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Anger, Cardiovascular Health and Depression in Middle-aged Korean Men: the Mediating Effect of Social Support
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Young Joo Park, Soonim Baik, Hyun Jeong Shin, Ji Won Yoon, Sook Hee Chun, Sohyun Moon
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(5):863-871. Published online August 31, 2006
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.5.863
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Abstract
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Purpose
A descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of trait anger and anger expression to blood pressure, cholesterol, and depression in middle-aged Korean men. In addition, this study investigated the mediating effect of social support in relation to anger and other variables.
Methods
Two hundred and ninety nine men aged 40 to 64 years were recruited from a health center at K University Hospital located in Ansan City, Kyungki province, Korea. The instruments used were Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory-the Korean version for trait anger and anger expression, Beck's depression inventory for depression, and a Personal resource questionnaire for perceived social support.
Results
Men with high trait anger showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure(BP) and diastolic BP. The level of cholesterol did not have a significant relationship with trait anger and anger expression. The severity of depression was significantly higher in men with high trait anger or more frequent uses of anger-in or anger-out. The perceived social support had a significant mediating effect in relation to trait anger and depression.
Conclusions
Various nursing interventions for managing anger or improving social support need to be developed in a future study.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Family Stress, Somatization, Social Support and Depression among Middle-aged Workers
Eliza Lee Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(3): 224. CrossRef - Anger Expression Types and Interpersonal Problems in Nurses
Aekyung Han, Jongsoon Won, Oksoo Kim, Sang E. Lee Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(2): 146. CrossRef - Impact of depression and anxiety on adverse event profiles in Korean people with epilepsy
Soo-Kyoung Kim, Sung-Pa Park, Oh-Young Kwon Epilepsy & Behavior.2015; 46: 185. CrossRef - Gender Specific Role of Anger Expression in Association with Depression and Health Behavior in Community-Dwelling Elders
Mi Heui Jang, Jia Lee, Ae Sil Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2014; 23(1): 38. CrossRef - Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy in the Relationship between Anger and Functional Health of Homeless Men
Su In Park, Sunah Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(4): 361. CrossRef - Frequency of affective symptoms and their psychosocial impact in Korean people with epilepsy: A survey at two tertiary care hospitals
Oh-Young Kwon, Sung-Pa Park Epilepsy & Behavior.2013; 26(1): 51. CrossRef - The Predictors of Anger Expression of the Homeless in the Shelters
Rah Il Hwang, Ji-Won Yoon Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(1): 22. CrossRef - A comparison of the health and related quality of life between middle‐aged Korean and Chinese women
K.‐B. Kim, S.R. Sok International Nursing Review.2010; 57(4): 463. CrossRef - Development and Evaluation of a School-based Anger Management Program (SAMP) for Adolescents
Young-Joo Park, Ho-Sihn Ryu, Keum-Sun Han, Jung Hye Kwon, HanKyeom Kim, Yoon Jung Cho, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Suk-Hee Cheon, Ji-Won Yoon Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(1): 145. CrossRef - Anger Expression Type and Mental Health in Middle Aged Women
Il-Rim Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 602. CrossRef - Types of Anger Expression in Adolescent Women - A Q-Methodological Approach -
So-Hyun Moon, Young-Joo Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(4): 522. CrossRef
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Anger and Health Status in Late School-Age Children
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Young Joo Park, Eun Sook Park, Soo Jeong Kim, Seung Sook Yang, Hyun Jeong Shin, Hye Sang Im, So Hyun Moon
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):888-895. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.888
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Abstract
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Purpose
This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types in late school-age children and investigate the relation between the identified anger-expression types and their health status.
Methods
One thousand twenty seven children in elementary school fifth and sixth grades were recruited from November to December, 2004. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, 2-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparison test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Results
Three anger-expression types in late school-age children were found; Anger-out/in, Anger-control, and Low anger-expression types. Children frequently using the anger-out/in type among the three types and with a higher state anger reported higher psychosomatic symptoms and depression. Children from a divorced or separated family reported higher state anger.
