Original Article
J Korean Acad Nurs. 2009 Apr;39(2):259-269. Korean.
Published online Apr 28, 2009.  https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.2.259
Copyright © 2009 Korean Society of Nursing Science
Development of a Breast Feeding Adaptation Scale (BFAS)
Sun Hee Kim
Part-time Lecturer, Department of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Sun Hee. Department of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea. Tel: 82-2-3277-2875, Fax: 82-2-3277-2850, Email: carpesun@hanmail.net
Received December 03, 2008; Accepted March 18, 2009.

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a breast feeding adaptation scale (BFAS) to evaluate adaptation to breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers and their infants and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument.

Methods

The study was conducted as follows: application of the conceptual framework, identification of the content domains, items generation, and test of validity and reliability. In order to test validity and reliability, two panels of experts reviewed items and subcategories of the preliminary questionnaire and then data were collected from 329 mothers who were up to 4 weeks postpartum and breastfeeding. Descriptive statistics, t-test, factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze the data.

Results

The conceptual framework was based on the Roy adaptation model. The content domains were developed via literature review, review of instruments, and data acquired from the interviews of breastfeeding mothers and nurses. A total of 69 items belonging to 8 domains were generated. A reduction to 44 preliminary items was accomplished through content validity analysis. Factor analysis extracted 8 factors with a total of 27 items on a 5-point Likert scale. Content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the BFAS were established.

Conclusion

The newly developed BFAS is a reliable and valid instrument with which the adaptation of breastfeeding mothers and their infants to the breastfeeding behavior can be evaluated.
Keywords:
Adaptive behavior; Breast feeding

Figures


 Figure 1
Conceptual framework of breastfeeding adaptation.
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Tables


 Table 1
Factor Loading of Each Item of Adaptation to Breastfeeding
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Table 2
Eigenvalue, Explained Variance, Cumulative Variance
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Table 3
Differences of Adaptation to Breastfeeding according to the Present Type of Feeding and the Past Experience of Breast-feeding (N=329)
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Table 4
Correlation between Subscales of BFAS and Subscales of HHLS (N=329)
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Table 5
Internal reliability of BFAS
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Notes

This study is a part of Ph.D. thesis.

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