Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

J Korean Acad Nurs : Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

OPEN ACCESS

Articles

Page Path
HOME > J Korean Acad Nurs > Volume 45(5); 2015 > Article
Review Article
A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research
Hyuncheol Kang, Kyupil Yeon, Sang-Tae Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2015;45(5):641-649.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.641
Published online: October 30, 2015

Department of Applied Statistics, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Han, Sang-Tae. Department of Applied Statistics, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-ro 79 beon-gil, Asan 31499, Korea. Tel: +82-41-540-5901, Fax: +82-41-540-5908, sthan@hoseo.edu
• Received: September 2, 2015   • Revised: September 3, 2015   • Accepted: October 7, 2015

© 2015 Korean Society of Nursing Science

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

  • 377 Views
  • 30 Download
  • 60 Crossref
  • 47 Scopus
prev next
  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to introduce the main concepts of statistical testing and effect size and to provide researchers in nursing science with guidance on how to calculate the effect size for the statistical analysis methods mainly used in nursing.
  • Methods
    For t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis which are used frequently in nursing research, the generally accepted definitions of the effect size were explained.
  • Results
    Some formulae for calculating the effect size are described with several examples in nursing research. Furthermore, the authors present the required minimum sample size for each example utilizing G*Power 3 software that is the most widely used program for calculating sample size.
  • Conclusion
    It is noted that statistical significance testing and effect size measurement serve different purposes, and the reliance on only one side may be misleading. Some practical guidelines are recommended for combining statistical significance testing and effect size measure in order to make more balanced decisions in quantitative analyses.
  • 1. Im SH. A review on the statistical significance and statistical power analysis. J Educ Stud. 2011;48(1):267–281.
  • 2. Na WB, Park CW. A meta analysis on the effect sizes of marketing experiments in Korea. Korean Mark Rev. 2006;21(4):189–207.
  • 3. Kwon SD. A review of the significance testing and effect size in empirical research. J Educ Eval. 2005;18(2):1–16.
  • 4. Peterson RA, Albaum G, Beltramini RF. A meta-analysis of effect sizes in consumer behavior experiments. J Consum Res. 1985;12(1):97–103. Article
  • 5. Sawyer AG, Peter JP. The significance of statistical significance tests in marketing research. J Mark Res. 1983;20(2):122–133. ArticlePDF
  • 6. Kang H. Analysis of statistical method applied in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing for recent 3 years (1999-2001). J Korean Acad Nurs. 2002;32(6):929–935.ArticlePDF
  • 7. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
  • 8. Cooper HM. On the significance of effects and the effects of significance. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1981;41(5):1013–1018. Article
  • 9. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 10. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149–1160. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 11. Polit DF, Sherman RE. Statistical power in nursing research. Nurs Res. 1990;39(6):365–369.ArticlePubMed
  • 12. Lee JW, Park MR, Lee JB, Lee SJ, Park ES, Park YJ. A review on the methods of sample size determination in nursing research. J Korean Acad Womens Health Nurs. 1998;4(3):375–387.ArticlePDF
  • 13. Ko JM, Lee JK. Effects of a coaching program on comprehensive lifestyle modification for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014;44(6):672–681. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 14. Wang HJ, Kim IO. Effects of a mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program for mothers at an advanced maternal age. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2015;45(3):337–346. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 15. Han ST, Kang H, Huh MH. PASW statistics: SPSS analysis of variance. Seoul: Hannare Publishing Co.; 2009.
  • 16. Lee JA, Kweon YR. Factors affecting social competence in school-aged children according to alcohol consumption by parents'. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014;44(5):495–503. ArticlePubMed
  • 17. Park C, Song M, Cho B, Lim J, Song W, Chang H, et al. Effects of a multi-disciplinary approached, empowerment theory based self-management intervention in older adults with chronic illness. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2015;45(2):192–201. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 18. Yoo SY. Development and effects of a simulation-based education program for newborn emergency care. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013;43(4):468–477. ArticlePubMed
  • 19. Kang H, Han ST, Choi H. SPSS (PASW Statistics) introduction to data analysis. Paju: Freeacademy; 2010.
  • 20. Lee H, Cho SH, Kim JH, Kim YK, Choo HI. Influence of self efficacy, social support and sense of community on health-related quality of life for middle-aged and elderly residents living in a rural community. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014;44(6):608–616. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 21. Anderson DR, Burnham KP, Thompson WL. Null hypothesis testing: Problems, prevalence, and an alternative. J Wildl Manage. 2000;64(4):912–923. Article
  • 22. Breaugh JA. Effect size estimation: Factors to consider and mistakes to avoid. J Manage. 2003;29(1):79–77. Article
  • 23. Cohen J. The earth is round (p <.05). Am Psychol. 1994;49(12):997–1003.Article
  • 24. American Psychological Association. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2001.
  • 25. Thompson B. Foundations of behavioral statistics: An insightbased approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2006.
  • 26. Kim M. Quantitative methods in geography education research: Concept and application of effect size. J Korean Assoc Geogr Environ Educ. 2011;19(2):205–220.Article
  • 27. Kim CG, Cho MK. Effects on depression intervention programs of hemodialysis patients in Korea: Meta-analysis. J Korean Data Anal Soc. 2012;14(5):2513–2528.
  • 28. Jeon HR, Park JS. A meta-analysis about effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postoperative pain. J Korean Data Anal Soc. 2012;14(2):851–865.
  • 29. Jun JY. A meta-analysis of effects on the warming methods for postoperative patients. J Korean Data Anal Soc. 2009;11(4):1819–1829.
  • 30. Lee EH. On the introduction and application of effect size for data analysis methods. Asan, Hoseo University. 2014;[master' thesis].