Conclusion
This study suggests that a specific anger management program needs to be developed for late school-age children with high state anger and frequently using the anger out/in expression type. For understanding the anger level and the anger expression types of Korean school-age children, further research needs to be done with large samples using a randomized sampling method.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The Relation of Parenting Stress, Anger and Somatization Symptom of Mothers
Eun-Kyung Kim, Chin Kang Koh Korean Journal of Stress Research.2016; 24(3): 151. CrossRef - State Anger, Depression, Resilience and Self-esteem According to School Violence Type of Elementary School Students
Yong Mi Lee, So Young Pak, Myeong Hui Choe The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(2): 246. CrossRef - Anger Expression Types and Interpersonal Problems in Nurses
Aekyung Han, Jongsoon Won, Oksoo Kim, Sang E. Lee Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(2): 146. CrossRef - Anger, Anger Expression, Mental Health and Psychosomatic Symptoms of Children in Multi-cultural Families
So-Hyun Moon, Hyo-Ja An Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2011; 20(4): 325. CrossRef - The Relation of Anger and Anger Expression to Eating Disorders in Late School-Age Children
So-Hyun Moon, Younghae Chung, Jung Hye Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2009; 15(2): 127. CrossRef - Anger Expression Type and Mental Health in Middle Aged Women
Il-Rim Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 602. CrossRef
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Anger, Problem Behaviors, and Health Status in Adolescent Women
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Young Joo Park, Keum Sun Han, Hyun Jeong Shin, Hyun Chul Kang, So Hyun Moon
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1234-1242. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1234
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Abstract
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Purpose
This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression typesof adolescent women and investigate the relation between the identified anger-expression types and their problem behaviors and health status.
Method
One hundred ninety nine high school freshmen were recruited from September to November, 2003. Data wasanalyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, χ2-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparison test.
Result
Three anger-expression types in adolescent women were found; Anger-out/in, Anger-control/in, and Anger-control type. Adolescent women with frequently using the anger-out/in type and with higher state anger reported more delinquent behaviors, more health risk behaviors, and higher psychosomatic symptoms. However, adolescent women with lower state anger and frequently using the anger-control type reported more depression scores.
Conclusion
There is a need to further clarify the relationship between anger-expression typesand depression in adolescent women. The findings suggest the necessity of a development of the program for lowering the anger level and controlling the unfavorable anger expression types such as the anger-out in.
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Citations
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- Anger, Anger Expression Types, Problem Behaviors, and Suicide Probability in Adolescent Women using Cluster Analysis
So Hyun Moon, Hun Ha Cho Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(2): 128. CrossRef - Factors related to Problem Behaviors in High School Girls
Yeon-Hwan Park, Hye-Jin Hyun, Su Jeong Yu, Do-Hwa Byen Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(3): 315. CrossRef - Anger, Anger Expression, and Suicidal Ideation in Korean Adolescents
Young-Joo Park, Hosihn Ryu, Kuem Sun Han, Jung Hye Kwon, Han Kyeom Kim, Hyun Cheol Kang, Ji-Won Yoon, Suk-Hee Cheon, Hyunjeong Shin Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2010; 24(3): 168. CrossRef - Anger, Anger Expression, and Biopsychosocial Health in Korean Adolescents.
Young Joo Park, Kuem Sun Han, Nah Mee Shin, Hyun Cheol Kang, Sook Hee Chun, Ji Won Yoon, Hyunjeong Shin Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(1): 106. CrossRef - Anger Expression Type and Mental Health in Middle Aged Women
Il-Rim Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 602. CrossRef - Types of Anger Expression in Adolescent Women - A Q-Methodological Approach -
So-Hyun Moon, Young-Joo Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(4): 522. CrossRef
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The Predictors of Postpartum Depression
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Young Joo Park, Hyun Jeong Shin, HoSihn Ryu, Suk Hee Cheon, So Hyun Moon
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(5):722-728. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.5.722
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Abstract
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Purpose
This study was designed to determine the predictors of postpartum depression.
Method
One hundred- sixty one women within one year after delivery from one public health center located in the northern area of Seoul were used in this study. The instruments were a survey of general characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, recent life events index, perceived social support from family, Quality of marriage index, parenting stress index, and Rosenberg's self-esteem inventory. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and logistic regression.
