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Review Paper
Characteristics of Aerobic Exercise as Determinants of Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lee, Sun Hee , Chae, Young Ran
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):740-756.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20169
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) according to aerobic exercise characteristics in adults with hypertension using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
The related researches were selected from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and 5 domestic databases up to September 4, 2019. To estimate the effect size, random effect models were used to derive weighted mean differences (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of aerobic exercise on BP and HR.
Results
A total of 37 RCTs with 1,813 samples were included. Aerobic exercise was found to significantly reduce systolic BP (WMD, - 8.29 mmHg; 95% CI, - 10.12 to - 6.46), diastolic BP (WMD, - 5.19 mmHg; 95% CI, - 6.24 to - 4.14) and HR (WMD, - 4.22 beats/min; 95% CI, - 5.36 to –3.09). In detail, systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased in all groups of exercise types, frequency and duration. Systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased in the moderate and vigorous-intensity group. Exercise characteristics with the most dramatical change in systolic BP were water-based training, moderate-intensity, 3 times a week and 8 to 11 weeks of duration. In diastolic BP, the greatest effect size was over 24 weeks of exercise.
Conclusion
Moderate aerobic exercise, especially water-based exercise can be an important part of lifestyle modification for hypertensive patients. Also, it can be recommended in a variety of clinical settings for lowering BP and HR. However, there is insufficient evidence that low-intensity exercise is effective in lowering BP.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of exercise based on ACSM recommendations on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Jiu Chen, Wenlai Cui, Jun Xie, Ratko Peric
    PLOS Global Public Health.2024; 4(12): e0003743.     CrossRef
  • Physical Activity Intensity and Risk of Dementia
    Angelique G. Brellenthin, Duck-chul Lee, Elizabeth C. Lefferts, Wesley K. Lefferts, Ryan J. Dougherty, Youngwon Kim
    American Journal of Preventive Medicine.2024; 66(6): 948.     CrossRef
  • Effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized trials
    Bahareh Jabbarzadeh Ganjeh, Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Ahmad Jayedi, Mojtaba Daneshvar, Zahra Gohari, Reyhane Norouziasl, Shadi Ghaemi, Maryam Selk-Ghaffari, Navid Moghadam, Ramin Kordi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar
    Hypertension Research.2024; 47(2): 385.     CrossRef
  • The Western and Chinese exercise training for blood pressure reduction among hypertensive patients: An overview of systematic reviews
    Kelvin Tsoi, Amy Lam, Joshua Tran, Ziyu Hao, Karen Yiu, Yook‐Chin Chia, Yuda Turana, Saulat Siddique, Yuqing Zhang, Hao‐Min Cheng, Ji‐Guang Wang, Kazuomi Kario
    The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2024; 26(12): 1327.     CrossRef
  • Does regular exercise help significantly reduce blood pressure in adults diagnosed with hypertension within the general population?
    Jesse Schmidt, Nikhil Vatti, Nicole Tenegra
    Evidence-Based Practice.2023; 26(3): 25.     CrossRef
  • Physical Activity and Hypertension
    Peter Hayes, Alexandra Ferrara, Aoife Keating, Kathryn McKnight, Andrew O'Regan
    Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Effects of BeHaS Program on Health Behavior, Physiologic Index and Self-Esteem of the Elderly Living Alone with Metabolic Syndrome Based on Community Based Participatory Research
Kim, Jong Im , Kim, Sun Ae , Park, Keumok , Kim, Jiyoung , Lee, Lina , Choi, Si Wan , Ku, Bon Jeong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):571-582.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19261
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effects of a 12-week metabolic syndrome BeHaS (Be Happy and Strong) program in elderly people with metabolic syndrome living alone, based on a community-based participatory research (CBPR).
Methods
A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was used, and the participants were 43 elderly people living alone (experimental group 24, control group 19). The experimental group received a one-hour program per week and two individual health consultations during 12 weeks. The control group received two sessions about the metabolic syndrome and two individual health consultations. The effects of health behavior, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, abdominal circumference, triglycerides, and self-esteem were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
Results
The health behavior with respect to the metabolic syndrome in the experimental group increased significantly (t = - 3.19, p = .002). Both diastolic blood pressure and abdominal circumference decreased in the experimental group (t = 2.00, p = .028 and t = 3.91, p < .001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar levels, triglycerides, and self-esteem.
Conclusion
The 12-week metabolic syndrome BeHaS program using community resources improves the health of elderly people with metabolic syndrome living alone. Based on these findings, further studies on the effectiveness of the metabolic syndrome BeHaS program and the experiences of those who participated in the CBPR are warranted.

