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The Effect of Supportive Nursing on the Stress Reaction of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Jum Hee Park
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):912-922.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.912
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supportive nursing one stress reaction of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used for this experimental study. The subjects were 32 patients who were receiving chemotherapy after mastectomies at K hospital in Taegu from June, 1994 to June 1995. Among 32 subjects, 16 were placed in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. The experimental and control groups were tested for general characteristics, trait anxiety, health locus of control, family support, state anxiety, hopelessness, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. Collected data was analyzed by means of a chisquare test and a t-test for the comparative analysis of the general characteristics and homogeneity of subjects. ANOVA, and MANOVA were used for testing the hypothesis. Reliability of the tools were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The hypothesis ; The stress reaction of the experimental group which took supportive nursing was lower than the stress reaction of the control group ; this was supported statistically. The main variable influenced in stress reaction was hopelessness. Supportive nursing for breast cancer patients, who are receiving chemotherapy, was especially effective in the reduction of hopelessness compared to state anxiety, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. 2. An analysis of the difference on stress reaction, according to the frequency of supportive nursing between the control and experimental group showed the level of hopelessness of the experimental group was lower than the control group after four supportive meeting sessions. But there was no statistical difference in state anxiety, physical stress, and anxiety behavior. In conclusion, this study supported utilization of supportive care as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of the System-Developmental Stress Model developed by Chrisman and Riehl-Sisca.

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Effects of Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Functions and Shoulder Joint Functioning in Breast Cancer Patients undergoing Radiation Therapy after Breast Surgery
Young Ran Chae, Myoung Ae Choe
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(3):454-466.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.3.454
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise program on cardiopulmonary functions and shoulder joint functioning in breast cancer patients who under- went radiation therapy after surgery. METHOD: Subjects in the experimental group(N=12) participated in an exercise program for eight weeks. The Exercise program consisted of shoulder stretching, arm weight training, and walking on treadmill. Maximal oxygen uptake(o2max), maximal running time, shoulder joint range of motion, and shoulder functional assessment were determined before and after the exercise program. Baseline sociodemographic and medical data were compared between experimental group and control group using the Fisher's exact test and Mann- Whitney U test. For effects of the exercise program, repeated measures ANOVA were used. RESULT: 1) Following the exercise program for eight weeks, both o2 max and maximal running time tended to increase in experimental group comparing with the control group. 2) Shoulder abduction, extension and flexion of the operated upper extremity in the experimental group comparing with control significantly increased after the exercise program(p<0.05). 3) Shoulder flexion of the normal upper extremity in the experimental group comparing with control significantly increased after the exercise program(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The
results
suggest that the exercise program for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy after breast surgery can improve shoulder functions and increase cardiopulmonary functions, which are maximal oxygen uptake and maximal running time.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Short-term effects of a new resistance exercise approach on physical function during chemotherapy after radical breast cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial
    Ming Huo, Xin Zhang, Jialin Fan, Hao Qi, Xuemei Chai, Minghui Qu, Yuqi Shan, Hualong Xie, Chao Wang
    BMC Women's Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pre-post analysis of a social capital-based exercise adherence intervention for breast cancer survivors with moderate fatigue: a randomized controlled trial
    Sue Kim, Yun Hee Ko, Yoonkyung Song, Min Jae Kang, Hyojin Lee, Sung Hae Kim, Justin Y. Jeon, Young Up Cho, Gihong Yi, Jeehee Han
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2020; 28(11): 5281.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Resistance Exercise using Elastic Band on Range of Motion, Function and Shoulder Pain among Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair
    Jae Ok Sim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2016; 28(5): 491.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of a PNF Technique Program after Mastectomy on Lymphedema Patients’ Depression and Anxiety
    Kyungjin Ha, Seungjun Choi
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2014; 26(7): 1065.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Rehabilitation Program on Quality of Life, Cardiopulmonary Function and Fatigue During Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer Patients
    Jung-Hwa Do, Jun-Hyuk Seong, Jun-Su Ahn, Young-Ki Cho
    Physical Therapy Korea.2012; 19(1): 56.     CrossRef
  • Exercise interventions for upper-limb dysfunction due to breast cancer treatment
    Margaret L McNeely, Kristin Campbell, Maria Ospina, Brian H Rowe, Kelly Dabbs, Terry P Klassen, John Mackey, Kerry Courneya
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2010;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of comprehensive group rehabilitation for women with early breast cancer in South Korea
    Ok‐Hee Cho, Yang‐Sook Yoo, Nam‐Cho Kim
    Nursing & Health Sciences.2006; 8(3): 140.     CrossRef
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Mediation Effect of Hope between Fatigue and Psychosoical Adjustment in Women with Breast Cancer
Eun Hyun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(4):857-868.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.4.857
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of the present study is to identify the mediation effect of hope between fatigue and psychosocial adjustment in women with breast cancer. The framework for this study was guided by concepts and propositions derived from the theoretical and empirical literature on fatigue, hope and adjustment. The design of this study is a descriptive correlation study using a cross-sectional design. One hundred and twenty two outpatients with early breast cancer, receiving post-surgical radiation therapy or chemotherapy, were selected from three major medical centers in Seoul, Korea. A packet including PABCF (Psychosoical Adjustment to Breast Cancer Factor), revised RPFS (Revised Piper Fatigue Scale), HHI (Herth Hope Index), and self-addressed return envelope was given to the participants at seven to eight weeks post surgery. The questionnaires were to be completed at home and returned to the researcher by mail. The obtained data were analyzed using three regression equations guided by Baron and Kenny (1986); first, hope was regressed on fatigue; second, psychosocial adjustment was regressed on fatigue; and third, psychosocial adjustment was regressed on fatigue and hope, simultaneously. In the first equation, fatigue explained 4% of the variance in hope. In the second equation, fatigue explained 47% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment. In the last equation, hope and fatigue significantly explained the variance in psychosocial adjustment. Therefore, all conditions for the test of mediation effect of hope were satisfied. For the test of the mediation effect, the beta coefficients of fatigue on psychosocial adjustment on the second and third regression equations were compared. The beta coefficients were decreased from .69 (p < .001) on the second regression equation to .63 (p < .001) on the third regression equation. Thus, the hypothesis of this study was supported. As a result of this study, the negative Influence of fatigue on psychosocial adjustment is dampened through the mediator effect of hope in women with breast cancer. Therefore, when planning care for the adverse effect of fatigue on psychosocial adjustment, oncology nurses should consider hope as a mediator between fatigue and psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Relationship of Spiritual Well-being, Hope on Fatigue in Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy
    So Yeun Jun, Il Sun Ko
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(6): 557.     CrossRef
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Predictors of Participation in Support Groups among Women with Breast Cancer
Jina Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):635-644.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.635
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study examined what characteristics and variables predict participation in support groups for women with breast cancer.