Result
The average item score of the EPDS was 6.67. 12.4% of respondents, who scored above a threshold 12, were likely to be suffering from a depression of varying severity. The fitness of the model for explaining postpartum depression from six variables, plan for pregnancy, family support, quality of marital relation, perceived social support, life events, childcare stress, and self-esteem, was statistically significant and the predictive power of these variables was 90.9%. The significant predictors of postpartum depression were family support and child care stress.
Conclusion
Further research is needed to identify the prevalence rate of postpartum depression using more reliable sampling methods from a large general population. Nursing interventions need to be developed for promoting family support and reducing childcare stress.
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Citations
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- The Effects of Neuroticism on Postpartum Depression: A Dual Mediating Effect of Gratitude and Parenting Stress
Yuji Lee, Myoung-Ho Hyun Stress.2019; 27(2): 191. CrossRef - Development of a Prediction Model for Postpartum Depression: Based on the Mediation Effect of Antepartum Depression
Eun Joo Lee, Jeong Sook Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(2): 211. CrossRef - Effects of Self Efficacy, Body Image and Family Support on Postpartum Depression in Early Postpartum Mothers
Ji-Won Lee, Yong-Sook Eo, Eun-Hye Moon Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(6): 4011. CrossRef - Latent Growth Model of Maternal Depressive Symptoms: Predictors and Effects on Infant's Developmental Outcomes
He Sook Kim, Kyung Ja Park Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts.2014; 4(1): 27. CrossRef - Factors associated with Postpartum Depression and Its Influence on Maternal Identity
Yoen Yi Jung, Hae Won Kim Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 29. CrossRef - Influence of Childbirth Experience and Postpartum Depression on Quality of Life in Women after Birth
Jung Hee Yeo, Nami Chun Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(1): 11. CrossRef - Infants' Temperament and Health Problems according to Maternal Postpartum Depression
Kyung-Sook Bang Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(4): 444. CrossRef - Effects of Postpartum Depression and Temperament of Infant on Child-care Stress among Mothers of Newborn Infants
Hye-Jin Kwon, Kyung-Hee Kim, Mi-Hye Choi, Ju-Yeon Cho, Young-Mi Ahn, Ki-Sook Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(2): 69. CrossRef - A Comparative Study on the Postpartum Depression of Vietnamese Marriage Immigrant Women and Korean Women
Eun Young Choi, Eun Hee Lee, Jung Sook Choi, Sun Ha Choi Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(1): 39. CrossRef - Postpartum Depressive Score and Related Factors Pre- and Post-delivery
Sun Ok Lee, Jung Hee Yeo, Suk Hee Ahn, Hyeon Sook Lee, Hyun Joo Yang, Mi Jung Han Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 29. CrossRef - Empirical test of an explanatory theory of postpartum fatigue in Korea
Ju‐Eun Song, Soon‐Bok Chang, So‐Mi Park, Sue Kim, Chung‐Mo Nam Journal of Advanced Nursing.2010; 66(12): 2627. CrossRef - Subjective Sleep Quality in Depressed and Non-Depressed Mothers During the Late Postpartum Period
Eun-Jung Cho Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(2): 108. CrossRef - Influencing Factors of Postpartum Depression between 4 to 6 Weeks after Childbirth in the Postpartum Women
Ju-Eun Song Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(3): 216. CrossRef
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Prediction Model on Mother-infant Attachment during the Early Postpartum Period
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Hyun Jeong Shin, Young Joo Park, Hyun Choel Kang
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(3):504-514. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.504
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Abstract
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Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the influencing factors of mother-infant attachment and construct a descriptive model that explains mother-infant attachment during the early postpartum period.
Method
The hypothetical model of this study consisted of 8 variables with 23 constructed paths. The subjects of this study were 152 postpartum women. Data was analyzed to test the hypothetical model using covariance structure analysis.
Result
The final model which is modified from the hypothetical model improved to Chi-Square 41.92, GFI .95, AGFI .89, RMSR .02, RMSEA .06, NFI .94, and NNFI .95. Mother-infant attachment during the early postpartum period was proven to be influenced directly by neonatal perception, maternal sensitivity, and maternal-fetal attachment and also indirectly by social support, maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity. These variables accounted for 32% of the variance of the mother-infant attachment during the early postpartum period.
