Ileana B. Heredia-Pi
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0298551.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Maternal Adjustment Enhancement Program Using Mobile-Based Education for Chinese Immigrant Women in Korea: A Quasi-Experimental Study
    Ju-Eun Song, Eun Ha Roh, Youn-Jeong Kim, Jeong-Ah Ahn
    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2022; 33(6): 685.     CrossRef
  • Adaptation in pregnant women: a descriptive phenomenological study using Giorgi’s approach
    Minseon Koh, Jisoon Kim, Sukhee Ahn
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(4): 346.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Stress and Anxiety on Depression in Central Asian Koreans in Korea
    Hyun-Bok Lee, Myeong-Suk Cho, Hyo-Ja An, Jeong-A Ko
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2020; 29(4): 339.     CrossRef
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Review Article
Changes in Strauss & Corbin's Grounded Theory
Ji Eun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):505-514.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.505
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to introduce and elucidate changes in Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory and discuss its application to the field of nursing in South Korea.

Methods

The changes in grounded theory by Strauss and Corbin were examined through a literature review of grounded theory from its inception.

Results

Strauss and Corbin acknowledged their philosophical backgrounds of symbolic interactionism and pragmatism; however, their methodology based on positivism overwhelmed their epistemology and ontology. This inconsistency has been represented by the coding paradigm and the premise of “emergent from the data.” In the revised version of Basics, Strauss and Corbin modified their theory to weaken the coding paradigm and strengthen the strategies for the development of substantive theory.

Conclusion

Strauss and Corbin's revised grounded theory did not fully address the inconsistency of their epistemology and ontology between their acknowledgement and methodology. However, these changes constitute a meaningful step toward resolving inconsistencies and highlight the development of substantive theory. This has implications for Korean nursing researchers who have utilized methodologies in grounded theory with dogmatic approaches; grounded theory, with its evolving nature, is not a finalized method and calls for open approaches for the development of a grounded theory that fits Korean nursing.

Citations

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  • Expert school nurses' experiences of reopening schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
    Ji Eun Kim, Hyun-Ju Seo, Jaehee Yoon
    Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 76: 16.     CrossRef
  • Digital textbooks for undergraduate nursing education: a scoping review protocol
    Aeri Jang, Hyunyoung Park
    BMJ Open.2024; 14(7): e071147.     CrossRef
  • Exploration of Family-Centered Care in NICUs: A Grounded Theory Methodology
    Young Ah Park, YeoJin Im
    Qualitative Health Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Data Analysis
    Dasom Im, Jeehye Pyo, Haneul Lee, Hyeran Jung, Minsu Ock
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(2): 100.     CrossRef
  • Efeitos da intervenção terapêutica de enfermagem em pacientes com doença cardíaca coronária
    Bifei Yan, Jing Chen, Juanhua Tu, Yan Wang
    Acta Paulista de Enfermagem.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Developing and Validating Educational Strategies for Couples to Enhance Family Bonds: A Qualitative Expert Analysis
    Seyed Amin Saadat, Mohammad Hosein Fallah, Saeid Vaziri Yazdi
    Thrita.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Illness Experiences of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
    Ji Eun Kim, Ilaria Campesi
    Journal of Diabetes Research.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Internet of things platform technology used in undergraduate nursing student education: a scoping review protocol
    A Jang, CE Song
    BMJ Open.2022; 12(4): e058556.     CrossRef
  • The Health Management Experience of Vietnamese Married Immigrant Women Living in the City
    Jiyoung Chun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(4): 506.     CrossRef
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  • 7 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Original Articles
Experiences of Ego Integrity Recovery in Elderly Cancer Patients: Grounded Theory Approach
Han-Gyo Choi, Hye-Ah Yeom
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):349-360.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.349
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to derive a substantive theory on lived experiences of elderly cancer patients.

Methods

The data were collected from February to March 2018 through in-depth personal interviews with 14 elderly cancer patients. The collected data were analyzed based on Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory.

Results

The core category was “the journey to find balance in daily lives as a cancer patient by recovering disturbed ego integrity.” The core phenomenon was “shattered by suffering from cancer,” and the causal conditions were “physical change” and “limitations in daily life.” The contextual conditions were “decreased self-esteem,” “feelings of guilt toward the family,” and the sense of “economic burden.” The participants’ action and interaction strategies were “maintaining or avoiding social relations,” “seeking meaning of the illness,” “falling into despair,” and “strengthening the willingness to battle the cancer.” The intervening conditions were “support from health care providers and family,” “dissatisfaction with health care providers,” “spiritual help from religion,” and “the improvement or worsening of health conditions.” The consequences were “having a new insight for life,” “living positively along with cancer illness,” and “the loss of willingness to live.” A summary of the series of processes includes the “crisis stage,” “reorganizing stage,” and the “ego integration stage.”

Conclusion

This study explored the holistic process of ego integrity impairment and the recovery experience of elderly cancer patients. This study is expected to be used as a basis for the development of nursing interventions that can support patients when coping with all stages of their cancer illness trajectory.

