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Research Papers
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Occupational Coping Self-Efficacy Scale for Nurses
Youngrye Park, Sunah Park, Hee Ran Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):633-644.   Published online November 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24094
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the occupational coping self-efficacy for nurses (K-OCSE-N) scale.

Methods

The English version of the OCSE-N scale was translated into Korean using a translation and back-translation process. Data were gathered from 213 nurses employed in a general hospital in South Korea. The content validity was assessed using the content validity index. The construct validity was verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Criterion validity was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients with the job stress coping and general self-efficacy scales. Reliability was examined using item-total score correlation and Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis identified two factors that explained 61.8% of the cumulative variance: occupational burden and relational difficulty. In confirmatory factor analysis, the model exhibited adequate fit (χ2/df = 2.07, GFI = .95, SRMR = .04, RMSEA = .07, CFI = .97, and TLI = .95), with both convergent and discriminant validity deemed acceptable. The criterion validity presented a positive correlation of the K-OCSE-N with both job stress coping (r = .72, p < .001) and general self-efficacy (r = .72, p < .001). The internal consistency of the scale using Cronbach’s α for the total items was .89.

Conclusion

The K-OCSE-N scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring nurses’ occupational coping self-efficacy. This study suggests that various intervention studies can use the scale to assess and strengthen nurses’ occupational coping self-efficacy in nursing practice.

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Experiences of Patients and Their Families Receiving Medical Services Provided by Advanced Practice Nurses at Tertiary General Hospitals
Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Su Jung Choi, Ji Eun Han, Eun Kyung Kwon, Jeong Hee Park, Jeong Hye Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):594-606.   Published online November 4, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24069
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose

This study aimed to understand and describe the experiences of patients and their families who have received medical services from advanced practice nurses in tertiary general hospitals in Korea.

Methods

Data were collected through four focus group interviews with 20 patients and their families who had received medical services from advanced practice nurses for more than six months at four tertiary hospitals from November 29 to December 28, 2023. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

The four themes extracted from the experiences of patients and their families were as follows: unfamiliar medical personnel encountered during the treatment process, healthcare professionals who exhibited excellence, companions to light my way through the tunnel of illness, and an advanced practice nurse system that must be activated urgently.

Conclusion

The study’s findings indicate that patients and their families view the care provided by advanced practice nurses as excellent, reliable, and holistic. Research suggests that advanced practice nurses are valuable healthcare professionals in team-based care. The findings suggest that hospitals should utilize an advanced practice nurse system to improve patient outcomes and ensure the quality of care.

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Factors Influencing Clinical Nurses’ Perception of Structural and Content Career Plateau
Ji Hye Kim, Ji Yun Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):534-546.   Published online October 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24002
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose

This study was intended to provide basic data for reducing the career plateaus of clinical nurses.

Methods

The participants were 288 clinical nurses who worked at five hospitals, general hospitals, and tertiary hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungcheong provinces and had more than one year of clinical experience. The research data were collected from December 26, 2022, to April 7, 2023, using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. The study conducted mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson‘s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis.

Results

Perceived organizational support was identified as the factor influencing structural career plateaus. Factors influencing content career plateaus included growth needs, skill variety, organizational justice, and perceived organizational support.

Conclusion

The above research results suggest that to increase the motivation of clinical nurses and reduce career plateaus, it is necessary to improve awareness and systems of human resource management at the organizational level.

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Original Articles
A Predictive Model on Patient-Centered Care of Hospital Nurses in Korea
Hyun Jeong, Myonghwa Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):191-202.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.191
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Patient-centered care is a widely utilized concept in nursing and health care. However, the key components of patient-centered nursing have not yet been reported. Moreover, previous studies on patient-centered care have mostly focused on components of nursing rather than organizational factors. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of influential factors of patient-centered care is required.

Methods

The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model based on person-centered care theory, and the relevant literature and to test the developed model with covariance structure analysis in order to determine the causal paths among the variables.

