Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Impact of Parents’ Problem Drinking on Suicidal Ideation of Their University Student Children : The Multiple Mediating Effects of Childhood Trauma, Experiential Avoidance and Depression: Eun Sook Lee, Eun Ju Bong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):565-577. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.565

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model about impact of parents’ problem drinking on suicidal ideation of their children who are university students and the multiple mediating effects of childhood trauma, experiential avoidance, and depression based on stress-vulnerability model.

Methods

A purposive sample of 400 university students was recruited from three universities in provincial areas and the data were collected between October and November 2016. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. Multiple mediating effects analysis using phantom variable and bootstrapping were implemented to verify the mediating effect of the research model.

Results

We found no significant direct effect on depression and suicidal ideation of parents’ problem drinking, but multiple mediating effects of childhood trauma and experiential avoidance between parents’ problem drinking and depression (B=.38, p=.001). The path from parents’ problem drinking to suicidal ideation was significantly mediated by childhood trauma and depression (B=.02, p=.016) and by childhood trauma, experiential avoidance, and depression (B=.05, p=.011), but experiential avoidance did not have a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation (B=.02, p=.616). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that in order to decrease depression and prevent suicide of university students, considering of parents’ problem drinking and childhood trauma, intervention methods that decreased chronic use of experiential avoidance and strengthen acceptance should be developed and made available to them.

Citations

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Psychological Trauma Predicts Obesity in Welsh Secure Mental Health Inpatients
Joseph Lloyd Davies, Daniel Lawrence, Ruth Bagshaw, Andrew Watt, Shane Mills, Catherine Heidi Seage
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health.2024; 23(3): 241. CrossRef
Associations between Suicidal Ideation and Relatives’ Physical and Mental Health among Community Residents: Differences between Family Members and Lineal Consanguinity
Caifeng Li, Zhen Wei, Yifan Wang, Long Sun
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15997. CrossRef

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Idenpdfication of Nursing Activities for Determination of Nursing Cost: Jung Ho Park, Su Ja Hwangbo, Eun Sook Lee; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1992;22(2):185-206. Published online March 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1992.22.2.185

Abstract PDF

In this study nursing activities were examined to determine the nursing cost. A professional nursing group developed a tool for the investigation. 128 nursing activities were identified by the tool in 16 nursing care areas as referenced in the literature. Each activity was examined for four essential factors to define nursing cost ; time consumed for the care, level of professional skill, degree of independency and performer of the care. The activity was rated by a five point Likert scale. The investigation was conducted with the nursing staffing working in the 21 university hospitals in Korea and having more than four years experience especially in medical or surgical wards. The participating nursing staff were screened on the basic of the recommendation of the nursing director. The data were gathered from June 12th to August 12th, 1989. All the data were analyzed for mean, standard deviation, percent, and correlation coefficients between items. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Direct nursing care was classified into 16 large areas and 128 small activities. 2. No significant correlation was found between the study items of each activity. 3. Among 128 nursing activities, Those performed less than 50% of the time by a nurse were excluded from the nursing cost. Also excluded activities which were given less than 9 marks in all three items, time consumed, level of professional skill, and degree of independency. As a result, 83 activities in 14 nursing care areas were selected for the proposal to estimate nursing cost.

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A Study on the Status of Application of Health Insurance Fees for Nursing Activities of Nurses in Rehabilitation Unit
Oon Hee Yee, Sun-Houng Kim, Mihwa Cho, Kyung Hee Moon, Seungyoung Lee
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2021; 24(1): 1. CrossRef
An Empirical Analysis of Costs related to Nursing Practice
Yu Kyung Ko, Bo-Hyun Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(2): 139. CrossRef
Activity-Based Costing Analysis of Nursing Activities in General Hospital Wards
Ho-Soon Yoon, Jinhyun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2013; 19(4): 449. CrossRef
A Proposal to Improve Nursing Fee Differentiation Policy for General Hospitals Using Profitability-Analysis in the National Health Insurance
Sungjae Kim, Jinhyun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(3): 351. CrossRef
Analysis of Psychiatric Nursing Activity and Time for Development of Nursing Cost
Sook Bin Im, Whasoon Chang, Moon Hee Ko, Youngsuk Park, Eun-Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2012; 21(1): 41. CrossRef