Method

282 women with breast cancer from 4 hospitals located in Busan were included in the study. Data was measured on each participant from September 2006 to February 2007. Data was collected using structured researcheradministered sheets and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Results

The clients reported medium levels of illness perception, anxiety and depression, stress with coping, social support and self-efficacy. 48.9% of women with breast cancer participated in support groups. Significant influencing factors on the participation in support groups were 'operation time(+)', 'illness perception(+)', 'social support(-)', and 'self-efficacy(+)' Those variables explained 73.4%.

Conclusion

It is necessary to develop a strategy or promoting program for promotion of illness perception and self-efficacy of women with breast cancer. Thus, it is essential to provide participation to a support group to a women with breast cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of stress appraisal on the quality of life of adult patients with multiple myeloma and their primary family caregivers in Korea
    In Seo La, Eun Kyoung Yun
    Psycho-Oncology.2017; 26(10): 1640.     CrossRef
  • Effect of empowerment on the quality of life of the survivors of breast cancer: The moderating effect of self‐help group participation
    Sunhwa Shin, Hyojung Park
    Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2017; 14(4): 311.     CrossRef
  • The Experience of Self-help Group Activities among Women with Breast Cancer in Korea
    Myungsun Yi, Young Mi Ryu, Eunkyung Hwang
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(4): 466.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing health-promoting behaviors in Korean breast cancer survivors
    Myungsun Yi, Jeongeun Kim
    European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2013; 17(2): 138.     CrossRef
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Predictors of Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer
Yeon Ok Suh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(4):459-466.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.4.459
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to identify predictors of quality of life in breast cancer patients. Physical and pscyhological factors like stress, mood, and fatigue with sociodemographic factors like education, income, job and stage of disease were used to predict quality of life.

Methods

One hundred eleven patients with breast cancer participated in this study? The functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast(FACT-B) was used to assess quality of life.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 46.7 years. The FACT-B mean score was 89.89 (SD:17.31) Education, income, job and stage of disease were significantly associated with QOL. In a regression analysis, mood, income, and fatigue were significant predictors for QOL: where as, stress was not significant. Among the subscales of QOL, physical well-being, functional well-being, emotional well-being, and the breast cancer subscale were included as predictors of QOL