Results

The model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level (goodness of fit index=.87, standardized root mean residual=.01, root mean square error of approximation=.06, Tucker-Lewis index=.90, comparative fit index=.92, parsimonious normed fit index=.75). In this study, five of the six paths established in the initial hypothetical model were supported. The variables of teamwork, self-leadership, and empathy accounted for 56.4% of hospital nurses' patient-centered care. Among these, empathy was the strongest predictor of patient-centered care.

Conclusion

These results suggest that it is necessary to use strategies to improve self-leadership and empathy. In addition to enhancing the personal factors of nurses, nursing organizations should strive for effective multidisciplinary cooperation with active support for patient-centered care and openness to change.

Citations

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  • Influence of Clinical Nursing Competency and Nursing Working Environment of Psychiatric Nurses on Person-Centered Care
    Pan Heui Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(3): 229.     CrossRef
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    Ji Su Lee, Mi Heui Jang, Min Jung Sun
    Healthcare.2024; 12(22): 2269.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated With Changes in Patient-Centered Care in Undergraduate Nursing Students
    Seongkum Heo, Brandy Haley, Patricia Wright, Claudia P. Barone, Michael Anders, Tara Bertulfo, Patricia Troyan
    Nursing Education Perspectives.2023; 44(2): 82.     CrossRef
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    Ju Young Park, Chung Hee Woo
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(1): 48.     CrossRef
  • Listening to patients' voices: Applying the design‐thinking method for teaching person‐centered care to nursing students
    Myonghwa Park, Thi‐Thanh‐Tinh Giap, Insook Jang, Miri Jeong, Jahyeon Kim
    Nursing Forum.2022; 57(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing mental health nurses in providing person-centered care
    Suyoun Ahn, Yeojin Yi
    Nursing Ethics.2022; 29(6): 1491.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale*
    Seong Eun KIM, Jeong Suk KIM
    Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2022; 25(2): 137.     CrossRef
  • A Meta-Synthesis Study of Person-Centered Care Experience from the Perspective of Nursing Home Residents
    Eun-Young Kim, Sung-Ok Chang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8576.     CrossRef
  • Effects of health literacy competencies on patient-centered care among nurses
    Yaki Yang
    BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Person-Centered Care Experience of Nursing Home Workers: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Study
    Eun Young Kim, Sung Ok Chang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2022; 24(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale
    Kyung-Ah Kang, Elizabeth Johnston Taylor, Jiyoung Chun
    Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing.2022; 24(6): E250.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care among Hospice Nurses
    Sinyoung Kwon, Kyoung Hee Kim
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2022; 25(2): 66.     CrossRef
  • Development and Effects of a Person-Centered Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Hospitals: For Older Adults with Dementia and Caregivers in Long-Term Care Hospitals
    Jeong Ok Lim, Mee Ock Gu
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 341.     CrossRef
  • Role of self‐efficacy in nursing organizational climate: A way to develop nurses' humanistic practice ability
    Mengru Bu, Haiqi Ma, Huimin Zhai, Yue Ma, Ningjun Xu
    Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(7): 2107.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Compassionate Competence, Communication Skills, and Nursing Work Environment on Person-centered Care in General Hospital Nurses who Care for Cancer Patients