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Effectiveness of a blended (distance and in-person) simulation education program on advanced cardiac life support for nursing students using the PARTNER model
      Miyoung Kang, Eunju Lee
      BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Academic performance, emotional intelligence, and academic burnout: A cross-sectional study of a mediational effect in nursing students
      César Merino-Soto, Marisol Angulo-Ramos, Victoria Llaja-Rojas, Guillermo M. Chans
      Nurse Education Today.2024; 139: 106221.     CrossRef
    • First-line Nurse Managerial Competence and Its Influencing Factors in Public Jordanian Hospitals
      Abdulkareem S. Iblasi, Samer Makahleh, Yupin Aungsuroch, Joko Gunawan, I Gede Juanamasta
      Nurse Media Journal of Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • The Effect of Pre-basic Nursing Science Program for First-year Nursing Students
      Eun Hee Kim
      Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(4): 374.     CrossRef
    • Relationship between the Perceptions of ICU Nurses on the Disclosure of Patient Safety Incidents and Communication Barriers
      In Sun Cho, Su Jung Choi
      Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(1): 44.     CrossRef
    • Factors associated with self-management behaviors among Chinese adults with ischemic stroke: A cross-sectional study
      Xiaoxiao Chen, Niphawan Samartkit, Khemaradee Masingboon
      Belitung Nursing Journal.2024; 10(3): 285.     CrossRef
    • Comparison of halitosis according to herbal mouthwash containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract and saline mouthwash: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
      Yu‐Rin Kim, Seoul‐Hee Nam
      International Journal of Dental Hygiene.2024; 22(3): 614.     CrossRef
    • Development and application of the mobile-based virtual nursing simulation training content: A mixed methods study
      Hyun-Sun Kim, Jiyoung Kang
      The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2024; 30(3): 290.     CrossRef
    • Benefit-finding profiles and comparison of caregiving ability among informal caregivers of patients with lung cancer: A latent profile analysis
      Xiaoyuan Lin, Ziqing Chen, Qi Zhao, Xiaozhou Zhou
      Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2024; 11(5): 100480.     CrossRef
    • Changes in the Health Status of Children and Adolescents Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on the Results of Health Examination
      Eun-Joo Choi, Chung-Sook Kim, Jeong-Mo Park, Sang-Soon Gwon
      Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(2): 132.     CrossRef
    • Therapeutic Communication Using Mirroring Interventions in Nursing Education: A Mixed Methods Study
      Seung Hee Lee, Hye Jin Yoo
      Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(5): 435.     CrossRef
    • Digital Health Literacy and Associated Factors Among Older Adults Living Alone in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
      Minhwa Hwang, Gahye Kim, Seonghyeon Lee, Yeon-Hwan Park
      Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2024; 35: 389.     CrossRef
    • The Development and Effects of Metaverse-based Core Nursing Skill Contents (CNSC) for Nursing Students: Drainage Management
      Min Kweon Ahn, Min Jeong Chae
      Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(4): 447.     CrossRef
    • Analysis of the Submitted Papers’ Evaluations for the Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing
      Narae Heo, Jiyoung Kim
      Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2024; 12(2): 73.     CrossRef
    • Global Health Competencies and Educational Needs for Nursing Students in South Korea
      Sujin Lee, Eunjoo Kim, Ju Young Yoon
      Journal of Nursing Education.2023; 62(2): 75.     CrossRef