Citations

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  • Decision-making experiences regarding kidney transplant among older adults in South Korea: A qualitative descriptive study
    Hye Jin Chong, Min Kyeong Jang, Hyun Kyung Kim
    Patient Education and Counseling.2024; 119: 108044.     CrossRef
  • Living experiences of older patients with cancer amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A phenomenological study
    Yong Hwan Hyeon, Kyoung Ja Moon
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 54.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Communication Competence, Empathy and Geriatric Nursing Practice of Nurses Caring for Elderly Cancer Patients at a General Hospital: Focusing on Veterans Hospital
    Eun Sil Park, Jeong Hye Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2024; 24(2): 94.     CrossRef
  • Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Data Analysis
    Dasom Im, Jeehye Pyo, Haneul Lee, Hyeran Jung, Minsu Ock
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(2): 100.     CrossRef
  • Decision-Making Experience of Older Patients with Cancer in Choosing Treatment: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Study
    Eun Young Kim, Se Jin Hong
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(4): 418.     CrossRef
  • Identifying optimal care coordination strategies for older adults with cancer
    Han-Gyo Choi, Hye-Ah Yeom
    Geriatric Nursing.2021; 42(6): 1349.     CrossRef
  • Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study on the Lived Experience of Illness among Older Females with Cancer in South Korea
    Miseon Bang, Suhye Kwon, Seonnyeo Kim, Haeyun Shin, Eunyoung Seo
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2020; 20(2): 110.     CrossRef
  • Experiences of Inpatients Living with Lung Cancer in South Korea
    Hae Ok Kim, Hyeon Jeong Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2020; 20(1): 28.     CrossRef
  • Good Nursing Experience of Patients with Cancer in a Korean Cancer Hospital
    Eunyoung E. Suh, Hye Jin Yoo, Jeong Hee Hong, In Gak Kwon, Hyunju Song
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2020; 13(3): 51.     CrossRef
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Threats to Identity: A Grounded Theory Approach on Student Nurses’ Experience of Incivility during Clinical Placement
Jiyeon Kang, Yeon Jin Jeong, Kyoung Ran Kong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):85-95.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.85
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This qualitative study aimed to explore the experience of incivility among nursing students.

Methods

Sixteen nursing students who had experienced incivility during their clinical placement were invited for one-on-one interviews until the point of theoretical saturation. The grounded theory approach of Corbin and Strauss was adopted to analyze transcribed interview contents.

Results

Incivility occurred in the context of a hierarchical organizational culture, due to nursing students’ position as outsiders, non-systematic clinical education, and poor nursing work environment. The experience of incivility was identified as “being mistreated as a marginal person,” and nursing students responded to this phenomenon in the following three steps: reality shock, passive action, and submissive acceptance. This process caused students to lose self-esteem and undergo role conflict. Furthermore, nursing students’ experience of incivility could eventually lead to workplace bullying in nurses.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that nursing students’ experience of incivility can be a process that threatens their identity. It is necessary to develop educational programs and provide appropriate counseling services so that nursing students can actively cope with the incivility. In addition, institutional plans are needed to ensure safe and supportive clinical learning environments.

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    Journal of Nursology.2025; 28(1): 20.     CrossRef
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    Justin Fontenot, Michael Hebert, Robbie Stefanski, Dawn Morris
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    Hye Young Cho, Kyoung Ah Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 433.     CrossRef
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    Cho Rong Gil, Kyung Mi Sung
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(2): 148.     CrossRef
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    Sunghee Park, Mi-Young Choi
    Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(4): 260.     CrossRef
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    Jieun Sung, Youngran Kweon
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    Collegian.2022; 29(5): 621.     CrossRef
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    Eun Nam Lee, Na Geong Kim
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(4): 436.     CrossRef
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    Sung-Hee Park, Mi-Young Choi
    Healthcare.2021; 9(10): 1323.     CrossRef
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Lived Experience of the Family Members of Gastric Cancer Patients
Myung Sun Yi
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):275-288.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.275
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of the study is to explore and describe the lived experience of family members with gastric cancer patients using the grounded theory methodology. The participants were ten spouses of gastric cancer patients who had some kind of treatment at the hospital. They were asked open-ended and descriptive questions in order for them to talk about their experiences in their owl terms. As the interview progressed the questions became more specific to discuss themes and working hypotheses that emerged from the analysis of previous interviews. All interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed for the analysis. Constant the core category that was emerged from the comparative analysis is "magmaggam" which can be described as a psychological distress due to a high level of uncertainty regarding the health of the patient and the future of the caregivers. Psychological distress includes several emotional feelings such as frustration, anxiety, fear, guilty, and self depreciation. Subcategories or strategies related to the core category are 1) managing illness, 2) using folk medicine, 3) giving the patient a reason to live, 4) being patient, 5) losing reality, 6) anticipatory experience on the patient's death and parting, and 7) changing interpersonal relationships. The results of this study would help clinical nurses to develop nursing intervention to help spouses of gastric cancer patients establish efficient coping strategies in dealing with the problems they face.

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A Study on Health Behavior Experience of Middle-aged Women in Rural Area
Jin Hyang Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(5):694-705.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.5.694
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the health behavior experience of middle-aged Korean women in rural areas, and to help understand their health practice, perceive their nursing needs and provide guidelines to developing appropriate nursing interventions. METHOD: The participants were 18 healthy middle-aged women living in rural areas, with no serious illness that require hospitalization. The data was collected through interviews and participant observation, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin(1997). The data collection period was from April to November of 2001. RESULT: Depending on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon was family-oriented pursuing of yangsaeng. The causal condition was less confidence on one's own health, responsibilities in caring for family. The contexts were cultural system. The intervening condition was information system, support system, limitation of approaching a medical institution. The action/ interaction strategies were yangsaeng through dietary practice, yangsaeng through promoting clothing and housing, yangsaeng through exercise, practice of folk therapy, yangsaeng through mental hygiene, and use of medical institution. The consequences were stabilization of body and mind, and stabilization of family. CONCLUSION: It is recommended for nurses to understand health behavior experience of middle-aged women, and provide nursing intervention with theoretical scheme and practical principles so that these women can pursue the family-oriented process of yangsaeng.