Citations

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  • Exploring the Impact of Smart Mobility and ICT Solutions on Older Adults’ Mobility: A Systematic Literature Review
    Chengyuan An
    IEEE Access.2024; 12: 159056.     CrossRef
  • 노인 대사증후군에 효과적인 중재: 체계적 문헌고찰과 메타분석
    서현 이, 슬 구, 유미 서, 선화 반
    Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(48): 1633.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Effects of Education Only and Exercise Training Combined with Education on Fall Prevention in Adults Aged 70 Years or Older Residing in Elderly Residential Facilities
    Chahwa Hong, Haejung Lee, Misoon Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(2): 173.     CrossRef
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Effects of Aromatherapy on Stress Responses, Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Blood Pressure in the Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
Eun Jeong Song, Mi Young Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):1-11.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aromatherapy on stress responses, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, and blood pressure in patients hospitalized to receive coronary angiography (CAG).

Methods

A non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were patients admitted to the day angiography room to receive CAG at E University Hospital (34 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group). The experimental group treatment was inhalation of the aroma oil blended with lavender, ylang-ylang, and neroli at a ratio of 4:2:1 twice before and after CAG. The measurements of stress index, ANS activity, and blood pressure were performed 5 times as follows: at admission, at pre-CAG after treatment I, at post-CAG, 2 hours after treatment II, and 4 hours after treatment II. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test and repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

Significant interactions in the high frequency of ANS (F=5.58, p=.005) were observed between group and time. Stress index (z=2.14, p=.016), systolic blood pressure (z=4.14, p<.005), and diastolic blood pressure (z=3.28, p=.001) were significantly different between the experimental and control groups after 4 hours of treatment II.

Conclusion

The findings showed that aromatherapy was not effective before CAG, but was effective after CAG. Therefore, aromatherapy can be used as a nursing intervention for patients receiving CAG.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparative effects of music therapy and aromatherapy on stress, quality of life, and happiness among shift nurses in Korea: a randomized controlled trial
    So-heun Lee, Won-jong Kim, Eun-Hi Choi, Myung-Haeng Hur
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 337.     CrossRef
  • Effect of neroli-flavored chewing gum on anxiety
    Mozhgan Esmaeelian, Elahe Esmaeelian
    EXPLORE.2024; 20(6): 103028.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Aroma Essential Oil Inhalation on Stress, Pain, and Sleep Quality in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    JiA Lee, Myung-Haeng Hur
    Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Role of Aromatherapy as a Natural Complementary and Alternative Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
    Hamdan I AlMohammed, Nada A Alanazi, Esraa Fahad Maghrabi, Manar A Alotaibi, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Natural essential oils: A promising strategy for treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases
    Yu Long, Dan Li, Shuang Yu, Yu-lu Zhang, Song-yu Liu, Jin-yan Wan, Ai Shi, Jie Deng, Jing Wen, Xiao-qiu Li, Ying Ma, Nan Li, Ming Yang
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2022; 297: 115421.     CrossRef
  • In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Some Plant Essential Oils against Four Different Microbial Strains
    Daniela Gheorghita, Alina Robu, Aurora Antoniac, Iulian Antoniac, Lia Mara Ditu, Anca-Daniela Raiciu, Justinian Tomescu, Elena Grosu, Adriana Saceleanu
    Applied Sciences.2022; 12(19): 9482.     CrossRef
  • The Comparative Effects of Aroma Essential Oil Inhalation and Music Listening on Stress Response, Vital Signs, and Bispectral Index of Healthy Adults
    Jae-Kyeum Lee, Myung-Haeng Hur
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(1): 62.     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of Essential Oils in Mood Disorders: Interaction between the Nervous and Respiratory Systems
    Timothy K. H. Fung, Benson W. M. Lau, Shirley P. C. Ngai, Hector W. H. Tsang
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(9): 4844.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Gymnastics-based Nursing Intervention on Stress, Obesity, and Mental Health Confidence in Patients with Chronic Mental Illness
    Hee Jeong Kim, Sookbin Im
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2021; 30(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Psychological Anxiety and Physiological Stress Hormones in Korea National Shooters
    Sang-Hyuk Park, In-Hye Park, Seung-Taek Lim, Eunjae Lee
    Brain Sciences.2020; 10(12): 926.     CrossRef
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Blood Pressure Variation on Each Measuring Site in the Right Lateral Position
Hyoung Sook Park, Kyung Yeon Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(7):986-991.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.7.986
AbstractAbstract PDF