    • Comparison of perceived parental empathy between adolescents with leukemia and healthy adolescents: A comparative descriptive study
      Youngji Moon, Sunhee Lee
      Heliyon.2023; 9(11): e22528.     CrossRef
    • Dietary behavior and its influencing factors among experienced shiftwork nurses: a secondary analysis
      Soyeon Kim, Jison Ki, Ji Yun Choi, Woan Heui Choi, Smi Choi-Kwon
      Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(1): 32.     CrossRef
    • Factors influencing neonatal intensive care unit nurses' parent partnership development
      Eun Kyoung Kim, In Young Cho, Ji Yeong Yun, Bobae Park
      Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 68: e27.     CrossRef
    • Predictors of Quality of Life in Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Receiving Nonsurgical Management Due to Chronic Pain
      Yeong Gi Lee, Sung Reul Kim
      Pain Management Nursing.2023; 24(4): e26.     CrossRef
    • The Effects of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence on the Somatic Symptoms of Customer Service Employees in Department Stores
      Bongsoon Ryu, Bo Hyun Park
      Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2023; 34: 61.     CrossRef
    • Effects of Post Traumatic Growth on Successful Aging in Breast Cancer Survivors in South Korea: The Mediating Effect of Resilience and Intolerance of Uncertainty
      Su Jeong Yi, Ku Sang Kim, Seunghee Lee, Hyunjung Lee
      Healthcare.2023; 11(21): 2843.     CrossRef
    • Genetic Testing on Patients with Developmental Delay: A Preliminary Study from the Perspective of Physicians
      Gwanwook Bang, Sook Joung Lee, Bomyee Lee, Minji Park, So-Youn Park
      Healthcare.2022; 10(7): 1236.     CrossRef
    • The development and effects of metaverse-based core nursing skill contents of vital signs measurements and subcutaneous injections for nursing students
      Min Kweon Ahn
      The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 378.     CrossRef
    • Effects of a mouthwash containing Lespedeza cuneata extract on risk of dental caries: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
      Yu-Rin Kim, Seoul-Hee Nam
      Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Do lifestyle factors influence risk of breast cancer recurrence in Korean women?: a cross-sectional survey
      So-Jung Park, Hye-Ah Yeom
      Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(2): 145.     CrossRef
    • Relationship between type D personality, symptoms, cancer stigma, and quality of life among patients with lung cancer
      Yu Mi Park, Hye Young Kim, Ji Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Yeong Hun Choe
      European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 57: 102098.     CrossRef
    • Validation of the Risk Prediction Tool for Wound Infection in Abdominal Surgery Patients
      Hyun Kyoung Jung, Eun Nam Lee
      Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(3): 75.     CrossRef
    • Effect of the Strategic Thinking, Problem Solving Skills, and Grit on the Disaster Triage Ability of Emergency Room Nurses
      Jina Yang, Kon Hee Kim
      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 987.     CrossRef
    • Effects of a Sociodrama-based Communication Enhancement Program on Mothers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Pilot Study
      Sun Joo Jang, Jong-Sook Han, Myoung Hee Bang, Jung-Won Ahn
      Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(2): 114.     CrossRef
    • Changes in Dietary Behavior of Shift Work Nurses: A Longitudinal Study
      Soyeon Kim, Smi Choi-Kwon, Jison Ki, Jae Geum Ryu, Jihyun Baek, Kyeongsug Kim
      Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(5): 596.     CrossRef
    • Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout among Nurses Working in Trauma Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study
      Hyoung Ju Lee, Miyoung Lee, Sun Joo Jang