    Mi Jin Han, Seonho Kim
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2022; 25(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing the Performance of Person-centered Care Among Nurses in Designated COVID-19 Hospitals
    Hyun-Joung Yun, Jaehee Jeon
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(4): 413.     CrossRef
  • Hospital Culture and Healthcare Workers' Provision of Patient-Centered Care: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
    Xianhong Huang, Yuan Gao, Hanlin Chen, Hao Zhang, Xiaoting Zhang
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influencing Factors on Performance of Person-Centered Care among Intensive Care Unit Nurses: An Ecological Perspective
    Yein Lee, Yunhee Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2021; 33(5): 522.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care among Care Workers at Long-term Care Facilities
    Geun-Young Kim, Hye-Young Jang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • A predictive model of the perceptions of patient-centered care among nurses in long-term care hospitals: A cross-sectional study
    Myonghwa Park, Hyun Jeong, Thi-Thanh-Tinh Giap
    Geriatric Nursing.2021; 42(3): 687.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Person-Centered Practice Inventory-Staff for Nurses
    Sohyun Kim, Sunghee H Tak
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(3): 363.     CrossRef
  • Hospital Nurses’ Experience of Patient-Centered Nursing
    Soojin Chung, Jee-In Hwang
    Quality Improvement in Health Care.2021; 27(1): 26.     CrossRef
  • Inducing a sense of worthiness in patients: the basis of patient-centered palliative care for cancer patients in Iran
    Mir Hossein Aghaei, Zohreh Vanaki, Eesa Mohammadi
    BMC Palliative Care.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effects of the Nursing Practice Environment and Self-leadership on Person-centered Care Provided by Oncology Nurses
    Sun-Ui Shin, Hyun-E Yeom
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2021; 24(3): 174.     CrossRef
  • The influence of health literacy competencies on patient-centered care among clinical nurses
    Minyeon Kim, Jieun Cha
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(2): 132.     CrossRef
  • “Walking in the patient’s shoes”: An innovative training method using storytelling to promote knowledge transfer of patient-centered care in hospital: A quasi-experimental study
    Myonghwa Park, Insook Jang, Thi-Thanh-Tinh Giap
    Nurse Education in Practice.2021; 56: 103199.     CrossRef
  • Factors affecting to the Person-Centered Care among Critical Care Nurses
    Seunghye Choi
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2020; 13(2): 36.     CrossRef
  • A Concept Analysis on Patient-Centered Care in Hospitalized Older Adults with Multimorbidity
    Youn-Jung Son, Heun-Keung Yoon
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2019; 12(2): 61.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Person-Centered Nursing and Family Satisfaction in ICUs
    Jiyeon Kang, Eun-Ja Shin
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2019; 12(3): 1.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Lateral Violence on Burnout and Empathy with Patients among Nurses: The Moderating Effect of Communication
    Soohyun Nam, Boyoung Hwang
    Stress.2019; 27(3): 224.     CrossRef
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Development of the Patient Caring Communication Scale
Myoung Lyun Heo, Sook Bin Im
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(1):80-91.   Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.80
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study attempted to develop a scale that measures the level of patients' recognition of the nurses' care, based on Watson's caring theory, and confirmed its reliability and validity.

