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Development and Testing of a Nurse Turnover Intention Scale (NTIS)
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Eun Ja Yeun, Heejeong Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(2):256-266. Published online April 30, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.2.256
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Abstract
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool of nurse's turnover intention.
Methods
Data were collected from questionnaires completed by 678 nurses who worked in 3 university hospitals in South Korea and analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18 programs. Thirty-seven preliminary items were selected from 161 basic items extracted via a literature review and in depth interviews with 6 hospital nurses. Three steps with factor analysis were undertaken to verify the reliability and validity of the preliminary instruments. Finally, confirmative factor analysis was carried out.
Results
As a result of the analysis, 3 factors including 10 items were selected. Cronbach's Alpha for the 10 items was .83, for job satisfaction (4 items), .78, for interpersonal relationships (3 items), .80, and for work performance (3 items), .74, which was stable.
Conclusion
This study is meaningful because through it a scale reflecting Korean culture was developed to measure turnover intention in nurses. Further studies that test the psychometrics of this scale in more diverse samples are warranted.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
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Dluha Mafula, Hidayat Arifin, Ruey Chen, Chien-Mei Sung, Chiu-Kuei Lee, Kai-Jo Chiang, Kondwani Joseph Banda, Kuei-Ru Chou Journal of Nursing Regulation.2025; 15(4): 20. CrossRef - Turnover intention, collaboration and competences of intensive care unit nurses: A descriptive correlational study
Miyase Avcı, Ahmet Avcı Applied Nursing Research.2025; 82: 151930. CrossRef - Impact of Professional Quality of Life on Turnover Intention among General Hospital Nurses: A Comparative Study Using Linear and Nonlinear Analysis Methods
Mi-Jin Park, Il-Ok Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 132. CrossRef - The effect of nurses’ individual and occupational characteristics and perceptions of hierarchical career plateau on their turnover intention: A cross-sectional study
Şehrinaz Polat, Tuğba Yeşilyurt Sevim, Hanife Tiryaki Şen, Roaa Sabri Gassas PLOS ONE.2025; 20(4): e0316895. CrossRef - Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the nurse turnover intention scale: a translation and validation study
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Mira Kwon, Yeoungsuk Song, Majd T. Mrayyan Journal of Nursing Management.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef - Effect of Work-Family Conflict on Turnover Intention among Married Female Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Nursing Work Environment
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Junghoon Lee, Junekyu Kim, Hong‐A Lim, Yeoungsuk Song Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(4): 1470. CrossRef - Effects of Job Crafting, Burnout, and Job Satisfaction on Nurses' Turnover Intention: A Path Analysis
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Moonhee Gang, Donghyeon Gwak Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(3): 307. CrossRef - Impact of workplace bullying and resilience on new nurses' turnover intention in tertiary hospitals
Gyu Li Baek, EunJu Lee Nursing & Health Sciences.2022; 24(4): 801. CrossRef - The Factors That Affect Turnover Intention According to Clinical Experience: A Focus on Organizational Justice and Nursing Core Competency
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Ae-Sook Kim, Eun Hee Jang Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2021; 27(5): 433. CrossRef - Effects of Workplace Bullying and Empowerment on Nurses' Turnover Intention
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Ting Xue, Wen-Bin Jiang, Meng-Di Ma, Jie Zhang, Ming-Hui Lu, Yong-Mei Jiang Frontiers of Nursing.2020; 7(3): 269. CrossRef - Impact of nurse staffing on intent to leave, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries in Korean hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Sujin Shin, Seung Jin Oh, Jeonghyun Kim, Inyoung Lee, Sung‐Heui Bae Nursing & Health Sciences.2020; 22(3): 658. CrossRef - Influence of Secondary Trauma Stress, and Vocation on Turnover Intention of Nurses in Regional Trauma Centers
Hyun-Gwan Lee, Ji-Soo Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(1): 65. CrossRef - Nursing stress factors affecting turnover intention among hospital nurses
Eun‐Kyoung Lee, Ji‐Soo Kim International Journal of Nursing Practice.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Relationship of Workplace Violence to Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses: Resilience as a Mediator
Hyun-Jung Kang, Jaeyong Shin, Eun-Hyun Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(5): 728. CrossRef - Relationship between Types of Role Conflict and Turnover Intention in Nurses Working at Rehabilitation Hospitals
Bo Young Kim, Joo yun Lee The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2019; 22(2): 142. CrossRef - Trends in Turnover Research on Korean Nurses: Based on 8 Journals Published by Member Societies under the Korean Academy of Nursing Science, 2006-2015
Hyo Geun Geun The Open Nursing Journal.2019; 13(1): 92. CrossRef - Influence of Communication Competency and Nursing Work Environment on Job Satisfaction in Hospital Nurses