Conclusion

Physical and psychological factors were strong predictors of QOL. These results demonstrate the need for interventions to improve QOL in breast cancer survivors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The effect of myofascial release in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema: a cross-over randomized controlled trial
    Yena KIM, Eun Y. PARK, Haneul LEE
    European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Community Participation in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Hye-Mi Kim, Gyeong-A Park, Jin-Ju Park, Myung-Hwa Oh
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy.2019; 27(4): 69.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma
    Hee-Young Kang, Eun-Young Choi
    Contemporary Nurse.2019; 55(2-3): 109.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Nutrition Education on the Eating Habits and Quality of Life of Gastric Cancer Outpatients Undergoing Gastrectomy
    YoonHee Jung, Joomin Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(2): 162.     CrossRef
  • Effect of empowerment on the quality of life of the survivors of breast cancer: The moderating effect of self‐help group participation
    Sunhwa Shin, Hyojung Park
    Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2017; 14(4): 311.     CrossRef
  • Impact of socioeconomic status and subjective social class on overall and health-related quality of life
    Jae-Hyun Kim, Eun-Cheol Park
    BMC Public Health.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Quality of Life during Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer Patients in South Korea
    Yongae Baek, Myungsun Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 604.     CrossRef
  • Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance, and Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy
    Ran Young Kim, Hyojung Park
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(2): 188.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Characteristics and Symptoms in Home-Based Hospice-Palliative Care Patients Registered at Local Public Health Centers
    Soon-Ock Choi, Sook-Nam Kim
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2015; 18(4): 329.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Resilience, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder on the Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer
    Boo Young Ha, Eun Jung Jung, So Young Choi
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 83.     CrossRef
  • Impacts of the Mood State on the Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Jeong-Hwa Lee, Hye-Sun Byun, Gyung-Duck Kim
    The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(7): 356.     CrossRef
  • Anxiety, Depression and Uncertainty in Cancer Patients Participating in Clinical Trial of Anticancer Drugs
    Haejin Kim, Myungsun Yi
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • The Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer
    Young Mi Ryu, Myungsun Yi
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2013; 13(3): 121.     CrossRef
  • Husbands' Caring Experiences for Women with Breast Cancer in Korea
    Eun Jin Kwon, Myungsun Yi
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2013; 13(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • Distress and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors in Korea
    Eun Jin Kwon, Myungsun Yi
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(4): 289.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference on Sleep Disturbance in Cancer Patients
    Kyunghee Kim, Da Hye Park, Darlee Park, Eunjung Ryu
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(4): 339.     CrossRef
  • Impacts of Fatigue, Pain, Anxiety, and Depression on the Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer
    Hye Sun Byun, Gyung Duck Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(1): 27.     CrossRef
  • The Influencing Factors on Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors
    Yoon Sun Kim, Young Sook Tae
    Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2011; 11(3): 221.     CrossRef
  • Life Experience of Inpatients with Recurrent Breast Cancer
    Young Ju Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(2): 214.     CrossRef
  • Needs of Hospice Care and Quality of Life for Cancer Patients
    In Sun Suh, Mi Hwa Shin, Se Hwa Hong
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2010; 13(2): 89.     CrossRef
  • Biopsychosocial Predictors of the Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients
    Eun Hye Ha, Sun Hee Lee, Joon Jeong, Hy De Lee, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Jung Hyun Yang
    Journal of Breast Cancer.2010; 13(2): 219.     CrossRef
  • Relationships of Lymphedema, the Shoulder Range of Motion, Fatigue and Social Support to the Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer
    Eun-Hyun Lee, Seongmi Moon, Yeongsuk Song, Mison Chun
    Journal of Breast Cancer.2010; 13(2): 212.     CrossRef
  • A Structural Equation Model on Mental Health of Korean Immigrants in Canada
    Jeongyee Bae, Youngsuk Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(3): 389.     CrossRef
  • Health-Related Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer in Korea: Do Sociodemographic Characteristics and Time Since Diagnosis Make a Difference?
    Young Ran Chae, Kumin Seo
    Oncology Nursing Forum.2010; 37(4): E295.     CrossRef
  • Fatigue and Quality of Life of Korean Cancer Inpatients
    Hye Sun Byun, Gyung Duck Kim, Bok Yae Chung, Kyung Hye Kim
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2010; 13(2): 98.     CrossRef
  • Transition of Symptoms and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy
    Min Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 433.     CrossRef
  • Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Jin Hee Park, Eun-Young Jun, Mi-Young Kang, Yong-Sik Joung, Gu-Sang Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 613.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Patients with Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
    Eun Ok Lee, Aeyong Eom, Rhayun Song, Young Ran Chae, Paul Lam
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(5): 649.     CrossRef
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Korean Immigrant Women's Meanings of Breast, Breast Cancer, and Breast Cancer Screenings
Eunyoung Eunice Suh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(4):604-611.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.4.604
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Koreans are one of the fastest growing Asian populations in the U.S. since 1960s. In Korean immigrant women (KIW), breast cancer was reported as the most frequently diagnosed cancer. However, their screening rates for breast cancer are lower than national guidelines; it is assumed that underlying cultural schemas of breast, breast cancer, and its screening modalities exist and need to be studied. This study was aimed to investigate cultural meanings of breast, breast cancer, and breast cancer screenings in KIW.