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure measurement are used by medical purposes. Most clinical staffs assume that its values are accurate and reliable irrespective of the measured position. In order to measure blood pressure exactly the cuffed upper arm and the heart should be kept at the same level. However, sometimes the blood pressure must be taken with the patient lying on his/her side. In this lateral position it is difficult to set the cuff at the heart's level. PURPOSE: This study aims at applying exact measurements of blood pressure to practical use. Blood pressure measurements taken from the four extremities (right arm, left arm, right leg and left leg) in the lateral position are compared to those taken in the right arm in the supine position.
METHODS
Thirty-one female and Thirty-two male subjects were sampled among fit students and the data were collected from May 7th, 2001 through June 7th, 2001. To begin with, the blood pressure of right arm in the supine position was measured. Then the blood pressure was measured again after 3 minutes in the subject's right lateral position.
RESULTS
The blood pressure in the left arm in the right lateral position was lower than the right arm's blood pressure in the supine position (systolic difference=15.57 mmHg, diastolic difference=10.86 mmHg).
DISCUSSION
Hydrostatic effects are the most likely cause of the drop in blood pressure of left arm in right lateral position. When blood pressure is measured in the left arm in the right lateral position, the position and site should be noted as well as the pressure may be 10mmHg or more lower than the precise blood pressure.

Citations

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  • The Effect Of Dıfferent Body Posıtıons On Calf Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Emel TUĞRUL, Yıldız DENAT
    Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi.2023; 11(2): 229.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of oscillometric blood pressure measurement at both arms in the lateral position
    Maha Mostafa, Ahmed M. Hasanin, Omnia S. Elsayed, Mamdouh M. Mostafa, Khaled Sarhan
    Blood Pressure Monitoring.2021; 26(5): 364.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of adherence to medication in older Korean patients with hypertension
    Yeon-Hwan Park, Heejin Kim, Soong-Nang Jang, Chin Kang Koh
    European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2013; 12(1): 17.     CrossRef
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The Effects of Abdominal Relaxed Breathing Training on Stress response and Blood Pressure for Elderly Hypertensionve Patient
Su Jeong Yu, Mi Soon Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(6):998-1011.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.6.998
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study, the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an abdominal relaxed breathing training which regulates physical response to stress and lessens the activity of the sympathetic nerve.
METHOD
A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was used. Thirty elderly hypertensive patient ; Sixteen in the abdominal breathing group and fourteen in the control group participated in this study. The abdominal relaxed breathing training consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group.
RESULT
1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of total stress response, physical stress response, behavioral-cognitive stress response between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time.
CONCLUSION
Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.