Conclusion
It is necessary that the nurses provide postpartum women with an intervention using social support for improving maternal identity and alleviating maternal role strain. It can be helpful to improve maternal sensitivity and in the end it will facilitate the mother-infant attachment during postpartum period.
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Citations
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- Effects of an Integrated Self-Management Program on Self-Management, Glycemic Control, and Maternal Identity in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
HeeSook Kim, Sue Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(1): 69. CrossRef - Perinatal attachment in naturally pregnant and infertility-treated pregnant women in Taiwan
Chen-Jung Chen, Yi-Chang Chen, Huei-Chuan Sung, Pi-Chao Kuo, Chih-Hung Wang Journal of Advanced Nursing.2011; 67(10): 2200. CrossRef - Effects of Early Contact on Maternal Infant Attachment
Mi-Hae Sung, Myung-Ran Choi, Ok-Bong Um Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(2): 177. CrossRef - Effects of a Breast Feeding Promotion Program for Working Women
Ji-Won Yoon, Young-Joo Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(6): 843. CrossRef - Maternal Attachment Inventory: psychometric evaluation of the Korean version
Hyunjeong Shin, Young Hee Kim Journal of Advanced Nursing.2007; 59(3): 299. CrossRef
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Maternal Transition in Mothers with High Risk Newborns
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Hyun Jeong Shin
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):243-251. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.243
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Abstract
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was a comprehensive understanding about maternal transition in mothers with high risk newborns according to the degree of situational meaning.
Method
A methodological triangulation that combines qualitative and quantitative methods was used. The situational meaning of a high risk newborn mother was identified using a Family Meaning Attribution Scale. According to the degree of situational meaning, in-depth interviews were conducted at 3 time periods postpartum : between 3-10 days after childbirth, around the time of the newborn's discharge, and between 10-12 weeks after childbirth. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. Qualitative data was analyzed using Tutty, Rothery, & Grinnell's methodology.
Result
The average score of the situational meaning in high the risk newborn mother was 53.57(possible score is between 0-96) and the average score of each item was 1.67. A Maternal transition process in the mother that has a positive situational meaning was conceptualized in three distinctive phases : confusion, accepting, and shaping phases. The Maternal transition process in the mother that has a negative situational meaning was also conceptualized in three distinctive phases : avoiding, conflicting, and accepting phases.
Conclusion
It is necessary that the nurses provide high risk newborn mothers with individualized care considering both the situational meaning that is attributed to them and the maternal transition phase that they are faced with.
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Citations
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- Concept analysis of transition to motherhood: a methodological study
Woon Young Hwang, Sun Yeob Choi, Hae Jeong An Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(1): 8. CrossRef - Effects on Maternal Attachment, Parenting Stress, and Maternal Confidence of Systematic Information for Mothers of Premature Infants.
Hyo Sin Choi, Yeong Hee Shin Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(3): 207. CrossRef - Effects of a Home-based Discharge Program for Mothers of Premature Infants on Oxygen Therapy at Home
Ji Min Lee, Soon Ja Oh, Kyung A Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Ji Yoon Lee, Moon Sook Hwang, Jung Sook Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(2): 144. CrossRef - Life Transition of Mothers of Children with Autism
Ae Ran Lee, Sun Woo Hong, Ji Soo Kim, Se Jin Ju Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(6): 808. CrossRef - Development and Evaluation of a Transitional Care Program for Patients Discharged from Military Hospitals
Seun Young Joe Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(4): 599. CrossRef - Predictors of maternal sensitivity during the early postpartum period
Hyunjeong Shin, Young‐Joo Park, Mi Ja Kim Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006; 55(4): 425. CrossRef
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Prediction on the Negative Outcomes of Anger in Female Adolescents
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Young Joo Park, Kuem Sun Han, Hyun Jeong Shin, Hyun Chul Kang, Sook Hee Chun, So Hyun Moon, Young Sik Lee, Hun Soo Kim
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):172-181. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.172
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents.
Method
Data was collected by questionnaires from 199 female adolescents ina female high school in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS for descriptive statistics and a PC-LISREL Program for Covariance structural analysis.
Result
The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 7 paths and adding free parameters to it. The modified model withthe paths showed a good fit to the empirical data(χ2 =5.62, p=.69, GFI=.99, AGFI=.97, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.01, RMSR=.02, RMSEA=.00). Trait anger, state anger, and psychosocial problems were found to have a significant direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms. State anger, psychosocial problems, and learning behaviorswere found to have direct effects on depression of female adolescents.
