No abstract available.

This study investigated and evaluated a method to effectively promote a communication function in families with a schizophrenic patient and the patients' interaction, by a family approach using reinforcement of functional communication between patients and their parents. The subjects of the study were patients receiving treatment in Won Gwang University Mental Hospital from July 1985 to July 1986, and their families. In the experimental group, a family approach using reinforcement of functional communication twice a week was taught. Each of the six sessions took sixty minute*, during which the interviews and questionaires were carried out. The total number of patients receiving treatment in the hospital at that time, 42, were divided by a systematic method into 20families in an experimental group and 22 in a control group. The results from testing the hypotheses established in this study, to analyze the effects of family approach through reinforcement of functional communication, are as follows; The results of the test of the first hypothesis are shown in Table 1. "patients and their parents in an experimental group receiving group training in reinforcement of functional communication will show a greater degree of interaction than those of the control group" was supported. Significant differences included Main Effects p<. 001, Interactions p<. 001 and Explained p <. 001 in the interactions of patients, and mothers. Scores were higher for the experimental group after the treatment as well as higher than the control group.

The purposes of this study were; 1) to gather data relevant to demographic features, major main management practices, and the level of impairment of the activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with back pain, 2) to test the sensitivity of the Korean Pain Rating Scale and the Graphic Rating Scales, and 3) to identify indirect indicators of back pain by analysing pain related-bebaviors. The level of pain was measured by Korean Pain Rating Scale(KPRS) and Graphic Rating Scales(GRS) developed by the reserchers. The GRS consists of two dimensions; the pain intensity (sensory) and unpleasantness (affective) measures. Of the 1,650 diagnosed back pain patients, from January 4 through June 30, 1987 by visiting outpatients' clinics of orthopedic and neurosurgical departments at 11 university hospitals in different districts of Korea, 330 men and women patients were self-selected by responding to the mailed questionnaires. The results were summarised as follows; Male exceeded female patients in number and onset of back pain were more prevalent in the age groups of 20s and the 30s. The average duration of suffering from the pain were 11 months, sixty three (19.1%) of the subjects retired from their jobs, one third(36.7%) have been hospitalized for the treatment of back pain. In two thirds(64.8%) of the cases pain was characterized as lower back pain. The average sleep hour was 6.8 hours per 24 hours and the average rest hour during the day was 3.3 hours. The mean percentage of pain measured by GRS was higher than that of KPRS. The level of sensory intensity as well as the affective level of pain measured by KPRS and GRS were not highly correlated (sensory intensity r=0.4986, affective r=0.5029) which indicated low discriminative power. On the other hand, intercorrelation between sensory and affective dimension measured by KPRS and GRS showed moderate interrelation(r=0.7247; r=0.7899). One-third(32.5%) of the subjects complied with the hospital prescribed treatment while the other one-third(31.5%) depended on self-remedy and traditional practices, and the last one-third did not imply any pain management practices. The following 6 pain-related behaviors such as length of hospitalization, rest hour during day hours, varieties of pain management practice implied, number of pain sites, need for ADL and discomfort accompanied by ADL revealed to be important indicators of back pain. An investigation of sociodemographic features of patients with back pain in a larger context, i.e. with bigger number of respondents is recommended.Tests for construct validity of KPRS, i.e. factor analysis is further recommended.

Twenty five cancer patients were assigned to two groups: The experimental group which received Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) training and the control group without the training. Base line data for dependent variables -nausea and vomiting, state anxiety and symptom distress- were-collected when the subjects of both groups received the first cycle chemotherapy. Then the experimental group was trained for PMR between the first and the second cycle chemotherapy. The same dependent variables were measured during the second cycle chemotherapy from the subjects. Results indicated that the PMR group showed no-significant difference in severity of nausea and vomiting compared to the control gorup.Although the significance was not supported, the severity of nausea and vomiting in experimental group decreased while control group increased between the first and fifth day of the second cycle chemotherapy. The experimental group showed significantly less. state anxiety during the second cycle than the control group (p<0.01). Significantly low symptom distress was also reported in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.01). The result suggests that PMR training may be an effective procedure for helping cancer patients cope with the adverse effects of their chemotherapy.