      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7228.     CrossRef
    • Intentions of frontline nurses regarding COVID‐19 patient care: A cross‐sectional study in Korea
      Yu‐Mi Heo, Miyoung Lee, Sun Joo Jang
      Journal of Nursing Management.2021; 29(6): 1880.     CrossRef
    • Developing and Evaluating a Mobile-based Parental Education Program for Preventing Unintentional Injuries in Early Childhood: A Randomized Controlled Trial
      Younglee Choi, Hye Young Ahn
      Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(5): 329.     CrossRef
    • The Effect of Perceived Stress, Fine Dust Risk Perception, and Resilience on Stress Response in Patients with Respiratory and Circulatory Disorders
      Jin-Hee Park, Kuem-Sun Han
      STRESS.2021; 29(1): 21.     CrossRef
    • Critical Thinking Disposition, Job Competency, and Educational Needs of Home Visiting Nurses in the Long-term Care Insurance
      Keunyoung Shin, Sujin Shin
      Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(1): 54.     CrossRef
    • Interaction and main effects of physical and depressive symptoms on quality of life in Korean women seeking care for rectal prolapse: a cross-sectional observational study
      Hee Moon, Youngrye Park, Mili Kim, Seonah Lee
      Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(4): 297.     CrossRef
    • Effects of Gymnastics-based Nursing Intervention on Stress, Obesity, and Mental Health Confidence in Patients with Chronic Mental Illness
      Hee Jeong Kim, Sookbin Im
      Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2021; 30(1): 53.     CrossRef
    • Development and Effects of Head-Mounted Display-Based Home-Visits Virtual Reality Simulation Program for Nursing Students
      Min Kweon Ahn, Chong Mi Lee
      Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(4): 465.     CrossRef
    • Effectiveness of self-re-learning using video recordings of advanced life support on nursing students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills performance
      Kyeongmin Jang, Sung Hwan Kim, Ja Young Oh, Ji Yeon Mun
      BMC Nursing.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • The effectiveness of a career efficacy enhancement program for KOREAN nursing students: A quasi-experimental study
      Young-Mi Jung, In-Young Yoo
      Nurse Education Today.2020; 89: 104423.     CrossRef
    • A Comparison of Nursing Work Environment, Role Conflict, and Job Embeddedness of Nurses Working in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards and General Wards in a Tertiary Hospital
      Hye-Eun So, Jee-In Hwang
      Quality Improvement in Health Care.2020; 26(1): 11.     CrossRef
    • Relation between Mother’s Taekyo, Prenatal and Postpartum Depression, and Infant’s Temperament and Colic: A Longitudinal Prospective Approach
      Kyung-Sook Bang, Insook Lee, Sungjae Kim, Yunjeong Yi, Iksoo Huh, Sang-Youn Jang, Dasom Kim, Sujin Lee
      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7691.     CrossRef
    • Nursing students’ career identity, satisfaction with major, and career stress by career decision type
      Young‐Mi Jung
      Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Subjective Happiness according to Temperament and Character Type of Nursing Students
      EunJoo Kim, Geunmyun Kim
      Stress.2020; 28(2): 76.     CrossRef
    • Effect of an emotion management programme for patients with schizophrenia: A quasi‐experimental design
      Minju Cho, Sun Joo Jang
      International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.2019; 28(2): 592.     CrossRef
    • Influence of Partnerships with Nurses and Social Support on Readiness for Discharge among Mothers of Premature Infants
      Soyeon Yoon, Jeongok Park, Hyejung Lee, Ari Min
      Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 417.     CrossRef
    • The Effects of the 5-step Method for Infant Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance Ability