Bongjeong Kim, Soon Young Lee, Gyeong Ju An, Guna Lee, Hyun Jung Yun Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(2): 189. CrossRef - Effects of Emotional Development Therapy (EDT) on Stress, Fatigue, Sleep, and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Nurses
Mi-Young Jeong, Nam-Sook Seo Korean Journal of Stress Research.2018; 26(1): 60. CrossRef - Pediatric Nurses’ Perceptions related to End-of-Life Care and Turnover Intention
Sook Young Baek, Sook Jung Kang Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(4): 353. CrossRef - Influences of Interpersonal Problems and Character of Nurses on Quality of Nursing Service
Eun-Yi Yeom, Kawoun Seo Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(5): 445. CrossRef - Relationship of Gender Role Conflict and Job Satisfaction to Turnover Intention for Men in Nursing
Ha-Man Hwang, Myung Ja Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(1): 32. CrossRef - Analysis of Research Articles Published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration for 3 Years (2013~2015): The Application of Text Network Analysis
Tae Wha Lee, Kwang-Ok Park, GyeongAe Seomun, Miyoung Kim, Jee-In Hwang, Soyoung Yu, Seok Hee Jeong, Min Jung, Mikyung Moon Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(1): 101. CrossRef - Factors Affecting on Turnover Intentions among Operating Room Nurses
Yeo-Jin Kim, Keum-Sook Park, Eun-Ja Yang Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(12): 352. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Hospital Nurses' Turnover Intention: A Cross-sectional Survey
Eun-Ja Yeun, Young-Mi Kwon, Mi-Soon Je, Jeong-Hwa An The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2016; 16(1): 94. CrossRef - Interpersonal Relations, Hope, Professional Self-concept and Turnover Intention according to Adult Attachment Styles in Early Stage Nurses
Eun Jin Oh, Se Young Lee, Kyung Mi Sung Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2013; 19(4): 491. CrossRef
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Subjectivity of Nursing College Students' Awareness of Gender Equality: An Application of Q-methodology
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Eun Ja Yeun, Hye Jin Kwon, Hyun Jeong Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(3):342-350. Published online June 29, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.342
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Abstract
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Purpose
This study was done to identify the awareness of gender equality among nursing college students, and to provide basic data for educational solutions and desirable directions.
Methods
A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. 34 selected Q-statements from each of 20 women nursing college students were classified into a shape of normal distribution using 9-point scale. Subjectivity on the equality among genders was analyzed by the pc-QUANL program.
Results
Four types of awareness of gender equality in nursing college students were identified. The name for type I was 'pursuit of androgyny', for type II, 'difference-recognition', for type III, 'human-relationship emphasis', and for type IV, 'social-system emphasis'.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs on gender equality are recommended for nursing college students based on the four types of gender equality awareness.
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Citations
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- Factors Affecting Gender Equality Consciousness of University Students : The Graduates of Social Welfare
Suk-Ja YOON, Eun-Kyung BYUN JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2017; 29(1): 90. CrossRef - Types of Gender Role Identity in Nursing Students: A Q Methodological Study
Euna Park, Sung Hee Ko Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 236. CrossRef - Perceptions on gender awareness and considerations in career choices of medical students in a medical school in Taiwan
Yueh‐Chin Chung, Ching‐Yi Lin, Chien‐Ning Huang, Jen‐Hung Yang The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences.2013; 29(11): 629. CrossRef
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Development of a Nursing Professional Values Scale
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Eun Ja Yeun, Young Mi Kwon, Ok Hee Ahn
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(6):1091-1100. Published online October 31, 2005
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.6.1091
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure nursing professional values.
Method
Forty preliminary items were selected by classifying 223 basic items extracted via a literature study and in-depth interviews of subjects and testing the relevance of their contents. In order to verify the reliability and relevance of the preliminary instrument, data was collected from 504 nurses in 3 general hospitals.
Result
As a result of the item analysis, 29 items were selected from a total of 40 items. Five factors were extracted by factor analysis, and the total variance was 51.5%. For the explanation of variances by factors, the 1st factor, ‘self-concept of the profession’ accounted for 14.8%, the 2nd factor, ‘social awareness’ 12.1%, the 3rd factor, ‘professionalism of nursing’ 9.8%, the 4th factor, ‘the roles of nursing service’ 9.1%, and the 5th factor, ‘originality of nursing’, 5.6%. Cronbach's Alpha of those 29 items was .9168, which was high.
Conclusion
This paper is meaningful in a way that it developed a tool capable of measuring nursing professional values, which reflects the characteristics of our country. In order to re-verify the relevance and stability of this tool, it is necessary that comparative studies should be conducted.