Citations

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  • The Effects of Stabilization Exercise with Abdominal Breath on Balance and Oswestry Disability Index for Low Back Pain Patients
    Ho-Hee Son
    Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2015; 10(1): 107.     CrossRef
  • Relaxation Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
    Seong-Hi Park, Kuem Sun Han, Chang-Bum Kang
    Asian Nursing Research.2014; 8(3): 182.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Hypertension Self-help Program on Hypertension-related Knowledge, Self-efficacy, Self-management Compliance and Physiological Parameters in Workers
    Mi-Young Gi, Young-Hae Park
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Abdominal Breathing on Anxiety, Blood Pressure, Peripheral Skin Temperature and Saturation Oxygen of Pregnant Women in Preterm Labor
    Soon-Bok Chang, Hee-Sook Kim, Yun-Hee Ko, Choon-Hee Bae, Sung-Eun An
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(1): 32.     CrossRef
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Past and Present Obesity, Parameters of Body Fat and Blood Pressure in Korean Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
Hye Ja Park, In Ok Lee, Sye Hyun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(6):1034-1043.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.6.1034
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of past and present obesity among patients with NIDDM and to identify the differences of body fat, blood pressure and C-peptide/glucose ratio according to obese diabetic patients (BMI> or =25 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI<25 kg/m2). Also the final factor is to observe the anthrometric change patterns in the study. METHOD: The weight at 20 years-old, previous maximal body weight, and acute weight loss were queried. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist & hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio, skinfold thicknesses, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and fasting C-peptide were measured in one hundred sixty-seven NIDDM patients. The differences of the parameters ccording to obese and nonobese, and three anthropometric change patterns were analyzed. RESULT: Results were as follows: 1. 66.5 % of the NIDDM patients had a history of past obesity as assessed by their maximum weight, while only 33.2% of them were currently obese (p's < 0.001). 2. The waist & hip circumferences, skinfold thicknesses, systolic, diastolic & mean arterial blood pressure in obese patients were greater than those of nonobese patients (all p's < 0.001). 3. The waist and the hip circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses (subscapula & triceps) were highest among the obese-obese group. WHR and abdominal skinfold thickness in the obese-obese and obese-nonobese groups were higher than those in the nonobese-nonobese group. Systolic & diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures in the obese-obese group were higher than those of obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese groups (all p's < 0.005).4. The abdominal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in female diabetic patients were greater than those of male patients (all p's <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Although most Korean NIDDM patients were previously obese, many of them were not obese during the course of the study. Greater central and upper body adiposicity and higher blood pressure was shown in obese diabetic patients. Also, greater central and upper body adiposicity was demonstrated in female diabetic patients.

Citations

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  • Oral administration of Grifola frondosa affect lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathway on BKS. Cg-+Leprdb/+Leprdb/OlaHsd mouse
    Seong-Bo Yun, Dae-Young Kim
    Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology.2021; 36(4): 203.     CrossRef
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Difference of the Obesity Index, Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Abdominal and Non Abdominal in Men and Women
Hee Seung Kim, Nam Cho Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(4):948-955.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.4.948
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was done to compare the difference of obesity index(waist-hip ratio, body fat, body mass index, relative body weight), blood pressure and serum lipids in abdominal obesity and non abdominal in both men and women. Abdominal and non abdominal obesity was divided into waist-hip ratio above 0.85 in women and 0.95 in men. The subjects were 412 adults (age range 40-59), who had regular health examinations between 1996 to 1997 at the S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA (for adjusted for age) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. 39.9% of men and 42.5% of women had abdominal obesity. The average age group of abdominal obesity was 50.8 which is older than the non abdominal obesity group(48.0). 2. After they were adjusted for age, the group of men who have abdominal obesity had higher levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity group. The group of women with abdominal obesity had higer levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight , blood pressure and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity. 3. In the group of non abdominal obesity, the waist-hip ratio was significantly correlated to body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure and serum lipids the group of abdominal obesity in men and women.