Methods

Using cultural models theory from cognitive anthropology, naturalistic qualitative methodology was utilized. Three focus group interviews with fifteen KIW were conducted. Thematic analysis with constant comparison technique was performed eliciting units of meaning, categories, and themes.

Results

The cultural schema of the meaning of breast is “mother who is breast-feeding her baby,” with two themes of “balance in size,” and “shyness.” Regarding breast cancer, three themes, i.e., “indifference,” “fear,” and “uncertainty” are emerged. “Lack of information about screening modalities” is the overarching schema with reference to breast cancer screenings.

Conclusions

The findings of this study demonstrate unique cultural models of KIW related to breast cancer and its screenings, which are critical to understand and penetrate their barriers to breast cancer screening.

Citations

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  • The Lived Experience of Body Alteration and Body Image with Regard to Immediate Breast Reconstruction among Women with Breast Cancer
    Jeonghee Ahn, Eunyoung E Suh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(2): 245.     CrossRef
  • Understanding breast cancer screening behaviors of Korean American women in sociocultural contexts
    Ga-Young Choi, Eun Koh, Sam Choi, Ji-Young Cho
    Social Work in Health Care.2017; 56(1): 45.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of an Ongoing, Community-Based Breast Cancer Prevention Program for Korean American Women
    Eun Koh, Ga-Young Choi, Ji Young Cho
    Health & Social Work.2016; 41(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Cultural Competence in Qualitative Interview Methods with Asian Immigrants
    Eunyoung E. Suh, Sarah Kagan, Neville Strumpf
    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2009; 20(2): 194.     CrossRef
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The Effects of a Rehabilitation Program on Physical Health, Physiological Indicator and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Mastectomy Patients
Hyoung Sook Park, Gyoo Yeong Cho, Kyung Yeon Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(2):310-320.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.2.310
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a rehabilitation program on physical health, physiological indicators and quality of life in breast cancer mastectomy patients.

Methods

The subjects included thirty-one patients with breast cancer (17 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group). The subjects in the experimental group participated in a rehabilitation program for 10 weeks, which was composed of an exercise program, teaching, counseling and support for 2 sessions per week.

Results

There was a significant increase in flexion, internal rotation and external rotation but no significant increase in extension in the experimental group compared to the control group. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and CD56 in the experimental group compared to the control group was not significantly decreased after the rehabilitation program. Compared to the control group, quality of life in the experimental group was significantly improved and fatigue in that group was significantly decreased after the rehabilitation program.

Conclusion

The 10-week rehabilitation program showed a large affirmative effect on physical health, physiological indicators and quality of life in breast cancer mastectomy patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Community Participation in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Hye-Mi Kim, Gyeong-A Park, Jin-Ju Park, Myung-Hwa Oh
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy.2019; 27(4): 69.     CrossRef
  • The effectiveness of a rehabilitation programme for Chinese cancer survivors: A pilot study
    Hui Zhang, Yuqiu Zhou, Yuxia Cui, Jinwei Yang
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2016; 22(1): 79.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of home education convergence program on arm functions, occupational performance, quality of life, and depression in mastectomy patients with arm function impairment
    Ko-Un Kim, Hye-Won Oh
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(9): 515.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Sensory Motor Training Using Ball Exercise on Shoulder Functions and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Women After Mastectomy
    Ji-Yoon Seo, Jong-Duk Choi
    Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2016; 11(4): 147.     CrossRef
  • An Analysis of Cancer Survival Narratives Using Computerized Text Analysis Program
    Dal Sook Kim, Ah Hyun Park, Nam Jun Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(3): 328.     CrossRef
  • An exploratory study on clothing benefits sought by breast cancer survivors
    YoungJu Rhee, EunOk Lee
    The Research Journal of the Costume Culture.2014; 22(5): 823.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Home-based Exercise Program for Patients with Stomach Cancer Receiving Oral Chemotherapy after Surgery
    Jin Yi Choi, Hyun Sook Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(1): 95.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Laughter Therapy on Depression, Quality of Life, Resilience and Immune Responses in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Eun A Cho, Hyun Ei Oh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(3): 285.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Nurse-Led Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on Fatigue and Quality of Life of Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy
    Haejung Lee, Yeonjung Lim, Myung-Sook Yoo, Yongsuk Kim
    Cancer Nursing.2011; 34(6): E22.     CrossRef
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Effects of Abdominal Breathing Training Using Biofeedback on Stress, Immune Response and Quality of Life in Patients with a Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
Keum Soon Kim, So Woo Lee, Myoung Ae Choe, Myung Sun Yi, Smi Choi, So Hi Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1295-1303.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1295
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to determine the effects of abdominal breathing training using biofeedback on stress, immune response, and quality of life.

