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Original Articles
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Transcultural Self-efficacy Scale for Nurses
Won-Oak Oh, Eun Sook Park, Min Hyun Suk, Yeo Jin Im
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(2):293-304.   Published online April 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.293
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This methodological study was conducted to develop and psychometrically test the Transcultural Self-efficacy scale (TCSEscale) for nurses.

Methods

Initial 41 items for the TCSE-scale were generated based on extensive literature reviews and in-depth interviews with 18 nurses who had experience in caring for foreign patients. Cultural Competence and Confidence model was used as a conceptual framework. Content validity was evaluated by an expert panel. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 242 nurses recruited from four general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyeonggi-do province of South Korea. To evaluate the reliability of TCSE-scale, a test-retest reliability and an internal consistency reliability were analyzed. Construct validity, concurrent validity, criterion validity, convergent validity and discriminative validity were used to evaluate the validity.

Results

The 25-item TCSE-scale was found to have three subscales-Cognitive, Practical, and Affective domain-explaining 91.5% of the total variance. TCSE-scale also demonstrated a concurrent validity with the Cultural Competence Scale. Criterion-related validity was supported by known-group comparison. Reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach's alpha-.88 in total, and subscales ranged from .76 to .87. The ICC was .90, indicating that the TCSE-scale has internal consistency and stability of reliability.

Conclusion

This preliminary evaluation of the psychometric scale properties demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. The TCSE-scale is able to contribute to building up empirical and evidence based on data collection regarding the transcultural self-efficacy of clinical nurses. We suggest further testing of the applicability of TCSE-scale in different settings and community contexts.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Do individual or organizational factors influence cultural competency of maternal newborn nurses?: a cross-sectional study
    Semi Lee, Hyunkyung Choi
    Women's Health Nursing.2024; 30(4): 318.     CrossRef
  • The moderating effect of cultural competence educational needs on the relationship between transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence in Korean public health nurses
    Young-Ran Han, Yeo-Won Jeong
    BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of nurses' compassion competence and transcultural self-efficacy on their global health nursing competency
    Jiwon Kang, Jeongeun Song, Wonjung Noh
    Applied Nursing Research.2021; 60: 151453.     CrossRef
  • The Development of Chinese Version of Transcultural Nursing Self-Efficiency Scale: Using Rasch Model Analysis
    Yi Tian, Li Wang, Yan Xu, Zhuang He
    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2021; 32(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • A multilevel investigation of cultural competence among South Korean clinical nurses
    Duckhee Chae, Yunhee Park, Kyeonghwa Kang, Jongdae Kim
    Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences.2020; 34(3): 613.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effects of global health competency improvement programs on nurses and nursing students
    Jiwon Kang, Jeongeun Song, Wonjung Noh
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2020; 76(7): 1552.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Program to Promote Multicultural Awareness and Multicultural Efficacy toward North Korean Defectors for Nursing Students
    Jin Kyoung Park
    Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(1): 58.     CrossRef
  • Development of the Cultural Competence Scale for Registered Nurses (CCS-RN)
    Kyung Won Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Young Hee Kim, Hyun Kyoung Kim, Hae Sook Park, Sun Hee Lee, Geum Hee Jeong
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(3): 281.     CrossRef
  • Development and Cross-Validation of the Short Form of the Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses
    Duckhee Chae, Yunhee Park
    Asian Nursing Research.2018; 12(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • 269 View
  • 4 Download
  • 9 Crossref
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Development of a Cultural Competence Scale for Nursing Students
Seok-Young Han, Hyang-In Cho Chung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(5):684-693.   Published online October 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.684
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This methodological study was conducted to develop and test a cultural competence scale for nursing students.

Methods

Based on the five constructs of cultural competency identified in the conceptual analysis of Suh, 76 items for the tool were derived initially. These items were reduced to 58 items after content validity tests (two times) by 6 multicultural experts. Data collected from 526 nursing students were utilized to test the validity and reliability of the preliminary tool. Item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha were used for the analysis.

Results

Twenty-seven items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 5 factors explaining 62.1% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was .91 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .76 to .91. Criterion validity between the developed tool and empathy (r=.26, p <.001) was significant.