Citations

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  • Association between Obesity and the Prevalence of Disc Herniation Diseases Based on Cohort Data
    Jieun Kim, Hoseok Kim, Kyungsik Jeong, Seungwon Paik, Sukyung Lee
    Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2024; 34(4): 143.     CrossRef
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A Study on the Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm of Diabetic Patients
Hwa Soon Kim, Wha Sook Suh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):741-749.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.741
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between reversed circadian blood pressure and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. The subjects in this study were 18 NIDDM patients who were hospitalized in a medical unit of an university medical center located in Incheon, Korea, between November, 1998 and March, 1999. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer by 2 trained examiners every 2 hours during 24 hours. NIDDM subjects were divided into a dipper group and non-dipper group. Dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime blood pressure(BP) drop of more than 10% compared with daytime BP. Non-dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime BP drop of less than 10%, or an elevation in BP compared with daytime BP. Daytime BP included values obtained between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. Night time BP included values obtained between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Data was analyzed by SPSS/PC package. Chi-square( 2) test was used for the comparison of sex between The dipper group and non-dipper group. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons of values of the risk factors of peripheral vascular disease and the frequency of complications of diabetes between the dipper group and non-dipper group. The results are as follows. There were no significant differences in daytime systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures between the dipper group and non-dipper group. However, night time systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures in the non-dipper group were significantly nigher than those in the dipper group (p=.021). There were no differences in sex, age, body, weight, duration of diabetes, serum lipid levels, BUN and HbA1c between the two groups. On the contrary, 87.5% of non-dipper group subjects showed having hypertension, 30% of dipper group subjects showed having hypertension and this difference was statistically significant (p=.018). All of the non-dipper group subjects (N=8) showed having at least one diabetic complication. However, 40% of the dipper group subjects (N=10) showed having no diabetic complication at all and this difference was also statistically significant (p=.049). There were no significant differences in frequency of nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy between the dipper group and non-dipper group.

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A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Relaxation Therapy on Anxiety and Blood Pressure
Hee Seung Kim, Hae Hiang Song, So Eun Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):282-292.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.282
AbstractAbstract PDF

A meta-analysis of 14 quasi-experimental studies was conducted to compare the effect of size on various relaxation therapies applied to patients and health volunteer students. These studies were selected from theses, dissertations and papers that have been done between 1982 to 1993. Also They have a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pre test-post test design. The studies were evaluated in different ways; 1) types of relaxation therapy, 2) total amount of time of relaxation therapy, and 3) types of outcome variables. For a group of homogenious studies, the weighted mean effect size and standard error were estimated. Some findings are summarized as follows : 1. Jacobson relaxation therapy had a larger effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressures than on state anxiety. 2. For the total time of relaxation therapy, (longer than 60 minutes) had a much larger effect in decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures than in the case of a time period shorter than 60 minutes. 3. Relaxation therapy applied to surgery patients also had a larger effect in decreasing state anxiety than when applied to other patients.

Citations

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  • Effects of Abdominal Breathing on Anxiety, Blood Pressure, Peripheral Skin Temperature and Saturation Oxygen of Pregnant Women in Preterm Labor
    Soon-Bok Chang, Hee-Sook Kim, Yun-Hee Ko, Choon-Hee Bae, Sung-Eun An
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(1): 32.     CrossRef
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The Discriminant Analysis of Blood Pressure: Including the Risk Factors
Hyun Soo Oh, Wha Sook Seo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):256-269.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.256
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was evaluate the usefulness of variables which were known to be related to blood pressure for discriminating between hypertensive and normotensive groups. Variables able such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, and stress, and demographic variables such as age, economical status, and education. The data were collected from 400 male clients who visited one university hospital located in Incheon, Republic of Korea, from May 1996 to December 1996 for a regular physical examination. Variables which showed significance for discriminating systolic blood pressure in this study were age, serum lipids, education, HDL, exercise, total smoking(in order of significance). By using the combination of these variables, the possibility of proper prediction for a high-systolic pressure group was 2%, predicting a normal-systolic pressure group was 70.3%, and total Hit Ratio was 70%. Variables which showed significance for discriminating diastolic blood pressure were exercise, triglyceride, alcohol, smoking, economical status, age and BMI(in order of significance). By using the combination of these variables, the possibility of proper prediction for a high-diastolic pressure group was 71.2%, predicting a normal-diastolic pressure group was 71.3%, and total Hit Ratio was 71.3%. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the association of systolic blood pressure with life style-related variables after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables. First, the effect of demographic variable alone on the systolic blood pressure was statistically significant(p=.000) and adjusted R2 was 0.09. Adding the variable obesity on demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted R2 to 0.11(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of obesity on the systolic blood pressure was 2.0%. On the next step, adding the variable serum lipids on the obesity and demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted R2 to 0.12(p=.000) : therefore, the contribution rate of serum lipid on the systolic pressure was 1.0%. Finally, adding life style-related variables on all other variables resulted in raising the adjusted R2 to 0.18(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of life style-related variables on the systolic blood pressure after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables was 6.0%. Multiple regression analysis was also performed to examine the association of diastolic blood pressure with life style-related variables after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables. First, the effect of demographic variable alone on the diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant(p=.01) and adjusted R2 was 0.03. Adding the variable obesity on demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted R2 to 0.06(P=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of obesity on the diastolic blood pressure was 3.0%. On the next step, adding the variable serum lipids on the obesity and demographic variables resulted in raising the adjusted R2 to 0.09(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of serum lipid on the diastolic pressure was 3.0%. Finally, adding life style-related variables on all other variables resulted in raising the adjusted R2 to 0.12(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of life style-related variables on the systolic blood pressure after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables was 3.0%.