Methods

The study design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design. Twenty-five breast cancer patients who had completed adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. The experimental group(n=12) was provided with abdominal breathing training using biofeedback once a week for 4 weeks. State anxiety, cancer physical symptoms, serum cortisol, T cell subsets(T3, T4, T8), NK cell and quality of life were measured both before and after the intervention.

Results

Though state anxiety, cancer physical symptoms, and serum cortisol were reduced after 4 weeks of abdominal breathing training using biofeedback, there was no statistical significance. It showed, however, improvement in quality of life (p=.02), and T3(p=.04).

Conclusion

Abdominal breathing training using biofeedback improves quality of life in breast cancer patients after a mastectomy. However, the mechanism of this beneficial effect and stress response requires further investigation with special consideration in subject selection and frequency of measurement. Nurses should consider this strategy as a standard nursing intervention for people living with cancer.

Citations

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  • A Review of Commercial and Medical-Grade Physiological Monitoring Devices for Biofeedback-Assisted Quality of Life Improvement Studies
    Pedro Nogueira, Joana Urbano, Luís Paulo Reis, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Daniel Castro Silva, Ana Paula Rocha, Joaquim Gonçalves, Brígida Mónica Faria
    Journal of Medical Systems.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dong Sun Oh
    Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2015; 47(2): 90.     CrossRef
  • Effects of BeHaS Exercise Program on Flexibility, Grip Strength, Stress and Self-esteem in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Sun Young Park, Jong Im Kim
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2013; 20(3): 171.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Laughter Therapy on Stress Responses in Patients with Preoperative Breast Cancer
    Hae Jeong Han, Aris Park, Hyun Sun Kim, HanKyung Moon, Yeon-Hwan Park
    Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2011; 11(2): 93.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Nurse-Led Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on Fatigue and Quality of Life of Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy
    Haejung Lee, Yeonjung Lim, Myung-Sook Yoo, Yongsuk Kim
    Cancer Nursing.2011; 34(6): E22.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Laughter Therapy on Depression, Quality of Life, Resilience and Immune Responses in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Eun A Cho, Hyun Ei Oh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(3): 285.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Relaxation Therapy on Anxiety and Stress of Pregnant Women with Preterm Labor
    Myung Sook Choi, Young Joo Park
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 336.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Abdominal Breathing on State Anxiety, Stress, and Tocolytic Dosage for Pregnant Women in Preterm Labor
    Woo-Jeong Yu, Ju-Eun Song
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(3): 442.     CrossRef
  • Complementary Therapy for Improvement of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients
    Jun-Young Choi
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2008; 51(5): 435.     CrossRef
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Relationships of Mood Disturbance, Symptom Experience, and Attentional Function in Women with Breast Cancer Based upon the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms
Eun Hyun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(4):728-736.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.4.728
AbstractAbstract
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify direct, mediating, and moderating relationships of mood disturbance, symptom experience, and attentional function in Korean women with breast cancer based upon a middle-range theory of unpleasant symptoms.

Methods

This study used a cross-sectional, correlational design. A convenience sample of 125 women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer was recruited from a university hospital in South Korea. The women completed questionnaires on mood disturbance, symptom experience, and attentional function using the Linear Analogue Self-Assessment Scale, the Symptom Experience Scale, and the Attentional Function Index, respectively.

Results

Each mood disturbance and symptom experience showed a significant relationship with attentional function. Symptom experience did not act as a mediator between mood disturbance and attentional function, but it did act as a moderator: patients with a higher level of mood disturbance exhibited a lower level of attentional function when their symptoms were at the level of medium, but not when their symptoms were either high or low.

Conclusion

This suggests that clinical interventions for attenuating the influence of mood disturbance on attentional function may be effective only in women experiencing medium level of symptoms.