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Validation of an Instrument to Measure Exercise of Self-Care Agency and its Predictors: Hyang Sook So, Eun Sook Lee; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1989;19(3):273-284. Published online March 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1989.19.3.273

Abstract PDF

The aim of this investigation was to delineate concepts contributing to the Exercise of Self-Care Agency (E.S.C.A.) Scale developed by Kearney & Fleischer (1979) and to test its construct validity and its predictors. The results are summarized as follows : 1. By means of principal factor analysis and maximal likelihood factor analysis upon data generated from 280 undergraduate students, the factors of Concern about Health Knowledge, Self-Concept, Information-Seeking Behavior, Decision-making and Responsibility, Self-esteem, and Passivity emerged. The total percent of variance explained by the 6 factors was 75.1 % 2. To assess factor independence and instrument homogeneity, correlations among the 6 factors were computed. The correlations ranged from .24 to .46 indicating that the factors and the items were not too similar or redundant. 3. Test-retest reliability of the total scale is r=.70. Cronbach's a coefficient for internal consistency of the total scale is .86 and that of the factors ranged from .750 to .661 (only factor 6 .497). 4. In additional analysis of the Exercise of self-Care Agency Scale in relationship to Multiple Health Locus of Control, Family Environmental Scale, and Cornell Medical Index using stepwise multiple regression, the Internal Health Locus of Control Score predicted 21.8%(F=53.34, P=.0001), Family Environmental Score 8.3 %(F=22.59, P=.0001), Modified Cornell Medical Index Score 5.4%(F=15.74, P=. 0001) of the score of the E.S.C.A.

Citations

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Composantes de la capacité d’autosoin de personnes ayant subi un infarctus du myocarde et participant à un programme d’exercices à domicile
Sylvie Robichaud-Ekstrand, Caroline Gibbons
Revue de l'Université de Moncton.2010; 39(1-2): 249. CrossRef

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Changes in Fatigue and the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy: Eun Sook Lee, Jucia Jo; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(3):489-502. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.3.489

Abstract PDF: Quality of life(QOL) and fatigue in cancer patients receiving the radiotherapy was assessed. The subjects were 46 cancer patients who daily attended the radiotherapy department. Assessment was done on four occasions ; the first assessment was done on the treatment simulation visit, the second one was four week after treatment started, the third one at the completion of treatment and the last assessment was done between six and eight week following treatment. The results are as follows : The fatigue scores of the patients at each stage of assessment ranged from 5.49 points to 7.67 points and highest score was recorded at the third assessment hat is, at the completion of treatment. The fatigue points showed an increase from the 1st. to 3rd. stage. However, at the 4th. stage, fatigue points decreased to the level at the first stage, fatigue points decreased to the level at the first stage of assessment. QOL were assessed in three areas namely, physical, emotional and social/functional. The QOL scores in the physical area showed the highest score, followed by social/functional and emotional areas. The QOL scores decreased gradually to the third. stage of assessment thereafter recovered to the level of the first. stage. Correlation between QOL and fatigue scores during the treatment indicated that the level of QOL decreased as the level of fatigue increased. In particular, fatigue persisted after completion of the treatment and showed a significantly negative correlation with QOL. The present study strongly suggests that a strategy to restore the emotional well being level of the patient should be devised in order to improve QOL and reduce fatigue of patients receiving radiotherapy.