Conclusion

The results show that this scale can provide scientific and empirical data when evaluating the effectiveness of school curriculums or multicultural empowerment programs regarding cultural competence of nursing students.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Clinical learning environment: Improving cultural competence in nursing students
    Kuswantoro Rusca Putra, Alfrina Hany, Ratih Arum Vatmasari, Ike Nesdia Rahmawati, Ridhoyanti Hidayah, Kaista Bunga Disy Agse, Moch Denny Rosyid, Soniya Nailun Najah Zuhri
    Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influential Factors Associated With Nursing Students’ Cultural Competence
    Jiyoung Kim, Narae Heo
    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Eun Ho Park, Mihyun Park
    Journal of Beliefs & Values.2024; 45(4): 553.     CrossRef
  • Enhancing cultural competency and empathy toward foreign patients for Korean nursing students through a simulation: A quasi-experimental study
    Mijin Shin, Hyunjoo Na, Sujeong Kim
    Nurse Education in Practice.2023; 69: 103615.     CrossRef
  • Transcultural adaptation and validity of the nurse professional competence scale Korean version for graduating nursing students: An explanatory factor analysis
    Su Jung Lee, Hyun‐Ju Seo, Kye Ha Kim, Jinhee Kim, Hyunlye Kim, Jeong‐Min Park
    Nursing Open.2023; 10(2): 579.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Cultural Competence in a Sample of Nursing Students during the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic in Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Hyeran An, Juhyun Jin, Taehyun Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(22): 15181.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a multicultural education program based on international students’ participation on intercultural communication competence and nursing professionalism
    Kyung Jin Hong, Jungjin Han
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 389.     CrossRef
  • Effect of compassion competence on cultural competence in student nurses: Mediating effect of professional nursing values
    Jumi Lee, Won Hee Jun
    Journal of Professional Nursing.2022; 41: 134.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Global Nursing Practice Education Experience
    Eun Sil Cho, Myoung Hee Seo, Soo Ok You, Ok Hee Ahn, Myeoung Hi Song
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(4): 485.     CrossRef
  • The impact of cultural immersion international learning experiences on cultural competence of nursing students: A critical integrative review
    Elise J. Matthews, Laurie Clune, Florence Luhanga, Reny Loewen
    Journal of Professional Nursing.2021; 37(5): 875.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effects of global health competency improvement programs on nurses and nursing students
    Jiwon Kang, Jeongeun Song, Wonjung Noh
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2020; 76(7): 1552.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Cultural Competence on Nursing Professionalism of Nursing Students
    Mijeong Park, Hana Yoo
    Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(1): 38.     CrossRef
  • A Literature Review of the Studies on Cultural Competency of Nurses and Nursing Students in Korea
    Min-A Kim, So-Eun Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(4): 450.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Critical Thinking Disposition and Empathy on Cultural Competency in Dental Hygiene Students
    Ji-Min Hwang, Ji-Hyoung Han
    Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2018; 18(1): 24.     CrossRef
  • Effects of cultural education and cultural experiences on the cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students
    Jeong-Sil Choi, Ji-Soo Kim
    Nurse Education in Practice.2018; 29: 159.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Cultural Competence Educational Program for Nursing Students
    Hyang-In Cho Chung, Seok-Young Han, Seung-Hee Seo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(4): 406.     CrossRef
  • Effects on Critical Thinking Disposition and Empathy on Cultural Competency in Nursing Students
    Eun Ju Song, Ya Ki Yang, Sook Kyoung Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 347.     CrossRef
  • A Concept Analysis of Cultural Nursing Competence
    Geum Hee Jeong, Hye-Sook Park, Kyung Won Kim, Young Hee Kim, Sun Hee Lee, Hyun-Kyoung Kim
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(2): 86.     CrossRef
  • Relationship Between Self-Reflection, Critical Thinking Disposition, Muti Cultural Experience and Cultural Competence in nursing students
    So-Young Pak
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(12): 345.     CrossRef
  • 371 View
  • 9 Download
  • 19 Crossref
Close layer
Effects of a Multicultural Education Program on the Cultural Competence, Empathy and Self-efficacy of Nursing Students
Eun-Hee Peek, Chai-Soon Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):690-696.   Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.690
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to examine the effects of a multicultural education program on nursing students' cultural competence, empathy, and self-efficacy.

Methods

In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=40) or a control group (n=40). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and paired t-test with the SPSS windows 18.0 program.

Results

After receiving the multicultural education program, the levels of cultural competence and self-efficacy in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. The level of empathy increased slightly in the experimental group while it decreased in the control group.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that multicultural education is effective in raising the level of cultural competence and self-efficacy in nursing students. Thus, there is a need for continuous effort to integrate multicultural education programs in the nursing curriculum. Repeated study to test effects of these multicultural education programs should be also necessary.