Methods

The items were developed through a literature review and an expert content validity test. The questionnaires were administered to 285 inpatients of internal medicine and surgical units at two general hospitals. Construct validity was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha.

Results

This process resulted in a preliminary scale composed of 34 items; We used item analysis and five exploratory factor analyses, and consequently selected 14 items composed of three factors (respect, genuineness, and relationality). The confirmatory factor analysis verified the model fit and convergent and discriminant validity of the final items; criterion validity was confirmed with the positive correlation with the measurement scale of the patient-perceived quality of nursing . The overall scale reliability had a Cronbach's alpha of .92, which indicated internal consistency and reliability.

Conclusion

The developed scale showed content, construct, and criterion validity, and reliability, as well as convergent validity for each item and discriminant validity between the factors. This makes it suitable for use in a diverse range of future studies on nurse communication using structural equation models.

Citations

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  • Development and Validation of the Therapeutic Communication Scale in Nursing Students
    Soolgi Han, Jinhee Yoo, Kyonghwa Kang
    Healthcare.2024; 12(3): 394.     CrossRef
  • A structural model of nursing students’ performing communication skills
    Cho Rong Gil, Kyung Mi Sung
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(2): 148.     CrossRef
  • Nurse’s Evaluation on Health Education in Portuguese Pediatric Hospitals and Primary Care for Children/Young and Parents
    Anabela Fonseca Pereira, Joaquim Escola, Vitor Rodrigues, Carlos Almeida
    Children.2022; 9(4): 486.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric properties of the Korean version of ComOn coaching for oncology nurses
    Myoung Soo Kim, Eun-Jung Bae, Ju-Yeon Uhm
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 9(4): 210.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale
    Sook-Nam Kim, Hyun-Ju Lee, So-Young Kim, Nayoon Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(5): 617.     CrossRef
  • Development of the Nursing Start-up Attitude Scale for Student Nurses
    Ji Young Lim, Geun Myun Kim, Eun Joo Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(4): 388.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Watson Caritas Patient Score
    SookBin IM, MiKyoung CHO, MyoungLyun HEO
    Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 28(2): e80.     CrossRef
  • 543 View
  • 37 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
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Structural Equation Model for Sleep Quality of Female Shift Work Nurses
Ji Yeong Jeong, Mee Ock Gu
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):622-635.   Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.622
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for sleep quality in female shift work nurses. The hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Spielman's 3P model of insomnia and previous research related to the sleep quality of shift nurses.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling and recruited 285 female shift work nurses from four general and university hospitals with over 300 beds located in C and J cities in Gyeongsangnamdo. Data were collected from September 27 to October 20, 2016, and then analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and structural equation modeling. The study used SPSS/Win 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 in processing the data.

Results

The final model showed good fit to the empirical data: χ2/df=2.19, SRMR=.07, RMSEA=.07, AGFI=.85, TLI=.91, GFI=.93, GFI=.89, NFI=.87. The factors that influenced sleep quality were sleep hygiene (β=.32), perceived shift work status (β=−.16), stress response (β=.16), shift work experience (β=.15), perceived health status (β=−.14), and circadian rhythm (β=−.13) explaining 36.0% of the variance.

Conclusion

The model of sleep quality of the shift work nurses constructed in this study is recommended as a model to understand and predict the sleep quality of shift work nurses. The results suggest that strategies for improving the sleep quality of shift work nurses should focus on sleep hygiene, perceived health status, stress response, circadian rhythm, perceived shift work status, and shift work experience.

Citations

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  • The influence of COVID-19-related resilience on depression, job stress, sleep quality, and burnout among intensive care unit nurses
    Sojin Hwang, Jungmin Lee
    Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Holistic sleep improvement strategies for frontline nurses served during a public health emergency (COVID‐19) in Wuhan, China: A quasi‐experimental study
    Yanli Zhang, Manli Tang, Yanrong Zhou
    Nursing Open.2023; 10(3): 1471.     CrossRef
  • Associations between the Timing and Nutritional Characteristics of Bedtime Meals and Sleep Quality for Nurses after a Rotating Night Shift: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
    Jung Hoon Park, Hyuntae Park, Seongryu Bae, Jiyeon Kang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1489.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of dropout in university students participating in an 8-week e-mail-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia intervention
    Hyojin Nam, Jinyoung Chang, Mickey Trockel, Isa Okajima, Chien-Ming Yang, Ngan Yin Chan, Shirley Li, Sooyeon Suh
    Sleep and Breathing.2023; 27(1): 345.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Symptoms among Rotating Shift Nurses in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Sun-Kyung Hwang, Yun-Ji Lee, Min-Eun Cho, Bo-Kyoung Kim, Yea-In Yoon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 9795.     CrossRef
  • Psychosocial factors affecting sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters: a cross-sectional study
    MyeongSeob Lim, Solam Lee, Kwanghyun Seo, Hyun-Jeong Oh, Ji-Su Shin, Sung-Kyung Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Kyeong-Sook Jeong, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh, Yeon-Soon Ahn
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Secondary Data Analysis on the Quality of Sleep and Related Factors of Novice and Experienced Shift Work Nurses
    Minjeong Yu, Smi Choi-Kwon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(5): 646.     CrossRef
  • Sleep quality among shift-work nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jiwon Kang, Wonjung Noh, Youngjin Lee
    Applied Nursing Research.2020; 52: 151227.     CrossRef
  • Work-related Characteristics and Sleep Quality of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Units of Small-medium Sized Hospitals
    Sujin Shin, Inyoung Lee, Jeonghyun Kim, Sung-Heui Bae
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2019; 26(4): 260.     CrossRef
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  • 9 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Chronically Ill Patients' Perception of Hospital Nurses
Byoung-Sook Lee, Mi-Aie Lee, Yong-Sook Eo
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(3):311-322.   Published online June 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.311
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this qualitative research was to investigate chronically ill patients' perception of hospital nurses.