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A Grounded Theory Approach to the Adjustment Process of the Institutionalized Elderly: The Control of Reluctance
Ga Eon Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(5):624-632.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.5.624
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The number of residents in elderly institution has been increasing due to the change of the family support system. This study was focused on understanding the process of adjustment of the institutionalized elderly using the Grounded Theory approach. METHOD: There were seven participants, 4 men and 3 women living in 3 different elderly facilities. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation from June 20, 1999 to January 10, 2000 and analyzed by the Strauss and Corbin's analysis method. RESULT: 125 concepts were found and grouped into 30 sub-categories and then grouped into 13 categories. These categories are <humiliation>, <fear>, <reluctance>, <difficulty of economic status>, <health problem>, <process of entrance>, <loss of family support>, <facility support>, <personality disposition>, <positive self mind-control>, <negative self mind-control>, <adjustment> and <maladjustment>, which were synthesized into the process of adjustment. <The Control of Reluctance (to live in facility)> being the core category. The adjustment process of the facility elderly consisted of: 1. expressive phase of 'reluctance' 2. control phase of 'reluctance' 3. latent phase of 'reluctance' CONCLUSION: This study offers better understandings on the adjustment process of the institutionalized elderly and provides more appropriate nursing care to the New Comers of these facilities.

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    Dong Choon Uhm, Mi Jung Nam
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    Eun-Young Kim, Ga Eon Lee, Sam-Sook Kim, Chun Yee Lee
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    Ga Eon Lee
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2010; 47(8): 957.     CrossRef
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    Soon Yi Seo, So Young Chang
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    Hyekyung Lee, Hyang-Yeon Lee, Jia Lee
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The Clinical Experiences of Adaptation as a New Nursing Staff
Haeng Mi Son, Moon Hee Koh, Chun Mi Kim, Jin Ha Moon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(6):988-997.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.6.988
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study aimed at uncovering the experience of adaptation of the new nursing staff in hospital setting.
METHODS
For this study, 15 new graduate nurses participated. The data was collected through the in-dept interviews and analysed in terms of Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory methodology.
RESULTS
The core category was identified with "entering orbit". The new graduate nurses, who experienced the taeoom because of their unskilled professions, tried to enter orbit by overcoming difficult situations through reducing stress, maintaining good interpersonal relationship, grasping, compensating, persisting, and introspecting. Noticeably, in the process of adaptation, negative image of nursing, conflict of interpersonal relationship and the educational program for the new nursing staff had effect on the intervening factors. Finally, this study confirmed that the processes of new nurses' adaptation are confusing, confrontating, becoming a member and settling in hospital setting.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, the educational programs reflecting new nursing staffs' experiences should be developed.

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The Pattern of Decision Making to Donate a Living Kidney
Myung Sun Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):47-59.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.47
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to explore decision making phenomenon of living kidney donation experienced by kidney donors. Data were collected through semi-structured indepth interviews from 12 kidney donors. All interviewes were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Constant comparative analysis was used to analyze the data with NUDIST4.0 software program. The core category emerged was "wish to give (a kidney)". "Wish to give" in the deliberation process have effects on the execution of kidney donation. Based on the degree of "wish to give", three distinct patterns were identified: Voluntary, compromising, and passive. The voluntary decision making was the most frequent one, while the passive the least. The degree of "wish to give" was influenced by intimacy between the donor and the receipient, geographical locations, economical efficiency of kidney transplantation, and religion. Each pattern was explained by describing interfering and facilitating factors as well as other issues occured in the decision making process. The results of this study will help nurses make effective nursing intervention by understanding the characteristics of decision- making patterns and decision-making process to donate a living kidney.

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  • Barriers to the donation of living kidneys for kidney transplantation
    Kyungok Min, Tai Yeon Koo, Young Hui Hwang, Jaeseok Yang
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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The Study of the Process of Smoking Cessation in Adults
Ae Kyoung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):319-328.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.319
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to explore the process of smoking cessation behavior in adults with a history of smoking cessation. The subjects were 17 adults selected by theoretical sampling. The data were collected by in-depth interviews using audiotape recording over a period of six months. The data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded in categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin' methodology. Analysis of the data resulted in the identification of 12 categories. The result of this study are as follows : 1. Smoking cessation in adults is caused by fear about health, environmental pressure of smoking cessation, and intention of smoking cessation. 2. Smoking cessation occurs in connection with situations of limited smoking. 3. Maintenance of smoking cessation is related to psychological stress, and environmental cues to smoking. 4. In the smoking cessation process, adults experienced either health promotion or relapse. It is suggested that the result of this study may contributed to the development of a strategy for decreasing smoking behavior among adults.