Citations

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  • Cultural Competence of Vietnamese Undergraduate Nursing Students and Influencing Factors
    Thi Minh Thanh Nguyen, Jieun Kim, Soong-nang Jang
    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Nursing educators' experiences of cultural competence in the nursing education program: A qualitative descriptive study
    Fatemeh Darban, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Monirsadat Nematollahi, Nastaran Heydarikhayat, Motahareh Faramarzpour
    Journal of Professional Nursing.2024; 54: 142.     CrossRef
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  • Enhancing cultural competency and empathy toward foreign patients for Korean nursing students through a simulation: A quasi-experimental study
    Mijin Shin, Hyunjoo Na, Sujeong Kim
    Nurse Education in Practice.2023; 69: 103615.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students
    Minkyung Gu, Sohyune Sok
    BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kathleen K. Adams, Britny R. Brown
    Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2023; 15(1): 52.     CrossRef
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    HyunJung Ham, Sunghee H. Tak
    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2022; 33(1): 87.     CrossRef
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    Kyung Jin Hong, Jungjin Han
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 389.     CrossRef
  • Investigation of the Cultural Competence Levels of Diabetes Nurses
    Derya ÇINAR, Nermin OLGUN, Aynur KOYUNCU
    Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences.2022; 12(4): 805.     CrossRef
  • Standing Up for Culturally Competent Care in Portugal: The Experience of a “Health in Equality” Online Training Program on Individual and Cultural Diversity
    Violeta Alarcão, Sandra Roberto, Thais França, Carla Moleiro
    Societies.2022; 12(3): 80.     CrossRef
  • A Quantitative Investigation of Final Year Preservice Science Teachers’ Sources of Self-Efficacy Beliefs
    Dekant KIRAN
    International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research.2022; 8(4): 47.     CrossRef
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    Sook Ja Yang, Chiyoung Cha, Hyerim Lee, Sookyung Jeong
    Nurse Education in Practice.2021; 50: 102927.     CrossRef
  • Cultural Competence and Cultural Sensitivity Education in University Nursing Courses. A Scoping Review
    Cinzia Gradellini, Sagrario Gómez-Cantarino, Patricia Dominguez-Isabel, Brigida Molina-Gallego, Daniela Mecugni, María Idoia Ugarte-Gurrutxaga
    Frontiers in Psychology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2019; 30(2): 137.     CrossRef
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    Won-Oak Oh, Il Tae Park, Minju Song
    Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(2): 214.     CrossRef
  • Development and Cross-Validation of the Short Form of the Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses
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  • The Effect of a Teaching Model for Improving Undergraduate Nursing Students' Cultural Competency
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    Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2018; 24(1): 100.     CrossRef
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    PLOS ONE.2018; 13(4): e0195470.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2018; 24(2): 181.     CrossRef
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    BMC Nursing.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Effects of a Cultural Competence Promotion Program for Multicultural Maternity Nursing Care: Case-based Small Group Learning
Myung-Sook Park, Young-Ran Kweon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):626-635.   Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.626
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a cultural competence improvement program for maternity nurses.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design was used. Participants were 67 maternity nurses caring for multicultural pregnant women in G city. The cultural competence improvement program was developed based on the 3-D Puzzle Model and was provided using case-based small group learning methods for the experimental group (n=31). The control group (n=36) did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires at two time points: prior to the intervention and after the intervention and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ2-test, and t-test.

Results

Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant positive changes for cultural knowledge (t=6.39, p<.001), cultural awareness (t=3.50, p<.001), and cultural acceptance (t=4.08, p<.001). However, change in cultural nursing behaviors (t=0.92, p=.067) was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that a cultural competence improvement program with case-based small group learning is a useful intervention strategy to promote multicultural maternity care. Further, strategies to improve cultural nursing behavior should be developed to promote culturally congruent nursing care.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Nursing educators' experiences of cultural competence in the nursing education program: A qualitative descriptive study
    Fatemeh Darban, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Monirsadat Nematollahi, Nastaran Heydarikhayat, Motahareh Faramarzpour
    Journal of Professional Nursing.2024; 54: 142.     CrossRef
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    Soon-Ok Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11458.     CrossRef
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    Duckhee Chae, Jinhee Kim, Suhee Kim, Jina Lee, Seojin Park
    Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Duckhee Chae, Yunhee Park
    Journal of Nursing Management.2019; 27(1): 197.     CrossRef
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    Hyang-In Cho Chung, Seok-Young Han, Seung-Hee Seo
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    Ella T. Heitzler
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    Myeong Jeong Chae, Jin-il Kim
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