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Chung Hee Woo, Ju Young Park Nurse Education Today.2017; 57: 24. CrossRef - Exploring Nursing Intention, Stress, and Professionalism in Response to Infectious Disease Emergencies: The Experience of Local Public Hospital Nurses During the 2015 MERS Outbreak in South Korea
Namhee Oh, NamSoo Hong, Dong Hee Ryu, Sang Geun Bae, Sin Kam, Keon-Yeop Kim Asian Nursing Research.2017; 11(3): 230. CrossRef - Professionalism and professional quality of life for oncology nurses
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Won-Hee Jun, Kee-Lyong Lee Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(3): 434. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Hospital Nurses' Turnover Intention: A Cross-sectional Survey
Eun-Ja Yeun, Young-Mi Kwon, Mi-Soon Je, Jeong-Hwa An The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2016; 16(1): 94. CrossRef - Factors Influencing the Career Preparation Behavior of Nursing Students
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Insun Jang Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society.2016; 27(3): 749. CrossRef - Influence of Satisfaction with Clinical practice and Image of nurses on Nursing professionalism of Nursing students
Kyoung-Min Lim, Eun-Joo Jo Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(4): 556. CrossRef - The relationships between emotional intelligence and college adjustment and nursing professionalism in nursing students
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A Q-methodological Study on Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Nursing Ethics
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Eun Ja Yeun, Young Mi Kwon, Hung Kyu Kim
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1434-1442. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1434
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Abstract
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Purpose
Professional nursing ethics is a living, dynamic set of standards for nurses'professional moral behavior. Furthermore, in daily clinical nursing training, nursing students are constantly confronted with decisionmaking that is moral in nature. The aim of this study was to identify the perceived ethical attitudes in the clinical training process of senior nursing students using Q-methodology to offer basic strategies for nursing ethics education and thereby improve patients'care.
Methods
Q-methodology provides a scientific method for identifying perception structures that exist within certain individuals or groups. Thirty-seven participants in a university rated 38 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1-9. The collected data were analyzed using pc-QUNAL software.
Results
Principal component analysis identified 3 types of ethical attitudes in nursing students in Korea. The categories were labeled Sacred-life, Science-realistic and Humane-life. Sacred-life individuals think that a life belongs to an absolute power (God), not a man, and a human life is a high and noble thing. Science-realistic individuals disagreed that allowing an induced abortion or embryo (human) duplication is unethical behavior that provokes a trend, which takes the value of a life lightly; most of them took a utilitarian position with respect to ethical decisions. Humane-life individuals exhibit a tendency toward human-centered thought with respect to ethical attitudes.
Conclusion
This study will be of interest to educators of students of nursing and hospital nursing administrators. Also, the findings may provide the basis for the development of more appropriate strategies to improve nursing ethics education programs.
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A Study on Causal Attribution and Self-Efficacy in the Patients with Cancer
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Eun Jung Ryu, Eun Ja Yeun
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(2):232-243. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.2.232
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Abstract
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When people undergo stressful situations such as a cancer diagnosis, they ask, "why
me?" The causal attributions people make about cancer influence what kind of coping
strategies are chosen. Weiner (1979) suggested three dimensions of causal attributions:
focus of causality, stability, and controllability. The purpose of the present study was to
test the relation between causal attributions and self-efficacy in patients with cancer.
The subjects were 194 patients who had been diagnosed cancer one year ago and
attended an outpatient clinic.
1. Each mean score of causal attribution dimensions (focus of control, stability,
controllability) that each patient made about cancer was 2.47, 2.73, 2.86, 3.35, and 3.28.
The mean score of self-efficacy was 71.03.
2. There was a significant negative correlation between self efficacy and controllability. Particularly, there was a
significant negative relationship between self efficacy and external controllability.
Based upon these results, it is recommended that the developing nursing interventions to
change causal attribution and self-efficacy is necessary. A number of theoretical
relationships and empirical finding are confirmed by this data, and future proposals in
research is suggested.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Development and Validation of Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer (SESSM-B)
Ran Lee, Soo Hyun Kim, Keun Sook Lee, Myung Kyung Seo Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(3): 385. CrossRef
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Subjectivity on Organ Donation and Transplantation
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Young Mi Kwon, Eun Ja Yeun
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(6):1437-1454. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.6.1437
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Abstract
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This study was designed to identify the attitudes of the people on organ donation and transplantation. The purpose of this study was to provide data to help inspire organ donation, and promote registration yield so donor candidates will have more favorable recipients through Q-methodology. A Q-sample was developed through a review of the literature and interviews. Thirty-three statements made up the final Q-sample. The P-sample consisted of twenty-eight subjects, excluding chronic organic disorder. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analyzed with the QUNAL computer program.
The results were as follows:
This study discovered five different types of organ donation and transplantation of twenty- eight subjects.