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  • The Factors Implicated When an Individual Starts to Smoke Again After a 6 Month Cessation
    Hyo-Kyung Son, Un-Young Jung, Ki-Soo Park, Sin Kam, Sun-Kyun Park, Won-Kee Lee
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(1): 42.     CrossRef
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Caring Experience of Mothers with IDDM Children
Mi Hye Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):81-92.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.81
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study is to define the caring experience of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus children, by finding core category, contextual factors, intervening factors, and the patterns of caring, and to develop a practice theory on it. Research method followed grounded theory methodology by Strauss and Corbin. Subjects were six mothers, whose children have had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 4 months to 14 years by the interview time. They were selected by theoretical sampling. Data were collected from September, 1995 to January, 1996. Interview were done by long interview took 50 minutes to 2 hours. Content of interview was recorded and transcribed later. Based on the results of previous interview, content of next interview was planned until data reached to the saturation point. Results were as follows : One hundred and forty concepts were found. These concepts were grouped into thirty-three categories, and then to ten categories. Mothers with diabetic child were revealed to face "being overwhelmed by burden". Overwhelming by burden is found to be progressed through the cycle production-coping-decrease or in crease process. Mothers showed four patterns of adaptation in caring the diabetic children. 1) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring and unsympathizing but they had sufficient support, no condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was positive, most of them overcome with strong will, but some fell into burnout. 2) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring, unsympathizing, insufficient support, serious condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was negative, they fell into burnout by coping with feeling. 3) In mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and sympathizing, sufficient support, no serious condition of the child, but their coping was negative, most of them fell into burnout by coping with feeling, but some overcome. 4) If mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and unsympathizing, sufficient support, no serious condition of the child, and their coping was positive, they overcome with strong will. On the basis of the above result, in order to help mothers take good care of their children, nursing assesment and intervention on life readjustment, and getting support should be required. Especially, through understanding mothers' personalities, individual support consistent with each of them should be required. Therefore education, counseling, mutual support and exchange of information will have to be accomplished.

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  • Role Adaptation Processes of Family Caregivers with Patients Transferred from Intensive Care Unit to General Ward: Becoming almost a Nurse with Hope and Fear
    Heui-Kyeong Kwon, Misoon Song
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(6): 603.     CrossRef
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Family Caregivers' Experiences Utilizing a Nursing Home for Their Elderly Family Members
Sun Woo Hong, Haeng Mi Son
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):724-735.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.724
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of the family caregivers using a nursing home for their elderly family members.

Method

Participants for this study were 1 man and 9 women caregivers. Data was collected through in-depth interviews from October, 2005 to April, 2006 and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory methodology.

Results

“Finding a way to live together” emerged as a core category and it reflected expanding consciousness allowing them to see each other in a more positive view. The basic social process of “finding a way to live together” includes 3 phases: 1) recognizing the problems, 2) finding solutions to the problems, and 3) accepting the changes in their surrounding. Lack of privacy, family troubles, extreme distress, and unavailable caregivers are reflected in the process of recognizing the problems. The process of finding solutions was making a decision, obtaining family agreement, choosing the best nursing home, and enduring the financial burden. Possible outcomes of the last phase include recovering peace of mind and continuing conflict.

Conclusion

Findings from this study offer suggestions for developing a strategy to help not only the elderly but also the family caregivers.

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  • Development of the Care Burden Scale for Family of Elderly in Nursing Facilities
    Eun Jeong Kim, Kyung Mi Sung
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • Useful lessons for the provision of services in long-term care facilities in South Korea: operators’ experiences illuminate the phenomenon of working with the elderly in the field
    Young Ran Tak, Hae Young Woo, Lee Han Yi, Ah Rim Kim
    International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mihyun Park, Hye-Ah Yeom, Sr Jinsun Yong
    BMC Palliative Care.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yoonji Oh
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    Mi Sook Song, Kyung Sook Lim
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(2): 259.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of Long-Term Care Service Needs in the Baby Boom Generation
    Song Yi Han
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(1): 21.     CrossRef
  • Feelings of Guilt and Depression in Family Caregivers after Nursing Home Placement of Older Adults
    Sun Young You, Young Ran Tak
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2014; 16(3): 276.     CrossRef
  • Grounded Theory Approach on the Adaptation Process in Facility of Long-Term Care Elderly
    신용석, Jung-Woo Kim, 김수정
    Korean Journal of Social Welfare.2013; 65(3): 155.     CrossRef
  • A Study on the conflict among Siblings Regarding the Long-term Care of Older Parents
    Yoo,Hi-Jung
    Korean Journal of Family Social Work.2013; null(40): 63.     CrossRef
  • A Study of Determinants of Caregivers’ Attitudes towards Utilization of Residential Care in the UK: Focused on Scottish Family Caregiver in Edinburgh City
    이현숙
    Health and Social Welfare Review.2013; 33(1): 260.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge regarding Advance Directives among Community-dwelling Elderly
    Sun Woo Hong, Shin Mi Kim
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  • Nursing Home Placement: The Process of Decision Making and Adaptation among Adult Children Caregivers of Demented Parents in Korea
    Su-Hye Kwon, Young-Sook Tae
    Asian Nursing Research.2012; 6(4): 143.     CrossRef
  • The Study on commodification of filial piety through Long term care service
    홍세영, 서종희
    Korean Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare.2012; null(57): 51.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality Evaluation Instrument
    Jia Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(3): 474.     CrossRef
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A Paradigm Analysis Related to Spiritual Experiences Focused on Christian of Patients with Terminal Cancer
Hiun Ju Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(2):299-309.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.2.299
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The main purpose of this study was to develop a substantive theory on the process of the spiritual experience in Christian terminal cancer patients in the context of Korean society and culture. The question for the study was ‘ What is the spiritual process in Christian terminal cancer patients?’.

