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Original Article
- Effects of Aromatherapy on Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System, Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Aortic Augmentation Index in Patients with Essential Hypertension
- Jung-Hee Cha, Sun-Hee Lee, Yang-Sook Yoo
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2010;40(5):705-713.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.5.705
Published online: October 31, 2010
1Director of Nursing, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
2Unit Manager of Inpatient Nursing, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
3Professor, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- Address reprint requests to: Yoo, Yang-Sook. College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2258-7411, Fax: 82-2-2258-7772, ysyoo@catholic.ac.kr
• Received: October 1, 2009 • Accepted: October 14, 2010
Copyright © 2010 Korean Society of Nursing Science
Abstract
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Purpose
- To investigate the effectiveness of aromatherapy on blood pressure, heart rate variability, aortic pulse wave velocity and the aortic augmentation index of essential hypertensive patients.
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Methods
- Using a coin toss, 22 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control. The experimental group was given a blend of oils of lemon (Citrus limonum), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) which were prepared in the ratio of 2:2:1, respectively. The control group was given an artificial lemon fragrance of Limonene (35 cc) and Citral (15 cc) mixture. The experiment, inhalation, was conducted for 3 weeks (2 min per inhalation, 2 times per day) to both groups.
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Results
- There was a noticeable difference in systolic blood pressure between the groups (p=.001), however the difference in diastolic blood pressure between the two groups was not significant. There was a notable difference in sympathetic nerve system activity of heart rate variability (p=.047). However, the differences in aortic pulse wave velocity or the aortic augmentation index were not significant.
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Conclusion
- Aromatherapy is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure and sympathetic nerve system activity.
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REFERENCES
Table 1Homogeneity Test for Characteristics and Research Variables between Groups
*Fisher's exact test.
BMI=body mass index; RAS antagonists=renin angiotensin system antagonists; CC blockers=Ca channel blockers; HRV=heart rate variability; PWV=pulse wave velocity; AIx=augmentation index.
Etc.: RAS antagonists+β-blocker, RAS antagonists+diuretics, β-blocker+CC blockers, diuretics, RAS antagonists+CC blockers+diuretics; LF norm: sympathetic nerve system activity; HF norm: parasympathetic nerve system activity.
Figure & Data
REFERENCES
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XML DownloadEffects of Aromatherapy on Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System, Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Aortic Augmentation Index in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Figure 1
Research design.
Figure 1
Effects of Aromatherapy on Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System, Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Aortic Augmentation Index in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Homogeneity Test for Characteristics and Research Variables between Groups
*Fisher's exact test.
BMI=body mass index; RAS antagonists=renin angiotensin system antagonists; CC blockers=Ca channel blockers; HRV=heart rate variability; PWV=pulse wave velocity; AIx=augmentation index.
Etc.: RAS antagonists+β-blocker, RAS antagonists+diuretics, β-blocker+CC blockers, diuretics, RAS antagonists+CC blockers+diuretics; LF norm: sympathetic nerve system activity; HF norm: parasympathetic nerve system activity.
Comparisons of Research Variables between Groups before & after Aromatherapy
HRV=heart rate variability; PWV=pulse wave velocity; AIx=augmentation index.
LF norm: sympathetic nerve system activity; HF norm: parasympathetic nerve system activity.
Table 1
Homogeneity Test for Characteristics and Research Variables between Groups
*Fisher's exact test. BMI=body mass index; RAS antagonists=renin angiotensin system antagonists; CC blockers=Ca channel blockers; HRV=heart rate variability; PWV=pulse wave velocity; AIx=augmentation index. Etc.: RAS antagonists+β-blocker, RAS antagonists+diuretics, β-blocker+CC blockers, diuretics, RAS antagonists+CC blockers+diuretics; LF norm: sympathetic nerve system activity; HF norm: parasympathetic nerve system activity.
Table 2
Comparisons of Research Variables between Groups before & after Aromatherapy
HRV=heart rate variability; PWV=pulse wave velocity; AIx=augmentation index. LF norm: sympathetic nerve system activity; HF norm: parasympathetic nerve system activity.