Citations

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  • Pre-Surgery Demographic, Clinical, and Symptom Characteristics Associated with Different Self-Reported Cognitive Processes in Patients with Breast Cancer
    Yu-Yin Allemann-Su, Marcus Vetter, Helen Koechlin, Steven M. Paul, Bruce A. Cooper, Kate Oppegaard, Michelle Melisko, Jon D. Levine, Yvette Conley, Christine Miaskowski, Maria C. Katapodi
    Cancers.2022; 14(13): 3281.     CrossRef
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    Mijung Kim, Mi Sook Jung
    Cancer Nursing.2021; 44(2): 145.     CrossRef
  • The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms in Pediatric Oncology Nursing: A Conceptual and Empirical Fit?
    Fernanda Machado Silva-Rodrigues, Pamela S. Hinds, Lucila Castanheira Nascimento
    Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing.2019; 36(6): 436.     CrossRef
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    Mi Sook Jung, Bernadine Cimprich
    Cancer Nursing.2014; 37(3): E31.     CrossRef
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    HyoJin Kim, Sanghee Kim, Hyangkyu Lee, SangEun Oh
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(1): 7.     CrossRef
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The Effects of Foot Reflexology on Nausea, Vomiting and Fatigue of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Jin Hyang Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(1):177-185.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.1.177
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot reflexology on nausea, vomiting and fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Method

The research was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent pre-post design and was conducted from Jan. 26, to Mar. 20, 2004. The subjects consisted of 34 patients with 18 in the experimental group and 16 in control group. A pretest and 2 posttests were conducted to measure nausea, vomiting and fatigue. For the experimental group, foot reflexology, which was consisted of 4 phases for 40 minutes, was given by a researcher and 4 research assistants. The collected data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program.

Results

There was a statistically significant decrease in nausea, and vomiting in the experimental group compared to the control group over two different times. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in fatigue in the experimental group compared to the control group over two different times.

Conclusion

Foot reflexology was effective on nausea, vomiting and fatigue in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in this study. Therefore, foot reflexology can be usefully utilized as a nursing intervention in the field of cancer nursing for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

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The Relationship of Uncertainty, Hope and Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer
Kae Hwa Jo, Bo Kyung Son
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1184-1193.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1184
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of uncertainty, hope and quality of life in patients with breast cancer.

Method

The subjects of the study were 113 breast cancer patients treated at 3 university hospitals in Daegu and Busan from June 1 to September 30, 2003. Uncertainty was measured by the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), Hope was measured by Nowotny's Hope Scale, and quality of life by Ro's Korean Quality of Life(QOL). Data was analyzed with the SPSS program by t-test, ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis.

Result

The scores of uncertainty were negatively correlated with hope and QOL(all p's<0.05). Uncertainty revealed that there was a negative correlation among subitems of hope such as confidence, relationship with others, possibility of future, and inner motivation(r=-.333, p=.000; r=-.230, p=.015; r=-.260, p=.006; r=-.291, p=.003). Uncertainty also showed a negative correlation among subitems of QOL such as emotional status, self esteem, and relationship with family(r=-.29, p=.004; r=-.326, p=.000; r=-.197, p=.044), whereas hope revealed a positive correlation among subitems of QOL such as emotional status, self esteem, relationship with neighbor, and relationship with family(r=.243, p=.011; r=.487, p=.000; r=.29, p=.001; r=.29, p=.001). The score of uncertainty was low in graduate school students and subjects using problem solving as a coping method. However, the score of hope was high in college students and subjects using a problem solving method, and the score of QOL was high in professionals.

Conclusion

Based on the study results, breast cancer patients experienced living with uncertainty and maintaining hope. Thus the study's findings can be useful in directing a comprehensive nursing care plan to improve QOL of breast cancer patients.

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    Fauzia Nazam, Akbar Husain
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A Comparative Study of Korean and Korean-American Women in Their Health Beliefs related to Breast Cancer and the Performance of Breast Self-Examination
Young Whee Lee, Eun Hyun Lee, Kong Bum Shin, Mi Sook Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):307-314.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.307
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This cross-sectional survey was undertaken to examine the differences of BSE (breast-self examination) performance and health beliefs between Korean and Korean-American women and to identify which factors influence the BSE based on the HBM variables.

Method

The study subjects were recruited from both Korea(189 women) and Cleveland in Ohio, USA(146 women). The HBM variables were measured using a reliable and valid Health Belief Model Scale. The subjects were also asked whether or not they did a BSE in the last year.

Result

The Korean-American women who performed the BSE was statistically higher than that of Korean women. Regarding to the BSE-related health belief, the scores of benefits, confidence, and health motivation was significantly higher in Korean-American. After controlling for living places, age, education, and job, barriers and confidence variables significantly explained the BSE performance of Korean and Korean-American women.

Conclusion

There was a differences in BSE-related health belief and performance between Korean and Korean-American women. Among health belief variables, barriers and confidence were core variables predicting the BSE performance of Korean and Korean-American women together.