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  • Comparing the ability of anthropometric indicators in determining the prevalence of hypertension among Indian tribes
    Gautam K. Kshatriya, Anjali Kumari, Subhendu K. Acharya
    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2019; 13(1): 696.     CrossRef
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Relation of the Blood Pressure, Lipids and Body Mass Index by Smoking Status Among Adolescents
Young Soon Byeon, Hea Shoon Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(6):1020-1026.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.1020
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationship between blood pressure, lipids and body mass index by smoking status among adolescents. METHODS: This study was designed as a descriptive correlational study. General and smoking characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. The smoking group consisted of 42 (33%) students and the non smoking group 85 (67%) students. Blood pressure, lipids, height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated to kg/m2. The collected data was analyzed by the n(%), chi-square-test, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (SPSS 12.0). RESULTS: 1. The smoking level was different between grade, smoking status among the family, the contentment of their relationship with their parents, school life and teachers. 2. The smoking group's systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index were higher than those of the non smoking group. 3. The smoking amount had a significant positive correlation between total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The result of this study offered basic data to develop intervention programs to prevent hypertension and hyperlipidemia in smoking adolescents.

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    Esra Rabia Akgüç, Mine Müjde Kuş
    Archives of Dermatological Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Youngjin Lee
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    김효주, 김소희, 최성우, Jong Park, SoYeon Ryu, 한미아, 박선미
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    Young Sun Ha, Yeon Hee Choi
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    Killye Kim, Sook Mee Son, Hye-Kyeong Kim
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    Sunhee Park
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The Effects of Tai Chi Exercise Program on Blood Pressure, Total Cholesterol and Cortisol Level in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Eun Nam Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(5):829-837.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.5.829
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week Tai Chi exercise program on reducing blood pressure for hypertensive patients.

Method

A non-equivalent pretest-posttest experimental design was used. Participants were recruited from the Community Health Center in Busan, Korea. Twenty-eight hypertensive patients participated in this study. Among them, fourteen were in the experimental group and the rest are in the control group. Members in the experimental group participated in a 6- week program of Tai Chi exercise. In order to evaluate the effects of the Tai Chi program, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and cortisol level were measured before and after week 6.

Result

After the 6-week Tai Chi program, there were significant differences in systolic pressure (t=-3.13, p= .004) and diastolic blood pressure (t=-4.75, p= .000) in the experimental group when compared to the control group. However there were no significant differences in the total cholesterol (t=1.07, p=.294) and cortisol level (F=1.35, p= .256).

Conclusion

These results suggest that a 6-week Tai Chi program can be utilized as an effective nursing program to reduce blood pressure for hypertensive patients.