Conclusion
The derived modelis considered appropriate for explaining and predicting negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and is a suggested direction in nursing practice.
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Citations
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- The Effects of a Suicide Prevention Program Applied on Psychodrama among Female High School Students
Gyeong Ran Park, Hee Sook Kim Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 31(3): 269. CrossRef - Effect of Life Stress and Anger Expression in College Students on Suicidal Ideation
Eun-Young Chin, Sung-Sup So, Myung-In Lee Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(8): 409. CrossRef - Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: An Explanatory Model Using LISREL
Young-Joo Park, Hosihn Ryu, KuemSun Han, Jung Hye Kwon, Han Kyeom Kim, Hyun Cheol Kang, Ji-Won Yoon, Suk-Hee Cheon, Hyunjeong Shin Western Journal of Nursing Research.2010; 32(2): 168. CrossRef - Development and Evaluation of a School-based Anger Management Program (SAMP) for Adolescents
Young-Joo Park, Ho-Sihn Ryu, Keum-Sun Han, Jung Hye Kwon, HanKyeom Kim, Yoon Jung Cho, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Suk-Hee Cheon, Ji-Won Yoon Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(1): 145. CrossRef - Anger Expression Type and Mental Health in Middle Aged Women
Il-Rim Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 602. CrossRef
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Situational Meaning and Maternal Self-esteem in Mothers with High Risk Newborn
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Hyun Jeong Shin
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):93-101. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.93
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Abstract
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Purpose
This study was designed to explore the relationship of situational meaning with maternal self-esteem in mothers with high risk newborn.
Method
The subjects of this study were 82 mothers with high risk newborn. Data were collected using a translated Family Meaning Attribution Scale and Maternal Self-Report Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficients and Stepwise Multiple Regression.
Result
The average score of the situational meaning in high risk newborn mothers was 64.01(possible score is between 0-96) and the average score of each item was 1.98. The average score of the maternal self-esteem in high risk newborn mothers was 81.96(possible score is between 26-104) and the average score of each item was 3.15. No significant differences were found in situational meaning according to general characteristics except whether it was a planned pregnancy or not. No significant differences were found in maternal self-esteem according to general characteristics except disease or admission experience during pregnancy. There was significant positive correlation between situational meaning and maternal self-esteem.
Conclusion
It is necessary for nurses to provide high risk newborn mothers with care for improving situational meaning that is attributed to the mothers. It can be helpful to improve maternal self-esteem and in the end it will facilitate the maternal transition in mothers with high risk newborn.
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- Exploration of the process of maternal role attainment in Iranian mothers with preterm neonate: A grounded theory
Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Mahnaz Shoghi, Hamid Peyrovi Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment.2023; 33(1): 44. CrossRef - Stress, postpartum depression, and anxiety in mothers of neonates admitted in the NICU: A cross-sectional hospital-based study
Dikshita Garg, Suprakash Chaudhury, Daniel Saldanha, Santosh Kumar Industrial Psychiatry Journal.2023; 32(1): 48. CrossRef - Childbearing culture: a prominent context in the process of maternal role attainment in Iranian mothers with preterm neonates
Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Hamid Peyrovi, Mahnaz Shoghi Journal of Biosocial Science.2022; 54(6): 1035. CrossRef - The Relationship between Parental Stress and Nurses' Communication as Perceived by Parents of High-risk Newborns
Chang Hee Lee, Mi Heui Jang, Yong Sung Choi, Hyunsook Shin Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(2): 184. CrossRef - Impact of a health education tool on enhancing communication between health providers and parents of neonates in intensive care in Egypt
Mohamed S. Hesham, Yasmin Mansi, Tamer A. Abdelhamid, Rehan M. Saleh Journal of the Chinese Medical Association.2016; 79(7): 394. CrossRef - Nursing Needs of the Parents of Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Ji-Sun Park, Kyung-Sook Bang Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 136. CrossRef - The conceptual structure of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit
Hyunjeong Shin, Rosemary White‐Traut Journal of Advanced Nursing.2007; 58(1): 90. CrossRef
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