Methods

Individual in-depth interviews and qualitative content analysis were used for data collection and analysis respectively. Participants were 13 chronically ill hospitalized patients or outpatients in three universities hospitals. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis suggested by Graneheim and Lundman (2004).

Results

Three themes emerged from the 10 sub-themes, which were categorized from the 21 condensed meaning units by interpreting the underlying meanings. The three themes were “person giving comfort and support by caring”, “person facilitating the process of healing”, and “person taking the initiative in power relations”. Two themes involved positive experiences of patients and the other included negative ones.

Conclusion

The results showed that the participants perceived the hospital nurses as devoted to caring for patients and facilitating treatments, but authoritative in performing their duty. Based on these results, it is recommended that hospital nurses improve their nursing knowledge, skills and humanistic attitude.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Significado de la cronicidad para el cuidador y la persona cuidada: una revisión integrativa
    Claudia Andrea Ramírez-Perdomo, Claudia Patricia Cantillo-Medina, Alix Yaneth Perdomo-Romero , María Elena Rodríguez-Vélez, Lili Andrea Buitrago Malaver, Ana Ligia Escobar Tobón
    Avances en Enfermería.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Person-Centered Care Experience of Nursing Home Workers: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Study
    Eun Young Kim, Sung Ok Chang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2022; 24(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Nursing Competence on Patient-Centered Care among Nurses Caring for Patients with Chronic Disease: The Mediating Effect of Burnout and the Moderating Effect of Nursing Work Environment
    Jin-Yeong Ahn, Young Eun
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2021; 33(2): 134.     CrossRef
  • Perceptions Related to Nursing and Nursing Staff in Long-Term Care Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Using Social Networking Service
    Juhhyun Shin, Sunok Jung, Hyeonyoung Park, Yaena Lee, Yukyeong Son
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7398.     CrossRef
  • 327 View
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  • 4 Crossref
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Patterns and Influential Factors of Inter-Regional Migration of New and Experienced Nurses in 2011~2015
Bohyun Park, Se Young Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):676-688.   Published online October 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.676
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the migration patterns of new nurses and experienced nurses and to identify the factors influencing inter-regional migration for solving regional imbalances of clinical nurses in South Korea.

Methods

This study involved a secondary analysis of data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

New nurses tended to migrate from Kyunggi to Seoul. However, experienced nurses tended to migrate from Seoul and Chungchung to Kyunggi. Significant predictors of inter-regional migration among new nurses were location and nurse staffing grade of hospitals. Significant predictors of inter-regional migration among experienced nurses were location, hospital type, nurse staffing grade, ownership of hospitals and age of nurses.

Conclusion

Inter-regional migration occupied a small portion of total hospital movement among clinical nurses. The regional imbalances of nurses were not caused by the migration from non-metropolitan areas to Seoul. Nurse shortage problems in the small and medium hospitals of the non-metropolitan area can be solved only through improvement of work environment.

Citations

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    Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim
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    Purum Kang, A Young Han
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(3): 234.     CrossRef
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    Jinseon Yi, Jinhyun Kim
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    Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10013.     CrossRef
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    Ji‐Soo Kim
    Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2020; 52(1): 105.     CrossRef
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    Eun‐Kyoung Lee, Ji‐Soo Kim
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yu Ri Jung, So Young Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(5): 501.     CrossRef
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    Jeong Hye Park, Min Jung Park, Hye Young Hwang
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2019; 28(9-10): 1856.     CrossRef
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    Eunhee Lee
    Human Resources for Health.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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