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    Wenzheng Zhao, Hanyu Ju, Kaituo Zhu
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    Myeong Soo Lee, Eun‐Nam Lee, Jong‐In Kim, Edzard Ernst
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    In Sook Park, Rhayun Song, Kyong Ok Oh, Hee Young So, Dal Sook Kim, Jong Im Kim, Tae Sook Kim, Hyun Li Kim, Suk Hee Ahn
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    Rhayun Song, Sukhee Ahn, Hee Young So, In Sook Park, Hyun Li Kim, Kyung Ok Joo, Jong Sung Kim
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Effects of Web-based Health Education on Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure Improvement in Postmenopausal Women with Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose
Jeong-Ah Oh, Hee-Seung Kim, Min-Jeong Park, Hye-Sun Shim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):724-731.   Published online October 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.724
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention that used both cellular phones and the Internet to provide a short messaging service (SMS) relating to blood glucose, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

Methods

Twenty-eight postmenopausal women were assigned to an intervention group and twenty-one postmenopausal women to a control group. The intervention was provided for 12 weeks. Patients in the intervention group were asked to access a web site by using a cellular phone or to use the Internet directly and input their blood glucose and blood pressure levels weekly. Participants were sent the optimal recommendations weekly by both cellular phone and Internet.

Results

The intervention group had a mean decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) level of 8.1 mmHg but changes for the control group were not significant. There was a significant mean change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level for the intervention group (-7.7 mmHg). The mean change in the control group was not significant.

Conclusion

This educational intervention using the Internet and a SMS by cellular phone improved levels of SBP and DBP in postmenopausal women with IFG.

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    Xiu‐Juan Yang, Shu‐Fang Zou, Yong Xu, Yi Li, Shan‐Shan Yang
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Effects of Moxibustion on Physiological Indices and Autonomic Nervous Symptoms in Adults with Prehypertension
Soon Hee Cho
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(5):686-694.   Published online October 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.5.686
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to examine the effects of moxibustion on physiological indices, such as 24-hr blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse rate, and autonomic nervous symptoms among adults with prehypertension.

Methods

Participants were adults whose systolic and diastolic blood pressures were in the prehypertension stage and were not under treatment for the condition. Both experimental and control group consisted of 13 participants who were taking classes on acupuncture and moxibustion at a private institute. The experimental group received moxibustion once a day for 15 min, at least 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The results were analyzed using χ2-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and repeated measures ANOVA with the SAS program. Bonferroni correction method was adopted for multiple comparisons.

Results

No significant change was observed in the 24-hr systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups. Differences in the 24-hr pulse pressure and pulse rate were also not significant. However, significant decreases in headache, symptoms of flushing and fatigue were observed in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that moxibustion contributes to alleviating symptoms such as headache, flushing and fatigue associated with the autonomic nervous system among adults with prehypertension.

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  • Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry‐Based Plasma Metabolomics Study of the Effects of Moxibustion with Seed‐Sized Moxa Cone on Hyperlipidemia
    Qinghua Shao, Jie Cheng, Yi Li, Guangxia Ni, Ian Cock
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    Guo Chen, Juan Xiang, Li-zhi Ouyang, Fei Li, Li-ting Xiang, Ying Chen, Zhou Yang, Tie-lang Li, Liang Peng
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    Yoon Ju Han, Kyung Sook Kang
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    Xingjiang Xiong, Wei Liu, Xiaochen Yang, Bo Feng, Jie Wang
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    Seong-Min Park, Hyung-Jin Park, Kyoung-Won Seo, Kun-Ho Song
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    Yoo-Sun Shin, Eun-Ha Kim
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The Effects of Pneumoperitoneum on Heart Rate, Mean Arterial Blood Pressure and Cardiac Output of Hypertensive Patients during Laparoscopic Colectomy
Eun Ju Kim, Haesang Yoon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(3):433-441.   Published online June 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.433
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was performed to identify effects of pneumoperitoneum on hemodynamic changes of hypertensive patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy under general anesthesia.

Methods

Data collection was done from January 2 to June 10, 2008. Seventy-six patients, including 38 hypertensive patients, who had taken antihypertensive drugs more than 1 month and 38 normotensive patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy were enrolled in this study. The hemodynamic parameters were heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) which were measured 7 times from before induction of anesthesia to 5 min after deflation of the pneumoperitoneum. Collected data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni comparison method.

Results

HR in the hypertensive group was significantly decreased at deflation of the pneumoperitoneum and 5 min after deflation of the pneumoperitoneum (p=.012). MAP in the hypertensive group was not different from the normotensive group (p=.756). CO in hypertensive group was significantly lower than normotensive group (p<.001) from immediately after pneumoperitoneum to 5 min after deflation of the pneumoperitoneum.