Method

The research method used was the Grounded Theory Method developed by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Participants for this study in total were 9 Christian terminal cancer patients. Data was collected using in-depth interviews during April 2003 to March. 2004. Data collection and analysis were carried out at the same time.

Result

From the analysis 58 concepts and 20 categories emerged. The categories were presented into a paradigm, which consisted of condition-actions/ interactions-consequences. The theoretical scheme was described by organizing categories. In total, 4 stages were developed from the condition-actions/ interactions-consequences. Throughout these stages, the ‘ overcoming process of unbalanced interconnectedness’ was the core category discovered.

Conclusion

This study provides a framework for the development of individualized care interventions in the ‘ overcoming process of unbalanced interconnectedness’ for Christian terminal cancer patients.

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Experience of Gastric Cancer Survivors and their Spouses in Korea: Secondary Analysis
Myungsun Yi, David Kahn
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(4):625-635.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.4.625
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of gastric cancer couples in Korea and to generate a substantive theory integrating the experiences of gastric cancer survivors and their spouses as a whole. The specific aims of this study were to explore major problems gastric cancer couples faced and how they resolved these problems, focusing on inter-relational dynamics within the couples and on similarities and differences between the couples.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis study using grounded theory techniques. The study used the data of 11 married couples which was collected from in-depth interviews from two primary studies. The unit of analysis was dyads of gastric cancer survivors and their spouses.

Results

The basic social psychological process that emerged from the analysis was “taking charge of their health.” Major categories involved in this process were identified as 1) adjusting to new diets, 2) reinforcing physical strength, 3) seeking information, 4) strengthening Ki, 5) lowering life-expectations, and 6) going their separate ways. These six categories represent major strategies in overcoming critical problems that occurred in day-to-day experiences. In terms of the process, the first five categories characterize the earlier stage of the process of “taking charge of their health,” while “going their separate ways” indicates the later stage and also the beginning of their separate ways: “pursuing spiritual life” for the survivors, and “preparing for the future” for the spouses.

Conclusions

The results of this study will help design family care for the people with gastric cancer by providing in-depth understanding and insight on the lives of gastric cancer couples.

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    Melinda Furtado, Dawn Davis, Jenny M. Groarke, Lisa Graham-Wisener
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    Alison Cowley, Catrin Evans, Fiona Bath-Hextall, Joanne Cooper
    JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports.2016; 14(10): 134.     CrossRef
  • A meta-analysis of qualitative studies on living with oesophageal and clinically similar forms of cancer, seen from the perspective of patients and family members
    Sissel Andreassen, Ingrid Randers, Kerstin Ternulf Nyhlin, Anne-Cathrine Mattiasson
    International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being.2007; 2(2): 114.     CrossRef
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Adjustment Patterns of Illness Process of People with Hemophilia in Korea
Won Ock Kim, Hyun Sook Kang, Myung Sun Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):5-14.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.5
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore adjustment pattern of illness process of people with hemophilia in Korea.

Method

23 people with hemophilia had participated for this study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Strauss & Corbin's grounded theory method.

Result

“would be free from” was emerged as a core category and it reflects that all participants wanted to be free from the constraints of the disease. The adjustment process was categorized into two stage, the ‘ unstable stage’ and the ‘ stable stage’. In the process of “would be free from” four different patterns were identified: hopelessness type; appreciation type; challenge type; and transcendence type. These types were identified based on the degree of pursuing normal life and managing the disease, and social support. The most frequently occurring type was hopelessness type but the participants of this type suffered the most. The transcendence type was the most ideal type, but it occurred the least.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that people with hemophilia in Korea still suffer from the disease and they need supports. The results would be useful for health care professionals in establishing education and counseling program for the people with hemophilia.

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  • Effects of Foot-Reflexology Massage on Fatigue, Stress and Postpartum Depression in Postpartum Women
    Mi Son Choi, Eun Ja Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 587.     CrossRef
  • Comparative Study on Parenting Stress, Guilt, Parenting Attitude, and Parenting Satisfaction Between Mothers with a Hemophilic Child and a Healthy Child
    Won Ok Kim, Hyun Sook Kang, Kyoul Ja Cho, Young A Song, Eun Sun Ji
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2008; 14(4): 270.     CrossRef
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Turnover Experience of Male Nurses
Hyunsu Kim, Jeongseop Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(1):25-38.   Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.1.25
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify turnover experiences of men in nursing and to derive a substantive theory on the turnover experience of men who are nurses.

Methods

Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 13 men who had worked as a nurse for 1 year or more, and had a turnover experience during that period. Collected data were analyzed on the basis of Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory.

Results

The core category in the turnover experiences of the respondents was ‘seeking a stable place for me’. In the analysis of the core category, types of ‘contentment’, ‘seeking’, ‘survival’ and ‘confusion’ were identified. The sequential stages of these nurses’ turnover experience were ‘confrontation’, ‘incertitude’, ‘retrying’ and ‘realization’. However, when a problem arose in the process, they returned to the stage of confusion. Thus, these stages could occur in a circular fashion.

Conclusion

These findings provide a deep understanding of the turnover experience of men in nursing and offers new information about how they adapt to nursing practice. The findings should be useful as foundational data for men who hope to become nurses and also for managers responsible for nurses who are men.