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Posttraumatic Growth, Dyadic Adjustment, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors and Their Husbands
Seunghee Song, Eunjung Ryu
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):515-524.   Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.515
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify whether the couple perceived breast cancer as a traumatic event, to evaluate the association among posttraumatic growth, dyadic adjustment, and quality of life and to explore the predictors affecting quality of life of the couple.

Methods

A cross-sectional comparative survey design was utilized. Participants were 57 couples recruited from a national cancer center in Korea. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, McNemar test and independent t-test. On the basis of variables found to be significantly associated with quality of life, multiple regression was used to examine the simultaneous influence of multiple predictors.

Results

Breast cancers survivors and spouses perceived breast cancer as a traumatic event (43.9% and 24.6%, respectively). The global quality of life was explained by perception as trauma (β=-19.79) and posttraumatic growth (β=0.46) in survivors, and perception as trauma (β=-18.81) and dyadic adjustment (β=0.53) in spouses.

Conclusion

Results suggest that future research should use qualitative methods to evaluate why contemplating reasons for cancer contributed to posttraumatic growth, examine other potential predictors of quality of life such as dyadic adjustment and intimacy, and identify links between posttraumatic growth and other psychological outcomes such as distress and well-being, using prospective analyses.

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    Jiyoung Seo, Myungsun Yi
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(2): 178.     CrossRef
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    Jin Young Lee, Ja Yun Choi
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    Eun Young Seo, Suhye Kwon
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    Hae Sook Kim, Han Jong Ahn
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Development and Validation of Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer (SESSM-B)
Ran Lee, Soo Hyun Kim, Keun Sook Lee, Myung Kyung Seo
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(3):385-395.   Published online June 12, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.385
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer (SESSM-B).

Methods

The SESSM-B was developed and validated as follows: Item generation, pilot study, and tests of validity and reliability. Twenty-one items were developed through evaluation by 10 experts and 13 items were finally confirmed through item analysis and factor analysis. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 303 women with breast cancer. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach’s alpha.

Results

Five factors evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 69.8% of the total variance. The first factor ‘coping with psycho-informational demand’ explained 17.2%, 2nd factor ‘maintenance of healthy lifestyle’ 14.5%. 3rd factor ‘management of side-effects' 13.3%, 4th factor ‘therapeutic compliance’ 12.8%, and 5th factor ‘sexual life’ 11.9%. SESSM-B also demonstrated a concurrent validity with health-related quality of life scale, EORTC QLQ-C30 & BR23. The internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha, was .78, and reliability of the subscales ranged from .61 to .79.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the SESSM-B is an easy, reliable, and valid instrument to measure self-efficacy for self-management of breast cancer.

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Effects of Mindfulness Meditation Program on Perceived Stress, Ways of Coping, and Stress Response in Breast Cancer Patients
Gwangsoon Kang, Sangeun Oh
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):161-170.   Published online April 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.161
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Mindfulness Meditation program on perceived stress, ways of coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants in this study were 50 patients who had completed breast cancer treatment (experimental group, 25, control group, 25). The experimental group received the Mindfulness Meditation program for 3 hours/session/ week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using χ2-test and t-test for subject homogeneity verification, and ANCOVA to examine the hypotheses.

Results

The experimental group had significantly lower scores for perceived stress, emotional focused coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between two groups for the scores on problem focused stress coping.

Conclusion

According to the results, the Mindfulness Meditation program was useful for decreasing perceived stress, emotional focused coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response. Therefore, this program is an effective nursing intervention to decrease stress in patients with breast cancer.

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A Structural Model for Psychosocial Adjustment in Patients with Early Breast Cancer
Hye Young Kim, Hyang Sook So
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(1):105-115.   Published online February 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.1.105
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to propose a structural model to explain and predict psychosocial adjustment in patients with early breast cancer and to test the model. The model was based on the Stress-Coping Model of Lazarus and Folkman (1984).

Methods

Data were collected from February 18 to March 18, 2009. For data analysis, 198 data sets were analyzed using SPSS/WIN12 and AMOS 7.0 version.

Results

Social support, uncertainty, symptom experience, and coping had statistically significant direct, indirect and total effects on psychosocial adjustment, and optimism had significant indirect and total effects on psychosocial adjustment. These variables explained 57% of total variance of the psychosocial adjustment in patients with early breast cancer.

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate a need to enhance psychosocial adjustment of patients with early breast cancer by providing detailed structured information and various symptom alleviation programs to reduce perceived stresses such as uncertainty and symptom experience. They also suggest the need to establish support systems through participation of medical personnel and families in such programs, and to apply interventions strengthening coping methods to give the patients positive and optimistic beliefs.