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A Development of Decision Support System for Nurse Scheduling: Yong Sun Choi, Eun Sook Lee, Jung Ho Park; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1995;25(1):80-87. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1995.25.1.80

Abstract PDF: The critical problem of nurse scheduling in the hospital is determining the day-to-day shift assignments for each nurse for the specified period in a way that satisfies the given requirements of the hospital. As nurse scheduling involves many factors and requirements, manual scheduling requires much time and effort to produce an adequate schedule. A PC-based decision support system, developed in Turbo-C++, for nurse scheduling was introduced. The system is composed of 4 sub-systems: 1) Entering basic information for each nursing unit; 2) Generation of an appropriate initial schedule and revised schedule for a given period, maximally satisfying each nurse's duty requests; 3) Provision of variety of statistical information, and 4) Help messages for each modular function. Icons and a mouse are used for easier graphic user interface and reducing the need for typing efforts. This system can help nurses develop quick and easy schedule generation and allow more time for the patient care.

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Health Care Status of First Generation Korean Immigrants in New Zealand: Eun Sook Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(1):183-195. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.1.183

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study is to describe the health care status of Korean Immigrants in New Zealand. The sample consisted of 155 Koreans who were randomly selected from the Korean Immigrants telephone book in Auckland, N.Z. They had health problems that required health management both physically(50.3%) and psychologically(70.3%). During the previous year, the average rate of medical contact with a general practitioner was 1+/-1.29 times. Korean immigrants who had health problems first attempted to resolve the problem through self medication rather than utilize health care services. They would only visit a general practitioner if they had severe subjective symptoms or no relief from self medication. Even if they think they need to visit the health care service, 41.9% of the subjects did not go back for follow-up care. Generally, the person who demonstrated positive health care behaviors was male, a college level graduate or higher, lived in N.Z. longer than 2 years, had a high score on health status by self assessment, and he placed few demands on health care services. Barriers to a healthy lifestyle are communication difficulties in expressing subjective symptoms, understanding the physician's treatment and medication plans, difficulty in accessing the appointment system, ant the high cost of service.

Citations

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Depression and the Influencing Factors in Korean American Immigrants.
Jeongyee Bae, Hyunjoo Park
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(1): 67. CrossRef
Embracing New Lives as Korean Immigrants in Canada: A Grounded Theory
Jeongyee Bae, Rosel L. Panuncio
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(4): 466. CrossRef

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A Study on the Occurrences and Causes of Accidents I Lower Grade Elementary School Children: So Sun Kim, Eun Sook Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(1):117-126. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.1.117

Abstract PDF

Accidents involving children are an important cause of death and disability. They also have enomorous financial implication. In order to prevent childhood accidents, research and education for safety should be strengthened. The purpose of this study was to determine how often young children have accidents and what factors affect the accident rate. The sample consisted of 771 children who were in the second, third and forth grades of two elementary schools located in Kyung-gi Province. One school had students from middle class families living in apartment complexes and the other, students from lower income families mainly living in single house. The questionnaires included items on the occurrence of accidents and the parents' attitudes regarding accidents during the academic year from March 1997 to February 1998. The questionnaires were distributed to conveniently selected students to be completed by their parents and collected during the period of May 28, to June 6, 1998. The data were analyzed using SAS PC statistical package. The results of the study are as follows : 1. Of 771 student subjects, 393 had 887 accidental injuries during the study period. 2. The month, the day and the time with the highest accident rate were May, Sunday, and between 1 and 4 p.m. each. 3. In the analysis of the location where the injury took place, the most frequent place was on around their homes followed by school and, then, inside the home. 4. Most of the accidents were caused by carelessness on the part of the children and the most frequent type of injury was an abrasion. 5. Children most injured their legs. 6. They were treated at home most often and usually emergency treatment was performed by family members with, disinfection being the main type of first aid. Cost of the treatment ranged from 8,000 to 20,000 won in most cases. 7. House type and parents' education level were statistically significant in chi-square analysis. 8. Parents educate their children about traffic safety most frequently followed by fire safety and, then, prevention of violence. 9. Parents think that prevention of violence should be the most important part of injury prevention education both at school and home. 10. To identify factors related to accident occurrence, multiple logistic regression was performed and the main factors were birth order and house type.