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  • Male nurses’ adaptation experiences after turnover to community institutions in Korea: A grounded theory methodology
    Ja-Sook Kim, Suhyun Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung, Sally Mohammed Farghaly
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0302819.     CrossRef
  • Turnover Rates and Factors Associated With Turnover: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Retention Period of Clinical Nurses in Korea Using National Data
    Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim
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    Vahid Ghavami, Seyed Saeed Tabatabaee
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    Chao Wu, Si‐zhe Cheng, Jing Wu, Yin‐juan Zhang, Ya‐wei Lin, Lu Li, Juan Du, Yu‐hai Zhang, Hong‐juan Lang
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    Hyoung Eun Chang, Sung‐Hyun Cho
    International Nursing Review.2023; 70(3): 338.     CrossRef
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    Soo-Yong Shin, Eun-Ju Lim
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  • Analysis of Male and Female Nurses’ Attitudes toward Nurse Uniforms in South Korea: The Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetic (FEA) Framework
    Seon Mi Jang, Sae Eun Lee, Jeong-Ju Yoo
    International Journal of Costume and Fashion.2021; 21(1): 25.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Turnover Intention among Male Nurses in Korea
    Su Ol Kim, Sun-Hee Moon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(18): 9862.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with the nurses’ intent to stay in China, Japan, and Korea: an integrative review
    Ting Xue, Wen-Bin Jiang, Meng-Di Ma, Jie Zhang, Ming-Hui Lu, Yong-Mei Jiang
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    Eunhee Lee
    Human Resources for Health.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ick-Jee Kim, Hyung-Wha Shim
    Asian Nursing Research.2018; 12(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • Win-Win Partnership in the Clinical Setting: Female Nurses' Adaptive Experience to Male Nurses
    Hyunsu Kim, Eun Jin Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(5): 423.     CrossRef
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Adaptation Process to Group Home Living by Older Adults
Hee Sook Yoon, Sohyune Sok
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):858-870.   Published online December 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.858
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the adaptation process of older people to group homes.

Methods

Participants were twenty older adults aged 65 or older who were living in group homes. Data were collected from January to April, 2015. In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted with individual participants. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method.

Results

From open coding, 100 concepts, 38 sub-categories, and 14 categories were identified. Analysis showed that the central phenomenon of the adaptation process of older people to group homes was ‘gradually giving up’. Causal conditions were ‘good-for-nothing body’, contextual conditions were ‘pushed’, ‘beleaguered’. Intervening conditions were ‘reliable pillar: children’, ‘having affection (情) more than having it from family: facility workers’, ‘comfort - like feeling at home’, ‘relieved: system’. Action/interaction strategies were ‘facing the unfamiliar reality’, ‘building relationships with other people’, ‘accepting reality’. Consequences were ‘a good place, more than expected’, ‘hope for the remaining days’, ‘waiting for a peaceful death’.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of the experience of the adaptation process of older people to group homes. The findings from this study can be used as basic data to establish policies to increase the number of small scale facilities which can help older adults adapt easily to the facilities.

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  • Recovery experience of older adults with COVID-19: A grounded-theory study
    Hee-Sook Kim, Jae Wan Park
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 66.     CrossRef
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A Grounded Theory Approach on Nurses’ Experience with Workplace Bullying
Jiyeon Kang, Seonyoung Yun
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(2):226-237.   Published online April 17, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.226
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the workplace bullying experience of Korean nurses.

Methods:

Participants were twenty current or former hospital nurses who had experienced workplace bullying. Data were collected through focus group and individual in-depth interviews from February to May, 2015. Theoretical sampling method was applied to the point of theoretical saturation. Transcribed interview contents were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method.

Results:

A total of 110 concepts, 48 sub-categories, and 17 categories were identified through the open coding process. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon of nurses’ workplace bullying experience was revealed as ‘teaching that has become bullying’, and the core category was extracted as ‘surviving in love-hate teaching’ consisting of a four-step process: confronting reality, trial and error, relationship formation, and settlement. The relationship formation was considered to be the key phase to proceed to the positive settlement phase, and the participants utilized various strategies such as having an open mind, developing human relationships, understanding each other in this phase.

Conclusion:

The in-depth understanding of the workplace bullying experience has highlighted the importance of effective communication for cultivating desirable human relationships between nurses.

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  • Social status mediates the propagation of unfairness
    Hyeran Kang, JuYoung Kim, Daeeun Kim, Hackjin Kim
    Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yulliana Jeong, Hye Sun Jung, Eun Mi Baek
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sohyeon Kim, Myung-Ho Hyun
    STRESS.2023; 31(4): 197.     CrossRef
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    Sun Joo Jang, Youn‐Jung Son, Haeyoung Lee
    Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(6): 1788.     CrossRef
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    Jung-Hoon Lee, Yeoungsuk Song
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(4): 347.     CrossRef
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    Hyo-Suk Song, So-Hee Lim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(5): 478.     CrossRef
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    Haesook Kim, Eunsook Kim, Younghee Yu
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(3): 218.     CrossRef
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    Sun Yee Yoo, Hye Young Ahn
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7052.     CrossRef
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    Jaeun Lee
    Journal of Korea Planning Association.2019; 54(7): 24.     CrossRef
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    Ga Yeon Jeong, Hyun Jung Jang
    Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(4): 424.     CrossRef
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    Jiyeon Kang, Soogyeong Kim, Seungkook Roh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(6): 736.     CrossRef
  • Response Patterns of Nursing Unit Managers regarding Workplace Bullying: A Q Methodology Approach
    Jin Kyu Choi, Byoungsook Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 562.     CrossRef
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    Soohyun Nam, Boyoung Hwang
    Stress.2019; 27(3): 224.     CrossRef
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    Jiyeon Kang, Yeon Jin Jeong, Kyoung Ran Kong
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(1): 85.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Cognitive Rehearsal Program on Interpersonal Relationships, Workplace Bullying, Symptom Experience, and Turnover Intention among Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Jiyeon Kang, Jeung-Im Kim, Seonyoung Yun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(5): 689.     CrossRef
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    Jiyeon Kang, Minju Lee
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2016; 28(4): 399.     CrossRef
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    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(3): 238.     CrossRef
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The Process of Acceptance of Complementary and Alternative Therapies (CATs) among Nurses: Grounded Theory Approach
Ae-Kyung Kim, Young-Shin Lee, Hyun-Jung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):669-680.   Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.669
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to explore the process of accepting CATs among nurses who experienced CATs in Korea.