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Effects of Laughter Therapy on Depression, Quality of Life, Resilience and Immune Responses in Breast Cancer Survivors
Eun A Cho, Hyun Ei Oh
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(3):285-293.   Published online June 13, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.3.285
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

In this study, the effects of laughter therapy on levels of depression, quality of life, resilience and immune responses in breast cancer survivors were examined.

Methods

A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=37) included breast cancer survivors who finished chemotheraphy and radiation therapy: 16 in the experiment group and 21 in the control group. Data were collected from August to November 2009. The experimental group participated in laughter therapy eight times, twice a week for 60 min per session. Questionnaires were used to me-asure pretest and posttest levels of depression, quality of life and resilience. A blood test was used to analyze changes in Total T cell, T helper, T suppressor, Th/Ts ratio, Total B cell, T cell/B cell ratio and NK cell for immune responses.

Results

The results showed that laughter therapy was effective in increasing the quality of life and resilience in breast cancer survivors. but depression and immune responses did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that laughter therapy may be an effective nursing intervention to improve quality of life and resilience in breast cancer survivors.

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Life Experience of Inpatients with Recurrent Breast Cancer
Young Ju Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(2):214-224.   Published online April 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.214
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Understanding daily life experiences of patients admitted to hospital with recurrent breast cancer.

Methods

The grounded theory method was used for this study.

Results

Consistent comparative analysis was used throughout the study to obtain the results. Results showed that inpatients with recurrent breast cancer experience 'a co-existence of life suffering and fear of death'. The causal condition of this result was determined to be 'patient's response to cancer recurrence (acceptance/despair)', including contextual conditions such as, 'previous experience with cancer treatment', 'patient's current physical condition', and 'treatment methods for recurrent cancer'. Intervening conditions, such as 'a strong will to live', 'family support', 'moral support providers', and action/interaction strategies were found to provide patients with 'a strength to live'. Shown in these results, inpatients with recurrent breast cancer were seen to have a simultaneous 'hope for life and fear of death'.

Conclusion

When providing nursing services to inpatients with recurrent breast cancer, people must recognize there is a notable difference between individual patients' contextual conditions and interactive strategies. Henceforth, proper cognitive nursing must be provided which encourages patients to maintain a strong will to overcome the many hardships of treatment as well as physical nursing, such as management of side effects caused by chemotherapy.

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Body Fat Percentage and Natural Killer Cell Activity of Breast and Rectal Cancer Patients after Diagnosis but before Treatment
Dal Sook Kim, Myung Hee Jun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(2):321-331.   Published online April 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.2.321
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

To examine the relationship between body fat percentage (BFP) and N-K cell activity (NKCA) in Korean breast and rectal cancer patients just after diagnosis.

Methods

With 35 subjects enrolled between November 2002 and May 2003, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was used to estimate BFP. FACS Analysis was used to measure N-K cell activity. The relationships between BFP and NKCA were identified by using curve estimation, simple regression, and multiple regression.

Results

The mean BFPs of the subjects and all the sub-groups were higher than acceptable BFPs. Both the mean NKCAs of male and female subjects were lower than that of healthy women. NKCA was explained by BFP with a 14.9% variance in the total subjects (p<.05). There were significant negative relationships between BFP and NKCA after controlling age, type of cancer, and stage of cancer while no significant relationship was found after controlling for gender. The relationships between BFP and NKCA in the sub-groups of female, breast cancer, and stage I, and II were significant. The relationships between male, rectal cancer, and the stage III, and VI sub-groups were not identified, but they revealed a mild to moderate steep in curve estimation.

Conclusion

Weight reduction could prevent the risk and advancement of breast and rectal cancer in Koreans.

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    Bo Hwan Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Hea Kung Hur, Jong-Ku Park, So Mi Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 641.     CrossRef
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A Study on Behaviors for Preventing Recurrence and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
Hyo Suk Min, Sun Young Park, Joung Sun Lim, Mi Ok Park, Hyo Jin Won, Jong Im Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(2):187-194.   Published online April 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.2.187
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to identify behaviors preventing the recurrence of breast cancer and the level of quality of life.

Methods

This descriptive study was conducted using a structured questionnaire from November 1, 2006 to December 25, 2006 . One hundred and twenty two women breast cancer survivors were recruited by convenience sampling.

Results

The most frequent behavior for preventing recurrence of the breast cancer was dietary treatment (90.9%) and exercise (86.8%) was the second behavior. In addition, most of them perceived these behaviors as 'very effective' (82.8%). The degree of the quality of life of a breast cancer survivor was 5.34 point indicating a 'medium level'.

Conclusion

Breast cancer survivors pursued various behaviors for preventing recurrence of breast cancer. Therefore, the nursing interventions should be focused on a systematic educational approach considering healthy behaviors to prevent breast cancer recurrence for breast cancer survivors.

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