Conclusion

The results indicate that pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery does not lead to clinically negative hemodynamic changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure or cardiac output of hypertensive patients, who have taken antihypertensive drugs for more than 1 month.

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  • Non-Invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring with Electrical Cardiometry During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgery, a Cross-Sectional Study
    Khaled Ahmed Yassen, Walla Aljumaiy, Imran Alherz, Lina A. AlMudayris, Sara Abdulhameed AlBunyan, Renad S. AlSubaie, Fatma Alniniya, Sherif Saleh
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(7): 2228.     CrossRef
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The Effects of the Inhalation Method Using Essential Oils on Blood Pressure and Stress Responses of Clients with Essential Hypertension
Jin Hee Hwang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(7):1123-1134.   Published online December 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.7.1123
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aromatherapy on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension.

Method

There were fifty-two subjects divided into an essential oil group, placebo group, and control group by random assignment. The application of aromatherapy was the inhalation method of blending oils with lavender, ylangylang, and bergamot once daily for 4 weeks. To evaluate the effects of aromatherapy, blood pressure and pulse were measured two times a week and serum cortisol levels, catecholamine levels, subjective stress, and state anxiety were measured before and after treatment in the three groups. Data was analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and χ2-test using the SPSS 10.0 program.

Results

The blood pressure, pulse, subjective stress, state anxiety, and serum cortisol levels among the three groups were significantly statistically different. The differences of catecholamine among the three groups were not significant statistically.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the inhalation method using essential oils can be considered an effective nursing intervention that reduces psychological stress responses and serum cortisol levels, as well as the blood pressure of clients with essential hypertension.

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    Magdalena Sánchez-Urbina, Raymundo Velasco-Rodríguez, Maria Gicela Pérez-Hernández, Ángel Gabriel Hilerio-López, José Antonio Vázquez-Espinoza
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    Hafize ÖZDEMİR, Gürsel ÖZTUNÇ
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    Mohammad Nategh, Mohammad Reza Heidari, Abbas Ebadi, Reza Norouzadeh, Zahra Mohebbinia, Bahman Aghaie
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    Hudson Polonini, Dominique Mesquita, Julia Lanine, Eli Dijkers, Spiros Gkinis, Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo, Marcos Antônio Fernandes Brandão, Anderson de Oliveira Ferreira
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    Eun Jeong Song, Mi Young Lee
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    Sri Maisi, Suryono Suryono, Melyana Nurul Widyawati, Ari Suwondo, Suryati Kusworowulan
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    Ye-Jung Ko, Myoung-Soon Jung, Kyung-Sook Park
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  • Effects of Aroma inhalation on Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, Sleep, Stress, and Anxiety in Patients with Essential Hypertension
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  • Effects of Aromatherapy on Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System, Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Aortic Augmentation Index in Patients with Essential Hypertension
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Anger, Cardiovascular Health and Depression in Middle-aged Korean Men: the Mediating Effect of Social Support
Young Joo Park, Soonim Baik, Hyun Jeong Shin, Ji Won Yoon, Sook Hee Chun, Sohyun Moon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(5):863-871.   Published online August 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.5.863
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

A descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of trait anger and anger expression to blood pressure, cholesterol, and depression in middle-aged Korean men. In addition, this study investigated the mediating effect of social support in relation to anger and other variables.

Methods

Two hundred and ninety nine men aged 40 to 64 years were recruited from a health center at K University Hospital located in Ansan City, Kyungki province, Korea. The instruments used were Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory-the Korean version for trait anger and anger expression, Beck's depression inventory for depression, and a Personal resource questionnaire for perceived social support.

Results

Men with high trait anger showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure(BP) and diastolic BP. The level of cholesterol did not have a significant relationship with trait anger and anger expression. The severity of depression was significantly higher in men with high trait anger or more frequent uses of anger-in or anger-out. The perceived social support had a significant mediating effect in relation to trait anger and depression.

Conclusions

Various nursing interventions for managing anger or improving social support need to be developed in a future study.

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