Type I is 'utilitarian.' The people of this type consider human life very valuable and they recognize that organ transplantation is an affirmative medicine that should be performed to extend human life. They believe that are saving others' lives by donating organs. Type II is 'sardonist.' The people of this type approve of organ transplantation usefulness, but they have no intention of participating in the program because of it may trample on human rights. Type III is 'individualist.' The people of this type consider it proper for the activation of organ transplantation by the legal system. They believe that organ donation a valuable too, but needs support through social benefits to donors. Yet, they have not intention of doing what they propose. Type IV is 'familist.' The people of this type have strong attachments to life but they think that organ donation and transplantation should be done between within a family. Type IV is disposition of family intensive consideration rather than altruistic and utilitarianism. Type V is 'deontologist.' The people of this type recognize the benefits of transplantation, but have a negative opinion of activation. They worry about ethical and social problems occurring in the development of modern medicine. They believe that death is the only natural end to life, so they have strong negative opinions of euthanasia and brain death compared to other types. They regard transplantation to be a non-human behavior, because it involves a removing organs and breaking the boundary of death.
The findings of this study are only preliminary and serve as a baseline to understanding the subjectivity of individuals on organ donation and transplantation. Therefore, the subjectivity of the five types will be applied to formulate the educational programs and public relations strategies for organ donation because the public's awareness toward organ donation is closely related to their values, beliefs, and attitudes.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The Effect of an Organ Donation Education on Undergraduate Students' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Will to Organ Donation
Jung Sook Kim, In Sun Jang Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 104. CrossRef
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How People Understand Death: a Coorientational Look
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Eun Ja Yeun, Hung Kyu Kim
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):270-279. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.270
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Abstract
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Since death is an extremely subjective and unique experience, if we take into account the lack of understanding about death due to the difficulty in methodology, it is very important to try to understand the subjectivity of death. In this respect, Q-methodology that explains and shows the respondents' subjectivity by objectifying his subjectivity is employed as a solution to the questions in this study. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide data on how medical personnel should treat their patients, when, it comes to death ; by finding out the opinions of those who are being treated, namely the patients, and those who are providing the treatment, namely the medical personnel. It also by examined the characteristics and relationships between these two groups on attitudes to death. The results of this study show that medical personnel have two(fate-recipient, reality-oriented) types of response and patients have three(religion-dependent, science-adherent, sardonist) types. Medical personnel saw patients as having three(life-attached, traditionalist, death-rejector) types of response and to patients saw medical personnel as having two(rationalist, humanist)types. The relationship between the above-mentioned types will be examined in a coorientation model, the subjectivity of the medical personnel and the patient toward death indicates a relatively high understanding between the two groups under the great proposition of 'death'. Therefore, in their relationship with people who are facing death, the provider of care, namely the medical personnel, should identify the subjectivity of the patient before approaching them. By doing this, they can minimize the conflicts they might experience in establishing a therapeutic relationship, reduce suffering, and help the patient in greeting a more comfortable death. Throughout the study, Q-methodology expands out understanding of coorientation model that has only been approached with R-methodology. This study confirmed Q's potentiality and its validity in human subjective matters.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The Journal of Targeted at the general public for the Modeling of Well-dying Program Development
Kwang-Hwan Kim, Yong-Ha Kim, Sang-Yoon Ahn, Chong Hyung Lee, Moo-Sik Lee, Moon-Joon Kim, Arma Park, Hye-Jeong Hwang, Moon-Sook Shim, Hyeon-Dong Song Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(8): 369. CrossRef - Attitudes of elderly Korean patients toward death and dying: an application of Q-methodology
Eunja Yeun International Journal of Nursing Studies.2005; 42(8): 871. CrossRef
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A Study on the Budget and Management of the Nursing Service Equipment
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Bok Nyeo Hwang, Eun Ja Yeun, Gyu Suk Cho
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Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1984;14(1):34-49. Published online April 3, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1984.14.1.34
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Abstract
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This study was carried out to collect basic information of the budget and management of the nursing service equipment.
A survey was conducted with charge nurses (72), head nurses (400), supervisors (93), nursing directors (43) in 134 Hospitals.
The questionnaire was consisted of 34 questions related to management of budget, facility, supplies, and equipment.
We investigated from 10th to 22nd, Oct 1983.
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1) A budget for the department of nursing was 65.4% (51/78)
2) A budget committee was 43.6% (34/78)
3) 51.3% took corrective action for the deviation from the budget, if indicated (40/78)
4) An established lost consciousness program in the hospital was 87.2% (64/68)
5) A formalized system for the maintenance of supplies for the patient care units was 87.2%
6) 87.9% had stocks level which was established for patient care units.
7) 64.6% had safeguards for the storage of special equipment which was investigated regularly in 54.7%.
8) The director of nursing or her representative, participates in the selection was 72.4%.
9) 58.2% was provided instruction in the use of equipment by manufacturers of technical equipment.
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