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Correlation analysis between the occurrence of safety accidents and land cover ratio: focused on 119 emergency activity data for Ulsan metropolitan city in South Korea
Jin-Young Won, Jin-Dong Shin, Jong-Seol Lee
Spatial Information Research.2017; 25(4): 535. CrossRef
The Degree of Injury Risk Perception in Preschool Children
Shin-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Ah Kang, Sung-Hee Kim, Jung-Eun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(2): 68. CrossRef
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Nursing & Health Sciences.2009; 11(4): 362. CrossRef

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Effects of Telephone Intervention as Supportive Nursing on Self-Care Practices and Qualify of Life for Gynecological Cancer Patients under Chemotherapy: Ae Sook Kim, Eun Sook Lee, Sung Hyo Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):744-753. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.744

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The effects of telephone intervention on self-care practices and quality of life for gynecological cancer patients under chemotherapy was investigated.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were women cancer patients who had received less than two chemotherapy sessions at C university hospital of Chonnam province(26 in the experimental group: 25 in the control group). The patient's self-care practices(Na & Lee, 1999; Jang, 2004) and quality of life(Lee & Jo, 1997) were measured three times. using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Repeated Measures ANOVA, the Friedman test, and the Mann-Whitney test using the SPSS window version 12.0 program.

Results

This study showed that the score of self-care practices and quality of life for the experimental group under telephone counseling were higher than those of the control group.

Conclusion

This study revealed that a telephone intervention as supportive nursing care for women cancer patients under going chemotherapy was effective for self-care practices and qualify of life during the recovery period. Futhermore, this study also suggests that telephone counseling can serve as a continuing nursing supportive intervention for women cancer patients for the upcoming stages of further chemotherapy.

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Effects of Telephone-based Self-care Intervention for Gynecologic Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study
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Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2018; 20(1): 35. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2018; 35(2): 73. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(6): 799. CrossRef
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Effects of Educational Program of Manual Lymph Massage on the Arm Functioning and the Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: Eun Sook Lee, Sung Hyo Kim, Sun Mi Kim, Jeong Ju Sun; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1390-1400. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1390

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EPMLM(educational program of manual lymph massage) on the arm functioning and QOL(quality of life) in breast cancer patients with lymphedema.

Method

Subjects in the experimental group(n=20) participated in EPMLM for 6 weeks from June to July, 2005. The EPMLM consisted of training of lymph massage for 2 weeks and encourage and support of self-care using lymph massage for 4 weeks. The arm functioning assessed at pre-treatment, 2weeks, and 6weeks using Arm functioning questionnaire. The QOL assessed at pre-treatment and 6 weeks using SF-36. The outcome data of experimental group was compared with control group(n=20). The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 statistical program.

Result

The arm functioning of experimental group was increased from 2 weeks after(W=.224, p=.011) and statistically differenced with control group at 2 weeks(Z=-2.241, p=.024) and 6 weeks(Z=-2.453, p=.013). Physical function of QOL domain increased in experimental group(Z=-1.162, p=.050), also statistically differenced with control group(Z=-2.182, p= .030) at 6weeks.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the educational program of manual lymph massage can improve arm functioning and physical function of QOL domain in breast cancer patients with lymphedema.

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Effects of a Closed Endotracheal Suction System on Oxygen Saturation, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, and Nursing Efficacy: Eun Sook Lee, Sung Hyo Kim, Jung Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1315-1325. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1315

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a closed endotracheal suction system(CES) on oxygen saturation, ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP), and nursing efficacy in mechanically ventilated patients.

Method

This study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a University Hospital in Gwangju City. Data was collected from July to October, 2003. Seventy mechanically ventilated patients were randomly divided into two groups; 32 for CES and 38 for open endotracheal suction system(OES) protocol. Twenty one nurses were also involved to examine the nurses' attitude of usefulness about CES.

Result

SaO₂ was significantly different between CES and OES. The incidence of VAP in CES was lower than that of OES. Nursing efficacy was related to time, cost, and usefulness of the suction system. Time of suctioning in CES was shorter than that of OES. CES also contributed significantly to lower the cost of treatment than OES. The usefulness score of CES increased after 6 months of use.