It is generally accepted that the delivery of health care is undergoing many changes specially those-related to acute, contagious disease care and to the-increase of chronic illnesses which can not be cured but are controlable. The health care practitioner can not be soley responsible for the control of their clients' care. Because the clients will play a vital role in controlling their illnesses, long term participation by both the health care provider and the client is necessary. Since most individuals with hypertension do not experience signs or symptoms, the disease is difficult to detect and even when diagnosed, clients do not comply well with their hypertension regimens. The noncompliant client is at increased risk for com-pliants involving the heart, brain, kidney and other organs. In an effort to explore methods of increasing-patient participation in and adherence to treatment programs for hypertension, the researcher used health contracting to promote self care. The research questions are; 1) Will the health contracting increase compliance in health behavior and reduce the blood pressure? 2) If clients comply-with their regimens will this reduce their blood pressure? The research design utilized in this study was a quasi-experimental design. A purposive sample, was abtained from two. churches in the J. area, consisting of 61 clients with hypertension. The data was collected from the middle of January to the 1st of September 1985. Randomization was only of the two church groups into experimental and control groups. Compliance with health behavior related to the hypertensive regimen, blood pressure and body weight were measured, compared and analyzed. In the experimental group measurements were made 6 times; one month before the education program after education program when health contracting was done and 4 more times once a month for 4 months. In the control group measurements were made 3 times; one month before the education program after the education program, and once 4 months later. There was no health contracting. The data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA according to purpose of the study. The result of this study may be summarized as follows: The result related to the hypothesis on the effect of health contracting are as follows: H1; "The hypothesis that the experimental group, with a health contractual agreement will demonstrate increased compliance levels for health behavior than the control group" was supported(t=-5.29, df= 62, p=.000). H2; "The hypothesis that the experimental group, with a health contractual agreement, will demonstrate a greater reduction in blood pressure than the-control group" was supported (for systolic blood pressure t=2.72, df=62, p=.009, for diastolic blood pressure t-1. 65, df-62, p-. 050). H3; The hypothesis that the greater the compliance of the client with health behavior the lower the-client's blood pressure will be was partially supported (for systolic pressure r=-. 2981, p=.008, for diastolic pressure r=-.1720, p=. 087). From the examination of the results of this study it can be concluded that the interaction between the nurse and the client, contracting to define goals and reinforcing compliant behavior, leads to improved compliance with health care behaviors and thus to-an increase in the effectiveness of nursing care. Further consideration need to be given to the inclusion of the concept of health contracting in primary nursing and to further research in this area.

This descriptive-correlational study was undertaken in order to examine if there were relationships between family support, compliance and life satisfaction in chronic arthritis patients. The sampling method was a non-probability, purposive samplinig technique. The participants of this study were 92 volunteer adults. 1) who have been diagnosed as having chronic arthritis and 2) who were at the medical out patient clinic of one university hospital in Seoul between April 27th to May 12th 1987. The instruments used for this study were the Family Support Scale developed by Kang Hyun Sook, a Compliance Scale developed by the researcher and the Life-Satisfaction Index-Z developed by Wood et. al. Analysis of data was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of study were as follows; Hypothesis I; "The higher the family support, the higher the compliance" was accepted. (r=. 2604, P<.01) Hypothesis II; "The higher the compliance, the higher the life satisfaction," was rejected. (r=. 1663, p>0.5) Hypothesis III; "The higher the family support, the higher the life satisfaction" was accepted. (r= .3914, p<.01) In addition, by using Stepwise Multiple Regrees-sion Analysis it was determined that the main influencing factors on the life satisfaction were family support, the number of inflammatory joints, compliance and pain level. These 4 main variables made it possible to explain 30.8% of the variance in life satisfaction. In conclusion, this study revealed that family support is an important factor that can improve compliance and life satisfaction in chronic arthritis patients.

Infection has assumed increased importance as a cause of death among thermally injured individuals. Decreased treatment effectiveness and an increase in mortality are the hallmarks of nosocomial infection. Infection control is a monumental task that must be achieved to reduce mortalities. This was a retrospective study to survey the epi-demiological features of nosocomial infections in a burn unit and to identify the possibilities for infection control. During the past 6 year 2 month period from July, 1981 to August, 1987, 306 burn patients were treated in the burn unit of university hospital. Among of these, 290 eases were the subjects of this study.The data were collected from the patients' recor-ds after discharge. All data collected were analyzed using percent, x2-test, t-test with SPSS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) Infection rate was 40%. According to site, there were 67 cases of wound infection, 60 cases of post-operative skin graft infection, 20 cases of septicemia and 20 cases of donor site infection. As far as the burn size was concerned, the infection rate for patients whose burn size ranged 61 to 70%, was shown to be 100%, followed by the infection rate of 93.8%, for patients whose burn size ranged from 41~50%. As far as the period of time over which the infection developed, 5 to 7 days showed the highest frequency. Further infection was the main cause of deaths and complications. 2) Based upon the results obained by comparing the general characteristics, between a hospital infection-group and non-hospital infection group, there was a significant defference according to age, the time of the year when the accident happened, the place of accident or length of hospital-admission. And according to the result obtained by comparing the general characteristics of the burn, there was a significant difference according to burn size, burn depth, burn type, and burn site. And also based upon the result obtained by comparing the two groups according to method of treatment, there was a significant difference according to the use of antibiotics and to the type of wound- treatment, and for the 8 different binds of treatment related to infection, there was a significant difference for all. In conclusion, age, length of hospital-admission, burn size, burn type, burn site, burn depth, type of woundtreatment and the 8 different binds of treatment, which are related to burns, were shown to be the factors which affect the infection rate in burn patients.