Methods

Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Data were collected from 10 nurses during individual in-depth interviews. Theoretical sampling was used until the data reached saturation. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method.

Results

The core category emerged as "resolving the doubt and integrating" explaining the process of accepting CATs. The nurses engaged in three stages: need awareness, look for solution and integration. Causal conditions were interest as a nursing intervention and orthodox medical limitations. Context was lack of basis for application and increase in social interest. Strategies were new knowledge acquisition, having a strong will, combined with existing knowledge, and individualized intervention. Intervening conditions were others' eye, exhaustion for nurses and physical environment. Consequences were expanding of the nursing role and improved nurse satisfaction.

Conclusion

The results of the study should facilitate application of CATs in nursing practice. To help nurses who are interested in CATs, there is a need for education programs, and further research on CATs.

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    Da-Jung Kim
    Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2024; 20(5): 158.     CrossRef
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    Zahra Tagharrobi, Sima Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi, Eesa Mohammadi
    Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.2016; 24: 11.     CrossRef
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Experiences of Family Caregivers of Patients with Terminal Cancer
Eun Sook Choi, Keum Soon Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):280-290.   Published online April 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.280
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study done to identify the experiences of families caring for patients with terminal cancer. The question was, "What is the caregiving experience of a family who has a member with terminal cancer?"

Methods

Grounded Theory was applied and in-depth interviews were done with 11 family members. Interviews were recorded with the interviewees' consent and were transcribed and analyzed. Participants' relationships to patients were 6 spouses, 4 daughters, and 1 mother. The ages of the participants were between 32 and 62, with an average of 47.5.

Results

The study showed "enduring with bonds" as the main category and the main factor affecting this category was the "patients' diagnosis of terminal cancer." The caregiving experience was divided into four stages: shock, confusion, struggle, and acceptance. Mediating factors were relationship with the patient, intimacy with the patient, social support, communication, and trust. Conclusively, participants underwent internal maturity, and changes occurred in family and social and personal life.

Conclusion

The families took care of the patients with responsibility and love. The study results should help with the understanding of a family with a member with terminal cancer and should be used to develop nursing, mediating, and consulting programs for these caregivers.

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  • Challenges and Proposed Improvements in Advance Care Planning: Insights from a Real Clinical Case of a Terminally Ill Patient in Korea
    Hongyeul Lee
    Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2025; 28(1): 41.     CrossRef
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    Minkyung Kim, Sukhee Ahn
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(3): 197.     CrossRef
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    Eunice E. Lee, Shin‐Young Lee
    Psycho-Oncology.2020; 29(10): 1486.     CrossRef
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    Mi Yeon Kim, Hanna Lee, Inyoung Lee, Mirim Lee, Haeryun Cho
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    Kyoung Hee Kim, Yong Soon Shin
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2019; 19(1): 9.     CrossRef
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    Juhye Jin, Jin-Hee Yoo
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(5): 451.     CrossRef
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    Jihyeon Lee, Chiyoung Cha
    Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing.2017; 19(4): 323.     CrossRef
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    Ye-Sook Choi
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2016; 19(2): 127.     CrossRef
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    Youngshin Lee, Youngran Tak
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Family Caregivers’ Quality of Life, Depression and Anxiety according to Symptom Control in Hospice Patients
    Yun Hee Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Ho Seop Lim, Young Jin Choi, Yun Jin Kim, Sang Yeoup Lee, Jeong Gyu Lee, Dong Wook Jeong, Kyoung Hwa Yu
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2015; 18(4): 314.     CrossRef
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    Bok Yae Chung, Hyeon Sook Park
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2014; 17(2): 75.     CrossRef
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    Tae Yeon Lee, Yunhee Kwon
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(2): 175.     CrossRef
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    Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(1): 23.     CrossRef
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Life Experience of Inpatients with Recurrent Breast Cancer
Young Ju Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(2):214-224.   Published online April 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.214
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Understanding daily life experiences of patients admitted to hospital with recurrent breast cancer.

Methods

The grounded theory method was used for this study.

Results

Consistent comparative analysis was used throughout the study to obtain the results. Results showed that inpatients with recurrent breast cancer experience 'a co-existence of life suffering and fear of death'. The causal condition of this result was determined to be 'patient's response to cancer recurrence (acceptance/despair)', including contextual conditions such as, 'previous experience with cancer treatment', 'patient's current physical condition', and 'treatment methods for recurrent cancer'. Intervening conditions, such as 'a strong will to live', 'family support', 'moral support providers', and action/interaction strategies were found to provide patients with 'a strength to live'. Shown in these results, inpatients with recurrent breast cancer were seen to have a simultaneous 'hope for life and fear of death'.