Conclusion

CES prevented VAP, was cost effective, and a safe suctioning system. CES ncan be used with patients with sensitivity to hypoxygenation and with a high risk of VAP.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY.2021; 12: 207. CrossRef
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Jin-Heon Jeong, Sung-Jin Nam, Young-Jae Cho, Yeon Joo Lee, Se Joong Kim, In-Ae Song, Sang-Heon Park, Young-Tae Jeon
Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2014; 29(1): 7. CrossRef
Effects of Open or Closed Suctioning on Lung Dynamics and Hypoxemia in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Eun Young Lee, Su Hyun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(2): 149. CrossRef
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Endotracheal Colonization and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Patients according to Type of Endotracheal Suction System
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(2): 175. CrossRef

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The Effect of Aroma Inhalation Method on Stress Responses of Nursing Students: Mi Kyung Park, Eun Sook Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):344-351. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.344

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of aroma inhalation on stress responses (physical symptoms, levels of anxiety, perceived stresses)of nursing students.

Method

This study was a quasi-experimental research using anon-equivalent pre-post design and was conducted from June 1 to June 5, 2002. The subjects consisted of 77 junior nursing students who were divided into 39 experimental group members and 38 control group members. A pretest and Post-test were conducted to measure body symptoms, the level of anxiety, and the level of perceived stress. In the experimental group, aromas were given using an aroma lamp, lavender, peppermint, rosemary and Clary-Sage. In the control group, the treatment was not administered.

Result

As a result of administering aroma inhalation to nursing students, their physical symptoms decreased, their anxiety scores were low, and their perceived stress scores were low, showing that aroma inhalation could be a very effective stress management method.

Conclusion

Nursing educators should play an important role in contributing to college students' physical and psychological health by helping enhance their recognition of stress management and effectively relieving their stress using essential oils.

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The Influencing Factors on Alienation in High School Students: Eun Sook Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):45-52. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.45

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was performed to identify the influencing factors on alienation among high school students.

Method

Data was collected by questionnaires from 550 students of academic and vocational high schools in G city. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.

Result

The scores of alienation among students in financially lower middle class and lower class were higher than those of the upper middle class students, resulting in significant differences(F=6.87, p=.00). A sense of alienation showed a significantly negative correlation with the scores of responding parenting style(r=-.32), family cohesion(r=-.33), school attachment(r=-.51), academic performance(r=-.34), peer relationships(r=-.38), self-control (r=-.43), and social skills(r=-.33). The most powerful predictor of alienation among high school students was school attachment and the variance explained was 26%. A combination of school attachment, self control, peer relationships, family cohesion, demanding parenting style, and academic performance account for 40% of the variance in alienation among high school students.

Conclusion

This study suggests that school attachment, self control, peer relationships, family cohesion, demanding parenting style, and academic performance are significant influencing factors on alienation in high school students. Therefore, nursing strategy is needed to manage these revealed factors.

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Development and Validation of Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer (SESSM-B): Ran Lee, Soo Hyun Kim, Keun Sook Lee, Myung Kyung Seo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(3):385-395. Published online June 12, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.385

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer (SESSM-B).

Methods

The SESSM-B was developed and validated as follows: Item generation, pilot study, and tests of validity and reliability. Twenty-one items were developed through evaluation by 10 experts and 13 items were finally confirmed through item analysis and factor analysis. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 303 women with breast cancer. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach’s alpha.

Results

Five factors evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 69.8% of the total variance. The first factor ‘coping with psycho-informational demand’ explained 17.2%, 2nd factor ‘maintenance of healthy lifestyle’ 14.5%. 3rd factor ‘management of side-effects' 13.3%, 4th factor ‘therapeutic compliance’ 12.8%, and 5th factor ‘sexual life’ 11.9%. SESSM-B also demonstrated a concurrent validity with health-related quality of life scale, EORTC QLQ-C30 & BR23. The internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha, was .78, and reliability of the subscales ranged from .61 to .79.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the SESSM-B is an easy, reliable, and valid instrument to measure self-efficacy for self-management of breast cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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