The purpose of this study is to seek the nursing intervention for the elderly people's positive lives by investigating the causes for their loss and its meanings. The method of this research derives from a phenomenological tool as a qualitative research design. The data collection had been performed from February, 2001 until August, 2001 through systematic interviews and participatory observations of six elderly people (4 elderly women and 2 elderly men) residing in downtown Seoul. It took one and a half hour for each interview arranged five times. The analysis of this research is based upon Giorgi method and the research results on the causes for elderly people's sense of loss and its meaning are as follows. 1) bitter disappointment of family members : unfaithful children, husband's infidelity, conflict with daughter-inlaw, economic hardships. 2) bereavement : loss of spouse or children, a sense of one's own mortality. 3) regret for the past : sorrowful things, unfair treatment, a sense of resentment, a sense of futility, a feeling of helplessness, despair, resignation. 4) unpleasant memories of others : hurt of self-esteem, hostile feelings aroused by betrayal or distrust. 5) grief of lost youth : loss of health, hard married life, unlucky fate. 6) sense of another superable life : regret, awareness, maturity through suffering. As a person ages, the number of deaths of close friends and family members usually increases. The occurrence of such multiple losses can cause the elderly to become overwhelmed by the events. Care givers need to be sensitive to these losses and need to be aware that the elderly can experience an overload of grief. Counselling can often be useful in helping them to come to terms with such multiple losses.

PURPOSE: This study sought to find a nursing intervention tool for enhancing elderly women's lives by investigating the causes and the meaning of their grief.
METHOD
This research was derived from a phenomenological tool such as qualitative research design. The data collection took place from December of 2000 until April of 2001 Through systematic interviews and participatory observations of five elderly women attending C welfare center located in downtown Seoul the data was collected. Each interview lasted an hour and a half and was arranged five times. The analysis of this research was conducted using the Giorgi method.
RESULTS
(1) There was obvious physical and physiological decline caused by aging old; as well as there being spouse health problems, additional physical suffering, signs of senility, adn insomnia, (2) Further grief was imposed by unpleasant memories of the spouse; infidelity, incapability, and even disregard of her own well-being, (3) Then there was pity for children; unfaithful children, uncertain futures of the children, and early death of a child, (4) Also, regrettable fate, painful daily acttrities, unreliable factors, bad circumstances, and feelings emptiness were reported, (5) Finally, anxiety for the future; ac sense of despair, loneliness, economic hardship, and the fear of imminent death increased grief levels.
CONCLUSION
A variety of programs and social meetings for the elderly to overcome their physiological or psychological crisis should be substantially developed and supported by the government. In order to implement the social welfare for the elderly women, special consideration whether on the governmental level or the personal level, should be devoted to the elderly who live without any financial support or social concern.

Citations

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PURPOSE: This study is used to investigate the correlation among a stroke patient family's health, burden and quality of life.
METHOD
Data was collected from one hundred twenty family care-givers registered at K and H Hospital in Seoul. Questionnaire data was drawn up by personal interviews aided by the staff nurses. The analyses of collected data are based on the rate of 100 percentage to the average, t-test, ANOVA, DMR, Pearson Correlation.
RESULT
(1) The influential factors on physical health proved to be age, sex, academic career, matrimonial status, present occupation, economic situation, the relationship with the patient, the patient-caring term, and the family-formation. The psychological health issues were age, final academic career, matrimonial status, the relation with patient and the family-formation. Burdens were shown to be age, matrimonial status, the relation with patient, and the patient-caring term. The quality of life was determined by age, final academic career, matrimonial status, and the relationship with the patient, the patient-caring term, and the family-formation. (2) The rate of the physical condition was 2.87, the psychological condition 2.43, the sense of burden 3.08, and the quality of life was 2.42. (3) The rate of correlation between the burden and the quality of life was (r=−.547), the psychological health and the burden was (r=−.531), the physical health and the burden was (r=−.263), physical health and quality of life was (r=.301), psychological health, and quality of life was (r=.413).
CONCLUSION
It follows from this study that there is a very close correlation among the stroke patient family's health, the burden, and quality of life. Therefore it is necessary that we should find various nursing intervention ways in order to mitigate the burden of family when caring for the stroke patients.

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PURPOSE: This study aims to find the sources of nurses' conflicts and to find ways to eliminate them for improved nursing care. METHOD: This study is based on a phenomenological approach. All participants were woking at K-hospital, located in Seoul. The research was performed from September 2000 to February 2001. Data was collected through interviews and observations while participants were working. Interviews lasted a duration of one and half hours and data collection accured five to six times per participant. The data were analysed by Giorgi
method
and the results are as follows:
RESULT
Essential themes in the professional conflict of clinical nurses emerged (1) The discords of human relationships ; (2) Dissatisfaction with working conditions; (3) Lack of self-respect in one's professional expertise ; (4) Dissatisfaction with one's work ; (5) Depression accurring due to one's ability as a professional. CONCLUSION: The foregoing arguments suggest that nurses perform stressful environments in a hospital originating from the relationship among peer group, working conditions, and lack of self-respect as a nurses. Therefore, hospital authorities should strangly consider working conditions, interpersonal relationships, and working conditions in order to promote self-respect of the nurses hospitals.

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  Chang-Hee Kim, Jung-Hee Kim, Song-Hee Hong
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This study was to provide understanding for the juvenile problem of drug brought about by industrialization, and the importance people that we should take a role in helping to resolve the problem. The purpose of this study lies in approaching the effective methods to prevent Korean adolescents from being involved in drug by examining the factors of their experience. The method of this study is designed to grasp the adolescents' drug experience, its meaning, its structure and the nursing intervention ways. By applying a phenomenological approach which is based on a qualitative research method, the researchers hoped to reveal key data in each group. It has been carried on from October 1998 until September 1999 with sample of 5 adolescent inmates in K mental hospital located in Seoul. The data were collected by sereous personal deep interviews and observations. Collected data were analyzed according to the phenomenological method suggested by Giorgi. The results of this study are as follows: First, pleasure seeking: curiosity, joy, and fun; Second, affiliation: formation of clique with the same age; Third, escape from reality: loneliness, emptiness, heroic mind, self- confidence, self-absorption, and comfort; Forth, feeble- mindedness: anxiety, fear, and temptation; Fifth, psychological unadaptation: wandering, forfeiture, and incompetence; Sixth, physical counteraction: headache, vomiting, loss of memory, loss of appetite and loss of sensibility; Seventh, psychological confusion: illusion, auditory hallucination and dream; Eighth, recovery of self-consciousness: repentance, desire and awareness This study results in the following suggestions of the nursing intervention 1. To cultivate a wholesome game culture for the adolescents. 2. To make up the group activities so that the adolescents can establish their sense of identity through a variety of group counseling program. 3. To foster the capability to cope with the change in the process of social accommodation. 4. To enforce the social life skill for the adolescents. 5. To practice the systematic education about drug use. 6. To develop the social education programs. 7. To help the adolescents build up their sense of identity by applying the adolescent cure programs. Above all, it is necessary that school and community as well as home should establish the educational environment paying special concern and consideration to the adolescents.