Conclusion

When providing nursing services to inpatients with recurrent breast cancer, people must recognize there is a notable difference between individual patients' contextual conditions and interactive strategies. Henceforth, proper cognitive nursing must be provided which encourages patients to maintain a strong will to overcome the many hardships of treatment as well as physical nursing, such as management of side effects caused by chemotherapy.

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  • Post-traumatic Growth Experiences of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Grounded Theory Approach
    Seung-Kyoung Yang, Young-Suk Park, Eun-Joo Lee
    Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2024; 9(2): 79.     CrossRef
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    Young-Suk Park, Jeong Sook Park
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(6): 656.     CrossRef
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    Ae-Kyung Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(5): 472.     CrossRef
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    Kkotbong Kim, Jinhyang Yang
    Applied Nursing Research.2017; 35: 99.     CrossRef
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    Seong-Heui Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2015; 15(2): 75.     CrossRef
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The Life of Adolescent Patients with Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Sunhee Lee, So-Sun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(3):411-422.   Published online June 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.411
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

In the present study, an analysis of the life of adolescents with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) was done using grounded theory. Consideration was given to the socio-cultural context of Korea.

Methods

After approval from the institutional review board of Y hospital, 12 patients ranging in age from 14 to 35 were recruited. Data were gathered using in-depth interviews. Theoretical sampling was performed until the concepts were saturated.

Results

The results confirmed the life of adolescents with complex CHD as a 'journey to finding uniqueness of oneself as a person with CHD'. The life consisted of 3 stages. In the crisis stage, participants had a feeling of threat to self-existence, and made an effort to be the same as others. In the self-recognition stage, participants who had sufficient role-performance built self-esteem while those who did not fell into self-accusation. In the self-establishment stage, participants who reached sufficiency in independence and knowledge planned the future, whereas those who did not conformed to the realities of life.

Conclusion

The results of present study provide help in understanding the experiences of adolescents with CHD and provide a basis for developing nursing intervention strategies for these patients.

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    Efrén Martínez-Quintana, Beatriz Déniz-Alvarado, Carlos Gallego-Sosa, Javier Pardo-Maiza, Jesús María González-Martín, Fayna Rodríguez-González
    International Journal of Bullying Prevention.2025; 7(1): 36.     CrossRef
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    Sümeyye Sözduyar, Denizcan İnal, Ergun Ergün, Gülnur Göllü, Ahmet Murat Çakmak, Ufuk Ateş
    Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Youngji Moon, Jo Won Jung, Sunhee Lee
    Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2023; 38(1): 52.     CrossRef
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    Efr閚 Mart韓ez-Quintana, Hiurma Estupi襻n-Le髇, Ana Beatriz Rojas-Brito, Liuva D閚iz-D閚iz, Alejandro Barreto-Mart韓, Fayna Rodr韌uez-Gonz醠ez
    Congenital Heart Disease.2023; 18(2): 197.     CrossRef
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    T. Rodríguez Rodríguez, A. Nohaya Alonso, N. González Vales
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    Dasuel Lee, Dae‐Chul Jeong, Nack‐Gyun Chung, Sunhee Lee
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    Jeong-Ah Ahn, Sunhee Lee
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    Ju Ryoung Moon, June Huh, Jinyoung Song, I-Seok Kang, Seung Woo Park, Sung-A Chang, Ji-Hyuk Yang, Tae-Gook Jun
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    Sunhee Lee, Dong Hee Kim
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    Sunhee Lee, Junga Lee, Jae Young Choi
    European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2017; 16(4): 290.     CrossRef
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    Hyun Jeong Kim, Eun Sun Yoon, Soo Jung Lee, Jina Choo, Seong-Ho Kim, Sae Young Jae
    The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2017; 35(1): 40.     CrossRef
  • Health-related quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease
    Juliana Bertoletti, Giovana C. Marx, Sérgio P. Hattge, Lúcia C. Pellanda
    Cardiology in the Young.2015; 25(3): 526.     CrossRef
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    Jeong-Ah Ahn, Sunhee Lee, Jae Young Choi
    Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2014; 29(6): 508.     CrossRef
  • Coping and Resilience of Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease
    Sunhee Lee, Sue Kim, Jae Young Choi
    Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2014; 29(4): 340.     CrossRef
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Parenting Experiences of Parents of Children with ADHD: Approaching the Normal
Won Oak Oh, Eun Sook Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(1):91-104.   Published online February 28, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.1.91
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of parenting from the parents of children with ADHD and to develop a grounded theory about their experiences.

Method

This study was a qualitative research study that used a grounded theory to understand and discuss the parenting experiences of parents of children with ADHD in a greater depth. Grounded data was collected through an in-depth interview from twelve participants with ADHD children. The data was analyzed using the grounded theory method.

Results

“Approaching the normal” emerged as the core phenomenone. Parenting experiences for parents of children with ADHD referred to a process of bringing the children, back on track of normal growth development, and their functioning in the family at a normal level and establishing a new normalcy. The process of approaching the normal involved a basic social-psychological process, such as ‘living a day in hell’, ‘accepting’, ‘confronting the conflicts’, ‘lowering expectations’, and ‘making a new normalcy’.

Conclusion

The outcomes of this study, which observed the parenting process of parents of children with ADHD, could enhance nurses' understanding of ADHD and help nurses become major mental health service providers for the mental health of children with ADHD and their families.

Citations

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