      Jin Young Kim, Hye Young Ahn
      Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(1): 17.     CrossRef
    • The Influence of Stress and Role Conflict on Quality of Life among Graduate Students in Nursing
      Yu-Jin Jeong, Eun Kyung Kim
      STRESS.2019; 27(4): 365.     CrossRef
    • Family Characteristics, Family Support, Family Function and Compliance of Patient Role Behavior in Long-term Hemodialysis Patients
      Sinhye Kang, Inja Kim
      The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2019; 22(1): 58.     CrossRef
    • Utilizing Video vs Simulation Practice for Handoff Education of Nursing Students in Pediatric Nursing
      Sun-Nam Park, Young Soon Im
      Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 27.     CrossRef
    • Educational Needs Analysis for Developing an Occupational Education Program for Nursing Students: Focusing on Nursing Students and Nursing Professionals
      Young-Mi Jung
      Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(2): 136.     CrossRef
    • Comparison of analgesic efficacy of oxycodone and fentanyl after total hip replacement surgery
      Mi Kyeong Kim, Sang Eun Ahn, Eunsil Shin, Sung Wook Park, Jeong-Hyun Choi, Hee Yong Kang
      Medicine.2018; 97(49): e13385.     CrossRef
    • The Effect of a Teaching Model for Improving Undergraduate Nursing Students' Cultural Competency
      Kyung Sook Choi, Woo Sook Lee, Yeon Suk Park, Myunghee Jun, So Young Lee, Yeonwoo Park, Soo Young Park, Zabler Bev
      Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2018; 24(1): 100.     CrossRef
    • An Integrative Review of Korean Nursing Studies on Pediatric Tonsillectomy
      Kyoung Eun Yu, Jin Sun Kim
      Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 416.     CrossRef
    • The Mediating Effect of Self-leadership in the Relationship between Career Decision Level and Career Preparation Behavior of Nursing Students
      Mikyung Moon, Soyeon Kim
      Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(2): 162.     CrossRef
    • Factors Influencing Rehabilitation among Cancer Survivors
      Jooyeon Park, Nahyun Kim
      Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(5): 463.     CrossRef
    • Health Promotion Behavior in Colorectal Cancer Patients and General Adults
      Sunhee Hwang, Nami Chun
      Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(2): 94.     CrossRef
    • The Effect of A Salivation Stimulation Method on Xerostomia in Colon Cancer Patients after Surgery
      Anna Kim, Jeong Sook Park
      Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(2): 75.     CrossRef
    • The relationship between sense of humor, stress and depression in the nursing students
      Hae Jin Lee, Ye Jung Ko, Seung Woo Han
      Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society.2016; 27(4): 1035.     CrossRef
    • Maternal Role Development in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduate Mothers of Premature Infant
      Ah Rim Kim, Young Ran Tak
      Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(4): 308.     CrossRef

    • Cite
      CITE
      export Copy Download
      Close
      Download Citation
      Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

      Format:
      • RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
      • BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software
      Include:
      • Citation for the content below
      A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research
      J Korean Acad Nurs. 2015;45(5):641-649.   Published online October 30, 2015
      Close
    • XML DownloadXML Download
    We recommend
    A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research
    A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research

    J Korean Acad Nurs : Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
    Close layer
    TOP