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Original Article
Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach
Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2013;43(4):486-496.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486
Published online: August 30, 2013

1Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

3Department of Nursing, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Shin-Jeong. Department of Nursing, Hallym University, 1 Okchun-dong, Chunchon 200-702, Korea. Tel: +82-33-248-2721, Fax: +82-33-248-2734, ksj@hallym.ac.kr
• Received: February 26, 2013   • Accepted: June 13, 2013

© 2013 Korean Society of Nursing Science

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to identify the awareness of child rearing among parents of children in early childhood and to provide fundamental data for parent education programs according to child rearing type.
  • Methods
    Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Forty Q items which were derived from a literature review and interviews with nurturing mothers were classified into a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using the QUANAL PC Program.
  • Results
    Four types of parents' child rearing were identified. Type I was named 'affection-respect type', type II, 'concern-rule compliant type', type III, 'solicitude-model type', and type IV, 'geniality-encouragement type'.
  • Conclusion
    For proper growth and development during early childhood, parents should have rational information and awareness of their child rearing type. Results of this study can be used as essential data to develop child rearing education programs according to parents' child rearing attitude.
  • Keywords: Early childhood; Parents; Child rearing
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Table 1
Eigen Value, Variance, and Cumulative Percentage (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i001.jpg

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 2
Correlation Matrix between Types (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i002.jpg

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 3
Demographic Characteristics and Factor Weight for P-sample (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i003.jpg

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 4
Q-Statements on Z-Scores according to Types (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i004.jpg

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 5
Consensus Items and Average Z-scores (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i005.jpg

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Motherhood Ideology and Parenting Stress according to Parenting Behavior Patterns of Married Immigrant Women with Young Children
      So-Hyun Moon, Miok Kim, Hyeun Na
      Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(4): 449.     CrossRef
    • Development of a Measurement Instrument for Parenting Behavior of Primary Caregivers in Early Childhood
      Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang
      Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(5): 650.     CrossRef
    • A study on the types of gender role identity in middle-aged men using Q methodology
      Sung-Hee Ko, Myung-Ae Kim, Euna Park
      Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(7): 4361.     CrossRef

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      Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach
      J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013;43(4):486-496.   Published online August 30, 2013
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486
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    Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach
    Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach

    Eigen Value, Variance, and Cumulative Percentage (N=40)

    Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

    Correlation Matrix between Types (N=40)

    Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

    Demographic Characteristics and Factor Weight for P-sample (N=40)

    Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

    Q-Statements on Z-Scores according to Types (N=40)

    Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

    Consensus Items and Average Z-scores (N=40)
    Table 1 Eigen Value, Variance, and Cumulative Percentage (N=40)

    Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

    Table 2 Correlation Matrix between Types (N=40)

    Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

    Table 3 Demographic Characteristics and Factor Weight for P-sample (N=40)

    Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

    Table 4 Q-Statements on Z-Scores according to Types (N=40)

    Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

    Table 5 Consensus Items and Average Z-scores (N=40)

    Table 1

    Table 2

    Table 3

    Table 4

    Table 5

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